Windows shell if not exist

Эта статья рассказывает, как в bat файле проверить, существует ли определенный файл или определенная папка (директория),

Как проверить, существует ли файл – условием if exist или командой dir

Проверить наличие директории – условием if exist или командой dir

Заключение

Как проверить, существует ли файл

Проверка наличия файла командой if exist

Командный интерпретатор cmd поддерживает условную обработку в такой форме:

if [not] exist <filename> <command> [else <expression>]

Например, чтобы показать сообщение об ошибке, если не найден необходимый для работы файл

if not exist product.dat echo Не удается найти файл данных

Условие поддерживает маски в именах файлов, например:

if exist *.tmp goto cleanup 

Команда if [not] exist – наиболее часто используемый вариант, самый короткий для записи.

Проверка наличия файла командой dir

Это альтернативный способ проверки существования файла, основанный на том, что команда dir имяфайла возвращает 0, если файл существует, и 1, если файл не существует:

dir products.dat > nul
if errorlevel 1 ( echo не существует ) else ( echo существует )

С операторами && и || можно составить более удобную команду:

dir products.dat > nul && echo существует

или

dir products.dat > nul || echo не существует

в зависимости от того, какую ситуацию требуется обнаружить – когда файл найден или когда не найден.

Как проверить, существует ли папка

Проверка наличия папки командой if exist

Та же команда if exist используется и для проверки наличия папки, но с одним отличием: после имени папки следует поставить обратную наклонную черту \, чтобы команда проверяла именно папку:

if exist products\ ( echo папка существует ) else ( echo папка не существует )

Если не ставить символ обратной наклонной черты, то команда будет давать положительный результат и в случае, когда существует файл с таким именем. На самом деле, это не такая большая проблема, потому что обычно файлы имеют расширения (csv, dat, pdf, xlsx и так далее), а папки используется без расширений, и поэтому совпадение имён между файлами и папками – большая редкость. Но всё равно лучше сразу прописывать правильно, тем более что разница в одном символе.

Проверка наличия папки командой dir

Вариант, основанный на команде dir, применим и для папок, также с обратной наклонной чертой \:

dir папка\
if errorlevel 1 ( echo не существует ) else ( echo существует )

или с операторами && и ||

dir папка\ >nul 2>&1 && echo папка существует
dir папка\ >nul 2>&1 || echo папка не существует

Проверка наличия сетевой папки WebDav

Хотя сетевая папка при подключении по протоколу WebDav выглядит как обычная папка, в её работе есть некоторые отличия. Например, если сетевой диск подключен к букве N:, то команда if exist N:\ может давать положительный ответ TRUE при неактивном подключении. А вот запись со звёздочкой:

будет давать TRUE именно при активном подключении.

Если имя файла содержит пробелы

Имена с пробелами необходимо указывать в кавычках:

if not exist "all products.dat" echo Не удается найти файл данных

В противном случае, интерпретатор выдаст ошибку:

"products.dat" не является внутренней или внешней
командой, исполняемой программой или пакетным файлом.

Заключение

В итоге, для проверки того, что файл или папка существует, можно использовать команду-условие if exist или команду dir.

Рекомендуется указывать имена папок с обратной наклонной чертой (backslash) \, чтобы не путать с именем файла.

Если имя файла или папки содержит пробелы, его надо заключать в кавычки.

Если имя файла или папки содержит символы Unicode, которые отсутствуют в 8-битной таблице ASCII (OEM), их невозможно прописать в bat файле. Это ограничение самих bat файлов. Обходной путь – использование коротких имен 8.3, но лучше использовать WSH/JScript/VBScript или PowerShell.

The solution when the resource is a file it is pretty straight-forward as indicated by others:

C:\> IF EXIST C:\CONFIG.SYS ECHO C:\CONFIG.SYS exists.

Unfortunately, the above does not work for directories. The EXIST function returns the same result for both missing and present folders. Fortunately, there is an obscure workaround:

C:\> IF NOT EXIST C:\FOLDER\NUL ECHO C:\FOLDER missing.
C:\FOLDER missing.
C:\> MD C:\FOLDER
C:\> IF EXIST C:\FOLDER\NUL ECHO C:\FOLDER exists.
C:\FOLDER exists.

It turns out that to support constructs like appending >NUL on command statements, there is a sort of virtual file named «NUL» in every directory. Checking for its existence is equivalent to a check for the directory’s existence.

This behavior is documented in a Microsoft knowledge base article ( https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/65994 ) and I have confirmed its behavior on FreeDOS 1.1 and in a Windows 7 command shell.

EXTRA: The KB article indicates this technique can also be used to see if a drive is present. In the case of checking for drive existence, however, caveats exist:

  • An Abort, Retry, Fail? error occurs if the drive is not formatted.

  • Using this technique to check for drive existence depends on device driver implementation and may not always work.

Here is a good example on how to do a command if a file does or does not exist:

if exist C:\myprogram\sync\data.handler echo Now Exiting && Exit
if not exist C:\myprogram\html\data.sql Exit

We will take those three files and put it in a temporary place. After deleting the folder, it will restore those three files.

xcopy "test" "C:\temp"
xcopy "test2" "C:\temp"
del C:\myprogram\sync\
xcopy "C:\temp" "test"
xcopy "C:\temp" "test2"
del "c:\temp"

Use the XCOPY command:

xcopy "C:\myprogram\html\data.sql"  /c /d /h /e /i /y  "C:\myprogram\sync\"

I will explain what the /c /d /h /e /i /y means:

  /C           Continues copying even if errors occur.
  /D:m-d-y     Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
               If no date is given, copies only those files whose
               source time is newer than the destination time.
  /H           Copies hidden and system files also.
  /E           Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.
               Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T.
  /T           Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not
               include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes
  /I           If destination does not exist and copying more than one file,
               assumes that destination must be a directory.
  /Y           Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
               existing destination file.

`To see all the commands type`xcopy /? in cmd

Call other batch file with option sync.bat myprogram.ini.

I am not sure what you mean by this, but if you just want to open both of these files you just put the path of the file like

Path/sync.bat
Path/myprogram.ini

If it was in the Bash environment it was easy for me, but I do not
know how to test if a file or folder exists and if it is a file or
folder.

You are using a batch file. You mentioned earlier you have to create a .bat file to use this:

I have to create a .BAT file that does this:

  • Overview
  • Part 1 – Getting Started
  • Part 2 – Variables
  • Part 3 – Return Codes
  • Part 4 – stdin, stdout, stderr
  • Part 5 – If/Then Conditionals
  • Part 6 – Loops
  • Part 7 – Functions
  • Part 8 – Parsing Input
  • Part 9 – Logging
  • Part 10 – Advanced Tricks

Computers are all about 1’s and 0’s, right? So, we need a way to handle when some condition is 1, or else do something different
when it’s 0.

The good news is DOS has pretty decent support for if/then/else conditions.

Checking that a File or Folder Exists

IF EXIST "temp.txt" ECHO found

Or the converse:

IF NOT EXIST "temp.txt" ECHO not found

Both the true condition and the false condition:

IF EXIST "temp.txt" (
    ECHO found
) ELSE (
    ECHO not found
)

NOTE: It’s a good idea to always quote both operands (sides) of any IF check. This avoids nasty bugs when a variable doesn’t exist, which causes
the the operand to effectively disappear and cause a syntax error.

Checking If A Variable Is Not Set

IF "%var%"=="" (SET var=default value)

Or

IF NOT DEFINED var (SET var=default value)

Checking If a Variable Matches a Text String

SET var=Hello, World!

IF "%var%"=="Hello, World!" (
    ECHO found
)

Or with a case insensitive comparison

IF /I "%var%"=="hello, world!" (
    ECHO found
)

Artimetic Comparisons

SET /A var=1

IF /I "%var%" EQU "1" ECHO equality with 1

IF /I "%var%" NEQ "0" ECHO inequality with 0

IF /I "%var%" GEQ "1" ECHO greater than or equal to 1

IF /I "%var%" LEQ "1" ECHO less than or equal to 1

Checking a Return Code

IF /I "%ERRORLEVEL%" NEQ "0" (
    ECHO execution failed
)


<< Part 4 – stdin, stdout, stderr


Part 6 – Loops >>

Skip to content

StackHowTo

Batch File To Check If File Exists

In this tutorial, we are going to see how to check if file exists in a batch file by using IF EXIST condition. Batch file contains a series of DOS (Disk Operating System) instructions. It allows triggering the execution of commands found in this file.
 

Batch File To Check If File Exists

The following example check if “filename.txt” exists:

@echo off 

IF EXIST "filename.txt" (
    echo 'File EXIST!'
) ELSE (
    echo 'File missing!'
)

 
Output:


 

Example 2:

The following example EXIT if the required file “filename.txt” is missing:

@Echo Off
IF NOT EXIST filename.txt EXIT /b
Echo "File Exists!"
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  • Batch File Commands List With Examples
  • Batch File To Check If Multiple Files Exist

5 thoughts on “Batch File To Check If File Exists

  • Wow, this “tutorial” is so very inadequate. The command checks to see if the file exists. But where? Anywhere on the computer? Only the current drive? Only the current directory? Don’t you think that bit of information would be helpful?

    Reply

    • Yep, we are waiting for your solution then

      Reply

  • just replace filename.txt with drive\folder\subfolder\filename.ext

    e.g the file you’re checking for should be something like c:\tmp\folder1\subfolder1\something.txt
    then the code would be :-

    @echo off 
    IF EXIST "c:\tmp\folder1\subfolder1\something.txt" (
        echo 'File EXIST!'
    ) ELSE (
        echo 'File missing!'
    )

    Reply

  • Hi,

    I have files with names

    “windows10.0-kb123456-v2-x64_fa90a4bdc1da0f5758cdfa53c58187d9fc894fa0.msu”
    “windows10.0-kb987654-v2-x64_fa90a4bdc1da0f5758cdfa53c58187d9fc894fa0.msu”
    “windows10.0-kb167890-v2-x64_fa90a4bdc1da0f5758cdfa53c58187d9fc894fa0.msu”
    “windows10.0-kb235684-v2-x64_fa90a4bdc1da0f5758cdfa53c58187d9fc894fa0.msu”
    “windows10.0-kb654321-v2-x64_fa90a4bdc1da0f5758cdfa53c58187d9fc894fa0.msu”

    I want to filter a file which is having “kb123456” in the above list and want to display it as an output, may I know how to achieve this using batch script

    Reply

  • So how do I check if the file name is in a variable to test if the file exists?

    Reply

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