Windows server 2008 r2 максимальный объем оперативной памяти

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Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 R2 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Windows Server
Working state	Current
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	July 22, 2009; 14 years ago
General availability	October 22, 2009; 13 years ago[1]
Latest release	Service Pack 1 with security update rollup (6.1.7601.24499) / March 19, 2019; 4 years ago[2]
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (Graphical)
License	Commercial software (Retail, volume licensing, Microsoft Software Assurance)
Preceded by	Windows Server 2008 (2008)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2012 (2012)
Official website	docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd349801(v=ws.10)
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015.[3] Extended support ended January 14, 2020.[3] Windows Server 2008 R2 is eligible for the paid ESU (Extended Security Updates) program.[4] This program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until January 10, 2023,[5] only for Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter volume licensed editions. The program is included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and offers Azure customers an additional year of support, until January 9, 2024.[6][7][8] Installing Service Pack 1 is required for users to receive updates and support after April 9, 2013.[9][10]

Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed «Windows Server 7», is the fifth version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,^[11] and became generally available on October 22, 2009, shortly after the completion of Windows 7.^[12] It is the successor to Windows Server 2008, which is derived from the Windows Vista codebase, released the previous year, and was succeeded by the Windows 8-based Windows Server 2012.

Enhancements in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new functionality for Active Directory, new virtualization and management features, version 7.5 of the Internet Information Services web server and support for up to 256^[13] logical processors. It is built on the same kernel used with the client-oriented Windows 7, and is the first server operating system released by Microsoft which dropped support for 32-bit processors, a move which was followed by the consumer-oriented Windows 11 in 2021.

Windows Server 2008 R2 is the final version of Windows Server that includes Enterprise and Web Server editions, the final that got a service pack from Microsoft and the final version that supports IA-64 and processors without PAE, SSE2 and NX (although a 2018 update dropped support for non-SSE2 processors). Its successor, Windows Server 2012, requires a processor with PAE, SSE2 and NX, in any supported architecture.

Seven editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 were released: Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, HPC Server and Itanium, as well as Windows Storage Server 2008 R2. A home server variant called Windows Home Server 2011 was also released.

History[edit]

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2008 R2 at the 2008 Professional Developers Conference as the server variant of Windows 7, based on the Windows NT kernel.

On January 7, 2009, a beta release of Windows Server 2008 R2 was made available to subscribers of Microsoft’s TechNet and MSDN programs, as well as those participating in the Microsoft Connect program for Windows 7. Two days later, the beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download Center.^[14]

On April 30, 2009, the release candidate was made available to subscribers of TechNet and MSDN.^[15] On May 5, 2009, the release candidate was made available to the public via the Microsoft download center.^[16]

According to Windows Server Blog,^[17] the following are the dates of the year 2009 when Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 has been made available to various distribution channels:

• OEMs received Windows Server 2008 R2 in English and all language packs on July 29. The remaining languages were available around August 11.
• Independent software vendor (ISV) and independent hardware vendor (IHV) partners have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 from MSDN starting on August 14.
• IT professionals with TechNet subscriptions were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 and obtain product keys for English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish variants beginning August 14 and all remaining languages beginning August 21.
• Developers with MSDN subscriptions have been able to download and obtain product keys for Windows Server 2008 R2 in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish starting August 14 and all remaining languages starting August 21.
• Microsoft Partner Program (MPP) gold/certified members were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 through the MPP portal on August 19.
• Volume licensing customers with an existing Software Assurance (SA) contracts were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 on August 19 via the Volume License Service Center.
• Volume licensing customers without an SA were able to purchase Windows Server 2008 R2 through volume licensing by September 1.

Additionally, qualifying students have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard edition in 15 languages from the Microsoft Imagine program (known as DreamSpark at the time).^[18]

Microsoft announced that Server 2008 R2 would be the last version of Windows supporting the Itanium architecture, with extended support to end on July 10, 2018.^[19][20][21] However, monthly security updates continued until January 14, 2020,^[22] and a final unscheduled update appeared in May 2020 via WSUS.^[23]

New features[edit]

A reviewer guide published by the company describes several areas of improvement in R2.^[24] These include new virtualization capabilities (Live Migration, Cluster Shared Volumes using Failover Clustering and Hyper-V), reduced power consumption, a new set of management tools and new Active Directory capabilities such as a «recycle bin» for deleted objects. IIS 7.5 has been added to this release which also includes updated FTP server services. Security enhancements include encrypted clientless authenticated VPN services through DirectAccess for clients using Windows 7, and the addition of DNSSEC support for DNS Server Service. Even though DNSSEC as such is supported, only one signature algorithm is available:^[25] #5/RSA/SHA-1. Since many zones use a different algorithm – including the root zone – this means that in reality Windows still can’t serve as a recursive resolver.

The DHCP server supports a large number of enhancements^[26] such as MAC address-based control filtering, converting active leases into reservations or link layer based filters, DHCppP Name protection for non-Windows machines to prevent name squatting, better performance through aggressive lease database caching, DHCP activity logging, auto-population of certain network interface fields, a wizard for split-scope configuration, DHCP Server role migration using WSMT, support for DHCPv6 Option 15 (User Class) and Option 32 (Information Refresh Time). The DHCP server runs in the context of the Network Service account which has fewer privileges to reduce potential damage if compromised.

Windows Server 2008 R2 supports up to 64 physical processors^[27] or up to 256 logical processors per system. (Only the Datacenter and Itanium editions can take advantage of the capability of 64 physical processors. Enterprise, the next-highest edition after those two, can only use 8.)^[28] When deployed in a file server role, new File Classification Infrastructure services allow files to be stored on designated servers in the enterprise based on business naming conventions, relevance to business processes and overall corporate policies.^[29]

Server Core includes a subset of the .NET Framework, so that some applications (including ASP.NET web sites and Windows PowerShell 2.0) can be used.

Performance improvement was a major area of focus for this release; Microsoft has stated that work was done to decrease boot time, improve the efficiency of I/O operations while using less processing power, and generally improve the speed of storage devices, especially iSCSI.

Active Directory has several new features when raising the forest and domain functional levels^[30] to Windows Server 2008 R2: Two added features are Authentication Mechanism Assurance and Automatic SPN Management. When raising the forest functional level, the Active Directory recycle bin feature is available and can be enabled using the Active Directory Module for PowerShell.^[31]

Support lifecycle[edit]

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 R2 ended on April 9, 2013.^[9][10] Users had to install Service Pack 1 to continue receiving updates.^[32]

On January 13, 2015, Windows Server 2008 R2 exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows Server 2008 R2, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer offered. Extended support ended on January 14, 2020, about ten years after the release of Windows Server 2008 R2.^[33] On July 12, 2018, Microsoft announced a paid «Extended Security Updates» service that will offer additional updates for Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter for up to 3 years after the end of extended support, lasting until January 10, 2023. In November 2021, Microsoft extended ESU support for Windows Server 2008 R2 until January 9, 2024, only for Microsoft Azure customers. ESU support for Itanium systems is not available.

In August 2019, researchers reported that «all modern versions of Microsoft Windows» may be at risk for «critical» system compromise due to design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.^[34] In the same month, computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability, CVE-2019-0708, that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program’s Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.^[35] In addition, experts reported a Microsoft security vulnerability, CVE-2019-1162, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.^[36]

Service Pack[edit]

On February 9, 2011, Microsoft officially released Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 to OEM partners. Apart from bug fixes, it introduces two new major functions, RemoteFX and Dynamic Memory. RemoteFX enables the use of graphics hardware support for 3D graphics in a Hyper-V based VM. Dynamic Memory makes it possible for a VM to only allocate as much physical RAM as is needed temporarily for its execution. On February 16, SP1 became available for MSDN and TechNet subscribers as well as volume licensing customers. As of February 22, SP1 is generally available for download via the Microsoft Download Center and available on Windows Update.^[37]

System requirements[edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 R2 are as follows:^[38]

Processor

1.4 GHz x86-64 or Itanium 2 processor

Memory

Minimum: 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features)

Recommended: 2 GB RAM

Maximum: 8 GB RAM (Foundation), 32 GB RAM (Standard), or 2 TB RAM (Enterprise, Datacenter and Itanium)

Display

Super VGA (800×600) or higher

Disk Space Requirements

Minimum (editions higher than Foundation): 32 GB or more

Minimum (Foundation edition) 10 GB or more.

Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging and dump files.^[38]

Other

DVD drive, keyboard and mouse, Internet access (required for updates and online activation)

Editions[edit]

See also[edit]

• BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Windows Server 2008 R2 on Microsoft TechNet
• Thurrott, Paul (6 October 2010). «Windows Server 2008 R2 Preview». Supersite for Windows. Penton. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011.
• Convert Windows Server 2008 R2 to Workstation

Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard — это операционная система, которая широко используется в качестве серверной платформы. Однако, в стандартной версии этой операционной системы есть ограничение на доступную память, которое может быть проблематично для некоторых пользователей.

Ограничение памяти может оказать негативное влияние на производительность сервера, особенно если он использует множество приложений или обрабатывает большие объемы данных. Однако, существуют способы, которые позволят убрать ограничение памяти и использовать максимальную память, которую может поддерживать аппаратное обеспечение сервера.

Для того чтобы убрать ограничение памяти в Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, необходимо внести изменения в файл загрузки операционной системы. Сначала необходимо открыть файл «boot.ini», который находится в корневой директории системного диска. После того, как файл открыт, необходимо найти и удалить строку «PAE» из параметров загрузки.

Пример строки параметров загрузки: /noexecute=optin /fastdetect /PAE

После удаления строки «PAE» необходимо сохранить изменения и перезагрузить сервер. После перезагрузки сервера операционная система будет использовать максимально доступную память сервера, что может значительно улучшить его производительность.

Почему ограничение памяти стало проблемой в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard?

Ограничение памяти в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard составляет 32 гигабайта (Гб). Это означает, что операционная система может использовать только до 32 Гб оперативной памяти сервера. Если сервер оборудован более мощными ресурсами и имеет больше оперативной памяти, она не будет использоваться полностью.

Ограничение памяти стало проблемой в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard, потому что современные серверы могут иметь гораздо большие объемы оперативной памяти. Например, многопроцессорные серверы или серверы, использующие виртуализацию, могут иметь несколько сотен гигабайт оперативной памяти.

Когда сервер работает на операционной системе с ограничением памяти, он не может эффективно использовать доступные ресурсы и мощности. Это может привести к снижению производительности, задержкам и неполной загрузке сервера.

Ограничение памяти в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard связано со спецификой лицензирования. Операционная система имеет несколько версий, каждая из которых имеет свои ограничения и возможности. Windows server 2008 R2 Standard была разработана для использования на небольших серверах и ограничивает доступное количество оперативной памяти.

Ознакомившись с ограничением памяти в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard, администраторы серверов должны учитывать это при планировании и настройке инфраструктуры серверов. В некоторых случаях может потребоваться обновление операционной системы до более новой версии, которая поддерживает больший объем оперативной памяти, либо использование других решений, таких как установка дополнительных серверов или применение виртуализации для эффективного использования ресурсов.

Проблемы, вызванные ограничением памяти в Windows server 2008 R2 Standard

Один из наиболее ощутимых недостатков ограничения памяти в Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard заключается в ограниченной производительности. Если приложение или сервис требует больше памяти, чем предусмотрено ограничением, оно может столкнуться с проблемами работы, такими как замедление производительности, задержки выполнения запросов или даже сбои в работе системы.

Другой проблемой, связанной с ограничением памяти, является неспособность установить и запустить приложения или сервисы, которые требуют большего объема памяти, чем доступно в системе. Это может ограничить возможности развертывания и использования некоторых приложений, особенно тех, которые требуют больше памяти для эффективной работы.

Кроме того, ограничение памяти может оказывать влияние на масштабируемость системы. Если компания планирует масштабировать свою инфраструктуру или добавлять новые сервисы, ограничение памяти может стать преградой для реализации этих планов. Для работы с более крупными нагрузками и обработки большего количества данных может потребоваться больший объем памяти, который ограничение в Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard не позволяет использовать полностью.

В целом, ограничение памяти в Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard может ограничивать возможности развертывания и использования приложений и сервисов, а также оказывать влияние на производительность и масштабируемость системы. Поэтому, для решения этих проблем, возможно будет необходимо использовать другую версию операционной системы, которая позволяет больший объем физической памяти.

Как узнать текущий уровень ограничения памяти?

Чтобы узнать текущий уровень ограничения памяти в Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, следуйте инструкциям ниже:

1. Откройте «Панель управления» на вашем сервере.
2. Выберите раздел «Система и безопасность».
3. Нажмите на ссылку «Система».
4. На открывшейся странице найдите раздел «Установленная память (RAM)» и обратите внимание на значение, указанное рядом. Это покажет вам количество установленной оперативной памяти на вашем сервере.
5. Далее прокрутите страницу вниз и найдите раздел «Тип системы». Здесь вы увидите информацию о версии и архитектуре операционной системы.

Теперь вы знаете текущий уровень ограничения памяти на вашем сервере Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard. Эта информация может быть полезной при решении проблем с памятью и планировании ее распределения для различных задач.