Windows on the world menu

Windows On The World Restaurant Menu — World Trade Center. Developed by restaurateur Joe Baum and designed initially by Warren Platner, Windows on the World occupied 50,000 square feet of space in the North Tower. The restaurant opened on April 19, 1976, together with a smaller more intimate restaurant called Wild Blue.

The dress code required jackets for men and was strictly enforced; a man who arrived with a reservation but without a jacket was seated at the bar. Now is your opportunity to own a collectible item of memorabilia from this iconic restaurant. Unfortunately I never had the chance to dine at WOW, but my parents did- hence the menu! No food stains, rips or holes but light creasing across the surfaces and wear at the bottom of the centerfold and around the edges as shown in detailed photos.

The item «Windows On The World Restaurant Menu World Trade Center» is in sale since Monday, September 6, 2021. This item is in the category «Collectibles\Souvenirs & Travel Memorabilia\United States\New York». The seller is «parowan99» and is located in Santa Rosa, California. This item can be shipped to United States.

Windows on the World was one of the greatest restaurants New York City has ever seen. Located on the 107th floor of the World Trade Center, it offered guests soaring views of not only Manhattan, but also Brooklyn and New Jersey. Although the food couldn’t always match the scenery, at its best, Windows provided guests with a sophisticated, forward-thinking dining experience unlike any other in New York City.

Windows on the World vanished 12 years ago. On that horrific day, 79 employees of the restaurant lost their lives. Here, now, is a remembrance of Windows on the World, with an afterword from the restaurant’s last chef and greatest champion, Michael Lomonaco:

[GM Alan Lewis, chef Andrew Renee, restaurateur Joe Baum via Edible Manhattan]

Windows on the World was the brainchild of visionary restaurateur Joe Baum. With the Restaurant Associates group, Baum created a string of ’60s blockbusters including La Fonda Del Sol, The Forum of the Twelve Caesars, and The Four Seasons. In 1970, after parting ways with Restaurant Associates, Baum was hired by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to help develop the restaurants at the World Trade Center.

[A ’70s menu for Windows via Typofile; A pamphlet for the world Trade Center Club via eBay]

Baum, along with partners Michael Whitman and Dennis Sweeney, created 22 restaurants for the World Trade Center, many of which were casual operations located in the basement concourse. But the most elaborate Baum creation was Windows on the World, which occupied the 106th and 107th floors of the North Tower. The restaurateur hired architect Warren Platner to design a grand, modern space.

[Windows on the World Ephemera from Milton Glaser.com]
Graphic designer Milton Glaser (of the I ? NY and Brooklyn Brewery logos) contributed the menu artwork, dishware patterns, and logo. Barbara Kafka picked the plateware and silverware. And James Beard and Jacques Pepin helped develop the menu.

The Port Authority then signed a master lease with Inhilco, a subsidiary of Hilton International, to run the World Trade Center restaurants. Baum and his team then moved to Inhilco to put their plans into action.

[Kevin Zraly talking to guests in 1976 via The Nestle Library]

Windows on the World opened on April 19, 1976, as a private club with 1,500 members who paid dues based on their relationship with and proximity to the World Trade Center — WTC tenants paid $360 a year, and those who lived outside the «port district» paid just $50. But anyone could visit Windows on the World in the early days if they paid $10 in dues, plus $3 per guest.

[The Hors d’Oeuvrerie via The Nestle Library]

In addition to the main dining room, where a table d’hote dinner was $13.50, Windows on the World had an Hors d’Oeuvrerie that served global small plates.

[Cellar in the Sky via Baum + Whiteman]

One offshoot, dubbed the Cellar in the Sky, offered an expansive wine list from young gun sommelier Kevin Zraly, plus a five-course menu of American and European fare.

In a New York magazine cover story titled «The Most Spectacular Restaurant in the World,» Gael Greene describes the experience of entering the dining room:

Every view is brand-new? a miracle. In the Statue of Liberty Lounge, the harbor’s heroic blue sweep makes you feel like the ruler of some extraordinary universe. All the bridges of Brooklyn and Queens and Staten Island stretch across the restaurant’s promenade. Even New Jersey looks good from here. Down below are all of Manhattan and helicopters and clouds. Everything to hate and fear is invisible. Pollution is but a cloud. A fire raging below Washington Square is a dream, silent, almost unreal, though you can see the arc of water licking flame. Default is a silly nightmare. There is no doggy doo. Garbage is an illusion.

[Cellar in the Sky via Baum + Whiteman]
Windows on the World was an immediate success. New York Times critic Mimi Sheraton describes the dining experience:

Unquestionably the best thing about this place, other than the toy-town views of bridges and rivers, skylines and avenues is the menu. It represents an international crossroads of gastronomy, stylish and contemporary, and perfectly suited to this particular setting and this particular city.

The restaurant quickly became a favorite hangout of high-powered businessmen, politicians, and celebrities. By the end of its first year, Windows on the World had a waiting list that was fully booked for six months straight.

[The view facing west via The David Blahg]

In 2001, Joe Baum’s creative partner Michael Whiteman told the Times: «In a way, it was the symbol of the beginning of the turnaround of New York…We were successful because New York wanted us to be successful. It couldn’t stand another heartbreaking failure.»

[The original Windows on the World crew via Suzette Howes]

Joe Baum was only involved in the management of Windows on the World during its first three years in business, but the restaurant sailed along through the ’80s and early ’90s. During this period, the restaurant employed a number of chefs that would go on to find success on their own, including Kurt Gutenbrunner, Christian Delouvrier, Eberhard Müller, and Cyril Reynaud. The critics were not always kind to Windows on the World, but year after year, it remained one of the top-grossing restaurants in the country.

On February 26, 1993, a group of terrorists detonated a bomb inside a truck that was parked below the North Tower. The bombing killed six people, and injured over a thousand. The explosion damaged storing and receiving areas used by Windows on the World, and the restaurant was forced to shutter. Hilton International gave up its lease after the bombing, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey asked 35 restaurant groups for proposals for the Windows on the World space.

[a New York article on the revamp from July 15, 1996]
On May 13, 1994, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced that the Joseph Baum & Michael Whiteman Company had won the contract. Almost two decades after opening the restaurant, Joe Baum was back in control of Windows on the World.

[Cellar in the Sky, 1996 via Baum + Whiteman]

Baum and his partners tapped Hugh Hardy to create a dining room that was more colorful and whimsical than the original. Unlike the old Windows, which served Continental fare with a sharp American influence, the new restaurant offered a globetrotting menu from chef Philippe Feret.

[The Greatest Bar on Earth via Skyscrapercity]
The Hors d’Oeuvrerie was replaced by The Greatest Bar on Earth, a splashy space that had three bars and a menu of fun international fare. Before the reopening in summer of 1996, Baum told the Times: «When Windows first opened it was a great restaurant for New Yorkers…When tourists came, they came mostly because New Yorkers were proud to bring them here. We want Windows to be a great restaurant for New Yorkers again.»

[Windows on the World in 1996 via the Container List]

Feret left Windows in May of 1997, and he was replaced by Michael Lomonaco, a chef that had earned raves at the ’21’ Club. A few months after he took control of the kitchen, Ruth Reichl bestowed two stars on Windows on the World. In 1999, Cellar in the Sky was replaced by Wild Blue, a cozy American restaurant, that was also overseen by Lomonaco. In his review, William Grimes wrote: «When night falls, Wild Blue feels like a plush space capsule hurtling through the cosmos.»

79 Windows of the World employees died on September 11, 2001. Michael Lomonaco was conducting an errand in the concourse of the World Trade Center when the first plane hit. The chef was evacuated from the building immediately, and witnessed the second plane hit the WTC from the street. Lomonaco then headed north and made it up to his home on the Upper East Side, where he immediately started figuring out who was working that day.

2001: Lomonaco and His Team Search for Employees:

By the following week, a Windows on the World hotline was set up at the restaurant’s sister establishment, Beacon, and Lomonaco and his head of human resources, Elizabeth Ortiz, began working to find the 50 employees that were unaccounted for. Lomonaco soon helped set up an relief fund called Windows of Hope, which raised over $22 million for the families of Windows workers.

[A screengrab of the Windows on the World website from 2002]

Windows on the World co-owner David Emil opened a Theater District restaurant in 2002 called Noche, which was staffed by several Windows employees, including Lomonaco — it closed in 2004. Some of the Windows employees opened a Noho restaurant in 2006 called Colors — it’s still open, but only for parties and private events. For the past seven years, Lomonaco has been the co-owner and executive chef of Porter House in the Time Warner Center, and he recently opened Center Bar, a casual spinoff on the same floor as Porter House.

The Port Authority has ruled out the possibility of putting a fine dining restaurant like Windows on the World at the top of the new World Trade Center, which is slated to open in 2014.

Earlier this week, Eater interviewed Michael Lomonaco about his experiences on the 106th and 107th floors of the North Tower. Here’s an extended look back:

[Michael Lomonaco via Porter House]

What did it mean to you to get that job at Windows on the World?
Michael Lomonaco: Well I’d never been there before. I’d never worked there. I’m a native New Yorker, and I remember very clearly when Windows on the World opened. I have very clear memories of that, even the review that they did in New York magazine. But one of the key memories I had always had was Cellar in the Sky, because the original Cellar in the Sky was a prix fixe restaurant — that was pretty new to New York. And it was advertised weekly in the dining section of the Times — they advertised the menu as changed every week, or every other week. That ad always stuck in my mind, how they promoted Cellar in the Sky. It just sounded so incredible.

So fast-forward to the ’80s. I got out of culinary school in 1984, and Windows on the World had become this giant place that was historic, and I’d never been there. I’d never gone to the Cellar. I’d never gone to Windows. In fact, the first time that I had ever gone up there was at the reopening in 1996 when they hosted an industry night, and I went up there for an evening.

I knew Joe Baum pretty well in my days at ’21.’ Joe was a regular and I was introduced to him, and he was a very passionate, warm, hospitable guy. He really was magnetic, in many ways. I had some sense of what was going on there. In the early ’90s, when I met Joe, it was no longer associated with us. But then in 1996, when they did the big reopening, I was still at ’21’ and had started doing television at the Food Network, so I was in a transitional period.

[Windows on the World in 1976 via the Container List]

I’d left ’21’ in the last quarter of ’96 to film Michael’s Place at the Food Network. Then in ’97, I was introduced to David Emil and Joe Baum. My relationship began with them at that time, and I really had some long talks with David Emil and with Joe Baum about joining them and becoming part of their team. I was the «chef-director.» This was Joe Baum’s title for me. Direct all of the chefs. We had Windows on the World, there was Cellar in the Sky, and there was the Greatest Bar on Earth, and it was all private dining on the 106th floor, so there was quite a team of people. So that, for me, in ’97 when I joined them, was really very exciting. It was very exciting because it was such a historic place, it was such a beloved place, and it was really at the pinnacle of its own opportunity to reinvent itself again. And that’s the opportunity I took. That was the great step forward for me — it was the chance to reinvent Windows on the World. And, in fact, we shuttered Cellar in the Sky in ’98, and reopened the space as Wild Blue in ’99. It became a very kind of beloved space. It’s small, 55 seats.

Were you proud of your work up there?
Absolutely. First of all, I had a great team. You know, there was a great group of people. There were 450, 500 people that worked up at Windows on the World at one time. And I had a great team with me. My chef de cuisine is still with me today — Michael Ammirati. He came with me. Michael, who would be here now at Porter House, he was a key component, because it was really just the two of us with a culinary team that was 35 people, trying to turn it to a new direction. I think we were able to fulfill, to some degree, an original vision that Joe Baum had for Windows on the World.

You know, I thought that Joe’s vision was that Windows on the World should be a beacon of American cooking, on American products, on American foods. And, also, shine a spotlight on local ingredients. So we started working with the local suppliers at the greenmarket in 1997, and a bunch of the produce that we bought came from the greenmarket at the World Trade Center. This is something that fit into my vision of what we could do, and also Joe’s vision. And I’ll tell you, in 1998, we were talking about planting an herb garden and a vegetable garden on the roof of the World Trade Center. Sustainable cuisine, sustainable cooking was something that Joe started talking about back in ’97, probably before, and it was really a big topic when we met and talked about ideas.

On a Saturday night, we could do 700 or 800 covers, but all of that was from-scratch cooking. Everything was cooked à la minute. And we did that with a great team of cooks in the kitchen, and our culinary chef staff. We just did it through organization, and sheer will that we would cook everything à la minute.

[The Greatest Bar in the World via The Container List]
Cellar in the Sky reopened in 1996. It was expensive. It was a prix fixe, $125-a-head dinner and it was kind of staid. It wasn’t getting the traffic, because there were so many more things happening in the culinary world. And so what we did in 1998 was we closed Cellar in the Sky with the idea of turning it into an American chophouse, and that’s what Wild Blue was. 55 seats and a very aggressive wine-by-the-glass program. We served, I think, really delicious American chophouse fair. Prime beef, game birds, duck, squab, and it was all family-style. It was really kind of a fun place that became more of a locals restaurant. The tourist crowd, the visitor crowd would go to Windows, which had dramatic views. Wild Blue also had dramatic views, but on the south side of the building, facing the Statue of Liberty. We had a very kind of local crowd. I’m very proud of the work we did there, and I’m very proud of the people I met and had the chance to work with.

Do you have a favorite memory from working on the 106th and 107th floors?
A real favorite memory was the annual holiday party that David Emil and Joe Baum hosted, and that was held in January at Windows. That’s where everyone who worked there was invited to bring members of the family and come to one of the private dining rooms, which could seat 500 people, if not more. That holiday party was a fantastic memory. Everyone came with family. Everyone who worked there got dressed up. We had people from the around the world at Windows, and it was an incredibly global staff. The team would refer to themselves as the U.N. of restaurants. They had such diversity in the workforce, the staff that worked there. And there were more than 60 languages that were spoken among the staff. You could alway find someone who could act as a translator for any guest who needed help. This diversity was exciting.

But on that day when we had our holiday party, it was really wonderful to see all of the people we worked with. Much of them came in the finest clothes that they wore in their original, native homelands. It was like being at a party at the U.N. with beautiful clothing from around the world — from Africa, from Asia, from India, and Latin America. Just a beautiful thing where people were proud of where they worked. Everyone had a good time.

You devoted a lot of your life after 9/11 to working with the families of the employees that died, and the employees that were displaced. Did you think that, after a year or two, there would be another Windows on the World? Did you think that you would be able to work together again?
There was a lot of pain and loss felt by everyone and it was different for each individual. We lost 79 of our co-workers. But I think that there was some sense of time to recover. It’s a very difficult question to answer, because I think it’s personal to each individual. You’ve got to see it from this point of view: There were people lost at Windows who had family members who worked there who weren’t lost. We had a family that worked in our kitchen, there were four brothers, the Gomez brothers, two were lost and two were not. There was a lot of recovery. I think the pain of recovery leads to, «We want to get back to where we were…» I think there was a sense of people trying to stay together.

There was also a lot of confusion in the aftermath thinking, «What is the right thing to do?» It was something I wish could’ve happened overnight. For me, I wish that this never would have happened, of course, but there were different configurations of people trying to stay together. We had Noche in Times Square with nearly 50 of our co-workers. That’s a small number compared to Windows Hospitality Group, which was one of the largest in the world in sheer volume and size. So, 50 people working together was a comforting thing for some of us to be able to continue to work together. Others went down to the restaurant on Lafayette Street — there were groups that felt they wanted to keep some of their friends and co-workers together. The loss of something so immense was a shock in itself.

12 years later, what is your relationship with the families of the employees you worked with?
As in any situation, you know some people better than others. You have to cultivate some relationships…you have to imagine 450 people working together. I’m just trying to stress that that’s a lot of people. There are some people that I knew quite well, and I am in touch with some of the family members of those who lost. I do keep in touch with some. There are others who, we work together, and we have some contact during the year. I have a few of my co-workers who were with me at Windows, who now work with me at Porter House.

If this is something that can answer your question…The Windows of Hope Relief Fund, we raised 22 million dollars with the help of Tom Valenti, David Emil, the board members, and the group of people who were with me. That fund is still paying for education for 150 children who are eligible to receive education grants from that fund, every year. A great portion of the original funds went to emergency aid to those families who lost someone on that day. There was emergency aid and health insurance that the funds paid for, for the first five years. The original mission was emergency aid, health insurance, and educational opportunities for the children of the victims, of the food service worker victims. All of the food service workers who were identified, of which there were 102, Windows being the greatest. Just so you understand, when we established that fund, we worked with the Community Service Society of New York to administer the families’ needs, and I think the most important thing that we could give them was a sense of dignity and a respect for their loss, and maintain the respect for their privacy. So, in a way, it kind of cut off having personal relationships with people that were included in this fund.

Do you think New York will ever have a restaurant like Windows on the World again?
Oh yeah, that’s the spirit of New York and our nation and humanity. To build, to create, to entertain our guests — that’s what we do. Windows was incredible, and because it had really been reborn in its incarnation in 1996, that version of Windows wasn’t meant to be exclusive. It was a very inclusive and democratic restaurant. The prices were not exorbitantly high, and people could come in and go to the bar and have a Coke and having this incredible experience of seeing the city. It was very open, hospitable, and friendly.

I think in that spirit, New York will have something like this. I’m very happy to talk to you, because what I want you to understand is….That day, aside from the fact that I survived it…the greatest thing I could offer is doing what I was doing before, so that the memory of my friends and colleagues lost that day have honor. I feel privileged to wake up every day and do what I do. What I do, in part, is a tribute to my friends and colleagues.

[A view from Windows on the World]

Further Reading:
· From Windows on the World to Windows of Hope [Thirteen]
· Lomonco Escaped 9/11 but Dedicates Cooking to Friends he Lost [NYDN]
· Windows That Rose So Close To the Sun [NYT]
· Drinking at 1,300 Ft: A 9/11 Story About Wine and Wisdom [Esquire]
· Ruth Reichl Remembers Windows on the World [NYM]
· Windows on the World: The Wine Community’s True North [Wine News]
· The Legacy of Joe Baum [Edible Manhattan]
· Windows on the World Opening Report (Subscription required) [NYT]
· Gael Greene’s First Visit [Insatiable Critic]
· Mimi Sheraton’s First Visit (Subscription required) [NYT]
· Gael Greene’s Review from November of 1976 [Google Books]
· Mimi Sheraton’s Second Visit (Subscription Required) [NYT]
· Bryan Miller’s One Star Review from 1987 [NYT]
· Bryan Miller’s Review from 1990 [NYT]
· Renovation Report from 1996: Can the Food Ever Match the View? [NYT]
· Ruth Reichl’s Two Star Review from 1997 [NYT]

25 Photos Of Windows On The World, From Its ‘Spectacular’ Beginnings To Its Tragic Destruction On 9/11

Published September 9, 2023

Updated September 11, 2023

Windows on the World opened in April 1976 to critical acclaim — and by 2000 it was the top-grossing restaurant in the U.S.

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Employees work to set up tables at the restaurant. Instagram

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A woman lights a man’s cigarette at Windows on the World. 1976. Nestlé Library

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A bustling day at Windows on the World. Reddit

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The stunning view of New York City from Windows on the World. Reddit

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A table with a view of the city.Instagram

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One of the main draws of Windows on the World was, of course, its spectacular view. Instagram

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A menu from Windows on the World. National Museum of American History

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Kitchen staff at Windows on the World. Instagram

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Guests at Windows on the World in 1976.Nestlé Library

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By 2001, the restaurant was broken into three parts: Windows on the World; a bar called the Greatest Bar on Earth, pictured here in 1996; and a smaller, more intimate restaurant called Wild Blue.Nestlé Library

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A corner of the restaurant. School of Visual Arts Archives

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Cellar in the Sky, which was replaced by Wild Blue in 1999. Baum + Whiteman

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A view from the restaurant looking down.Chris Morgan/Wikimedia Commons

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Dishware from the Windows on the World restaurant. National Museum of American History

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An interior shot of Windows on the World.Nestlé Library

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An inside shot of the restaurant, which drew tourists and locals alike.Reddit

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Cellar in the Sky in 1976.Nestlé Library

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The interior of the restaurant bathed in red light.Pinterest

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A Wild Blue napkin from the ruins of 9/11. Smithsonian

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A dazzling view of the water from the restaurant, which was split between the 106th and 107th floors of the North Tower. Pinterest

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A view from inside the restaurant at night.Reddit

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A view over the water. Skyscraper City

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A pamphlet from Windows on the World.Pinterest

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People at Hors d’Oeuvrerie, which later became the Greatest Bar on Earth. Nestlé Library

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The view from Windows on the World at night.Skyscraper City

25 Photos Of Windows On The World, From Its ‘Spectacular’ Beginnings To Its Tragic Destruction On 9/11

When Windows on the World opened in 1976 on the 106th and 107th floors of the World Trade Center’s North Tower, New York Magazine dubbed it: «The Most Spectacular Restaurant in the World.» Today, however, the restaurant is best known for its tragic end in the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

On September 11, 2001, all 170 people in the restaurant — including 72 Windows on the World employees — were killed after hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower at 8:46 a.m, blocking off any means of escape. Less than two hours later, the tower collapsed.

But out of the tragedy and horror came great generosity. In the years since, surviving employees have come together to take care of their former co-workers’ families. This is the story of Windows on the World.

Building A Restaurant In The Sky

Three decades before the 9/11 attacks, restaurateur Joe Baum was hired by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to develop restaurants at the World Trade Center, which opened in 1973. According to Eater NY, he developed 22 restaurants for the new complex, including Windows on the World, a sophisticated restaurant located on the North Tower’s 106th and 107th floors.

Windows on the World opened in April 1976 to great acclaim. Gael Greene, writing for New York Magazine, praised its optimistic opulence. It was a sure sign, she declared, that New York City was back after a difficult decade.

New York MagazineThe Windows on the World restaurant was dubbed a triumph by New York Magazine in 1976.

«Suddenly I knew — absolutely knew — New York would survive,» Greene raved of the new restaurant in the magazine’s cover story. «If money and power and ego and a passion for perfection could create this extraordinary pleasure… this instant landmark, Windows on the World… money and power and ego could rescue the city from its ashes. What a high. New York would prevail. Forget about Acapulco gold. This is Manhattan green.»

By 2001, the restaurant was broken up into three basic sections: Windows on the World itself, which offered diners jaw-dropping views of New York City; a bar called the Greatest Bar on Earth; and a smaller, more intimate restaurant beloved by locals, Wild Blue.

«We didn’t just want people to come up and spend a lot of money,» Glenn Vogt, a former general manager at the restaurant, told USA Today. «We were going to give you really good food, really good wine, really good cocktails.»

As a result, the restaurant attracted both tourists and New Yorkers. According to USA Today, it also drew celebrities like Warren Beatty and Wayne Gretzky.

Behind the scenes, restaurant workers became close friends. Hailing from more than two dozen countries, they often bonded over food they brought in to share with each other in the kitchen, which led one former employee to describe the band of Windows on the World workers as «the little UN.»

Windows on the World had its ups and downs — and was briefly closed following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing — but it remained a New York City institution. Then, in September 2001, the unthinkable happened.

Windows On The World And The 9/11 Attacks

For Windows on the World employees, September 11, 2001, started like any other day. By 8 a.m., the restaurant was already buzzing, as various business people and power brokers enjoyed breakfast, coffee, and the stunning views from the 106th and 107th floors of the World Trade Center.

The Guardian reports that Risk Waters Group was holding a conference that day on information technology, which drew dozens of people, including executives from companies like Merrill Lynch.

At 8:44 a.m., Michael Nestor and Richard Tierney, who worked for the Port Authority, and Liz Thompson, the executive director of the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, finished their breakfasts and boarded an elevator.

«We rode down, and I guess we were joking around or talking,» Nestor told NPR 10 years later. «And it didn’t take long. You know, those elevators were fast. It didn’t take long. And then we got off, and the plane hit.»

ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock PhotoSmoke billows from the World Trade Center shortly after hijackers flew American Airline 11 into the North Tower.

They didn’t know it at the time, but Nestor, Tierney, and Thompson were the last people to leave Windows on the World. At 8:46 a.m., the first hijacked plane, American Airlines Flight 11, struck the North Tower, tearing through floors 93 to 99 and cutting off any means of escape for the people above.

About 15 minutes later, around 9 a.m., an assistant manager for Windows on the World named Christine Olender called Port Authority for help. The Guardian reports that Olender had gathered all the restaurant’s employees and guests on the 106th floor, and she was looking for guidance as the three emergency stairwells filled with smoke.

«We are getting no direction up here,» she said. «We need direction as to where we need to direct our guests and our employees as soon as possible.»

«We’re doing our best. We’ve got the fire department, everybody, we’re trying to get up to you, dear,» a police officer told her, telling her to call back in two minutes. Olender called back four more times. But there was nothing she — or the first responders on the ground — could do.

«The fresh air is going down fast! I’m not exaggerating,» Olender said in her last call, asking if she and the others could break windows to get the smoke out. The officer told her to go ahead.

Meanwhile, Vogt, the general manager, arrived on the scene. At that point, he didn’t understand the gravity of the calamity unfolding above.

«I thought, ‘Oh, we’re going to have to be closed for months.’ I didn’t know the severity of what was going on,» he later told USA Today.

Then, someone fell or jumped from the tower above and landed close to him. A fireman told him to get away from the building, and Vogt obeyed.

And at 10:28 a.m., the North Tower collapsed. Everyone at Windows on the World restaurant, including 72 employees, perished.

The Ongoing Legacy Of Windows On The World

In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, employees of Windows on the World who hadn’t been at the restaurant struggled with how to respond to the tragedy. There was grief, of course, but also a determination to help.

Mirko Chianucci/Alamy Stock PhotoThe names of people who lost their lives at Windows on the World during the 9/11 attack, including Ehtesham U. Raja, 28, who was in the restaurant for a conference, are inscribed on the 9/11 Memorial in Manhattan.

As Eater NY reports, a Windows on the World hotline was set up a week after the attacks in order to find employees who were unaccounted for. The restaurant’s final chef, Michael Lomonaco, also set up a relief fund called Windows of Hope, which raised $30 million for families who’d lost loved ones. This fund was especially helpful for the undocumented workers at the restaurant, who were not eligible for other benefits.

«It really helped a lot of people survive,» Vogt told USA Today. «There were a lot of people who passed away who were the main breadwinners. Not just for their families in New York, but back in their home countries, too.»

Help also came from FEMA and even from Windows on the World customers. And many former employees found comfort in each other. As USA Today reported in 2021, several continue to attend 9/11 anniversary events to remember the co-workers that they lost.

Today, there’s a new restaurant at One World Trade Center, the building that replaced the World Trade Center towers. Called ONE Dine, it’s located on the 101st floor and offers stunning views, just like Windows on the World did.

But the Windows on the World experience — for both diners and employees — is lost forever.

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After reading about Windows on the World, look through these heartbreaking stories of nine 9/11 victims. Or, see how Gander, Newfoundland, stepped up after the 9/11 attacks to host displaced airplane passengers.

Windows on the World
Logo designed by Milton Glaser
Restaurant information
Established	April 19, 1976; 47 years ago
Closed	September 11, 2001 (destroyed in September 11 attacks)
Previous owner(s)	David Emil
Head chef	Michael Lomonaco
Street address	1 World Trade Center, 107th Floor, Manhattan, New York City, NY, U.S.
City	New York City, New York
Postal/ZIP Code	10048
Country	United States
Coordinates	40°42′44″N 74°0′47″W / 40.71222°N 74.01306°W
Seating capacity	240
Website	windowsontheworld.com (archived)

Windows on the World was a complex of dining, meeting, and entertainment venues on the top floors (106th and 107th) of the North Tower (Building One) of the original World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan.^[1]

It included a restaurant called Windows on the World, a smaller restaurant called Wild Blue^[1] (before 1999 was called «Cellar in the Sky»), a bar called The Greatest Bar on Earth^[1] (which had previously been the Hors d’Oeuvrerie^[2]) as well as a wine school and conference and banquet rooms for private functions located on the 106th floor. Developed by restaurateur Joe Baum and designed initially by Warren Platner, Windows on the World occupied 50,000 square feet (4,600 m²) of space in the North Tower. The Skydive Restaurant, which was a 180 seat cafeteria on the 44th floor of 1 WTC conceived for office workers, was also operated by Windows on the World.^[3][4]

The restaurants opened on April 19, 1976, and were destroyed in the September 11 attacks.^[5][6] All of the staff members who were present in the restaurant on the day of the attacks perished; escape was impossible from the 92nd floor or higher.^[7]

Operations[edit]

The main dining room faced north and east, allowing guests to look out onto the skyline of Manhattan. The dress code required jackets for men and was strictly enforced; a man who arrived with a reservation but without a jacket was seated at the bar. The restaurant offered jackets that were loaned to the patrons so they could eat in the main dining room.^[8] The dinnerware, rugs, lighting fixtures, menus and the communication equipment were designed by Milton Glaser.^[9][10][11]

A more intimate dining room, Wild Blue, was located on the south side of the restaurant. The bar extended along the south side of 1 World Trade Center as well as the corner over part of the east side. Looking out from the bar through the full length windows, one could see views of the southern tip of Manhattan, where the Hudson and East Rivers meet. In addition, one could see the Liberty State Park with Ellis Island and Staten Island with the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. The kitchens, utility spaces, and conference center in the restaurant were located on the 106th floor.

Windows on the World closed after the 1993 bombing, in which employee Wilfredo Mercado was killed while checking in deliveries in the building’s underground garage. The explosion also damaged receiving areas, storage and parking spots used by the restaurant complex.^[12] On May 12, 1994, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced that the Joseph Baum & Michael Whiteman Company had won the contract to run the restaurants after Windows’s former operator, Inhilco, gave up its lease.^[13] It underwent a US$25 million renovation and reopened in June 26, 1996.^[14][15] Cellar in the Sky, which was a different space within the restaurant (it could only seat 60 people), reopened after Labor Day.^[16] In 1999, Cellar in the Sky was changed into an American steakhouse and renamed «Wild Blue».^[17] In 2000, its final full year of operation, it reported revenues of US$37 million, making it the highest-grossing restaurant in the United States.^[18]

The executive chefs of Windows on the World included Philippe Feret of Brasserie Julien while the last chef was Michael Lomonaco.

September 11 attacks[edit]

Windows on the World was destroyed when the North Tower collapsed during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. While the restaurant was hosting regular breakfast patrons and the Risk Waters Financial Technology Congress, Egyptian terrorist Mohamed Atta and four other Al-Qaeda hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower between floors 93 and 99 at 8:46 a.m.^[19] Everyone present in the restaurant died that day, as all means of escape (including the stairwells and elevators leading down from the impact zones) were instantly severed by the impact. Victims trapped in Windows on the World either died from smoke inhalation from the ensuing fire, jumping or falling to their deaths from the restaurant, or being killed in the eventual collapse of the North Tower 102 minutes later at 10:28 A.M. At least five Windows occupants were witnessed jumping or falling to their deaths from the restaurant.^[20]

There were 72 restaurant staff present in the restaurant, including assistant general manager Christine Olender, whose desperate calls to Port Authority police represented the restaurant’s final communications.^[21] Sixteen Incisive Media-Risk Waters Group employees, as well as 76 other guests/contractors, were also present.^[22] Among those also present was the executive director of the Port Authority, Neil Levin, who was having breakfast. After about 9:40 a.m., no further distress calls from the restaurant were made. The last people to leave the restaurant before Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower at 8:46 a.m. were Michael Nestor, Liz Thompson, Geoffrey Wharton, and Richard Tierney, who all shared an elevator together. They departed at 8:44 a.m. and survived the attack.^[23]

World Trade Center lessor, Larry Silverstein, was regularly holding breakfast meetings in Windows on the World with tenants as part of his recent acquisition of the Twin Towers from the Port Authority, and was scheduled to be in the restaurant on the morning of the attacks. However, his wife insisted that he had to go to a dermatologist’s appointment that morning,^[24] whereby he avoided death.

Critical review[edit]

In its last iteration, Windows on the World received mixed reviews. Ruth Reichl, a New York Times food critic, said in December 1996 that «nobody will ever go to Windows on the World just to eat, but even the fussiest food person can now be content dining at one of New York’s favorite tourist destinations.» She gave the restaurant two out of four stars, signifying a «very good» quality rather than «excellent» (three stars) or «extraordinary» (four stars).^[25] In his 2009 book Appetite, William Grimes wrote that «At Windows, New York was the main course.»^[26] In 2014, Ryan Sutton of Eater.com compared the now-destroyed restaurant’s cuisine to that of its replacement, One World Observatory. He stated, «Windows helped usher in a new era of captive audience dining in that the restaurant was a destination in itself, rather than a lazy byproduct of the vital institution it resided in.»^[27]

Cultural impact and legacy[edit]

Windows of Hope Family Relief Fund was organized soon after the attacks to provide support and services to the families of those in the food, beverage, and hospitality industries who had been killed on September 11 in the World Trade Center. Windows on the World executive chef Michael Lomonaco and owner-operator David Emil were among the founders of that fund.

It has been speculated that The Falling Man, a famous photograph of a man dressed in white falling headfirst on September 11, was an employee at Windows on the World. Although his identity has never been conclusively established, he was believed to be Jonathan Briley, an audio technician at the restaurant. Jonathan was the younger brother of Alex Briley, the original «G.I.» from the band Village People .^[28]

On March 30, 2005, the novel Windows on the World, by French novelist Frédéric Beigbeder, was released. The novel focuses on two brothers, aged seven and nine years, who are in the restaurant with their dad Carthew Yorsten. The novel starts at 8:29 a.m. (just before the plane hits the tower) and tells about every event on every following minute, ending at 10:30 a.m., just after the collapse. Published in 2012, Kenneth Womack’s novel The Restaurant at the End of the World offers a fictive recreation of the lives of the staff and visitors at the Windows on the World complex on the morning of September 11.

On January 4, 2006, a number of former Windows on the World staff opened Colors, a co-operative restaurant in Manhattan that serves as a tribute to their colleagues and whose menu reflects the diversity of the former Windows’ staff. That original restaurant closed, but its founders’ umbrella organization, Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, continues its mission, including at Colors restaurants in New York and other cities.

Windows on the World was planned to reopen on the top floors of the new One World Trade Center, when the tower was complete. However, on March 7, 2011, it was cancelled because of cost concerns and other troubles finding support for the project.^[29] Instead, One World Observatory contains eateries named ONE Dine, ONE Mix and ONE Café.^[30]

See also[edit]

• List of tenants in 1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)
• Top of the World Trade Center Observatories

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Windows on the World (Archive)
  • Archived snapshot of the former WotW website, August 2, 2002
  • Last pre-9/11 archived snapshot of the former WotW website, February 1, 2001
  • Photographs of WotW