The windows aren t very dirty you clean them

Закончите предложения. Используйте mustn’t или needn’t и один из глаголов:
be, busy, clean, hurry, lose, take, tell, wait
The windows aren’t dirty. You needn’t clean them.
I must hurry. I mustn’t be late.
The letter is very important. You __________ it.
We have a lots of time. We __________.
We_____________ an umbrella. It’s not going to rain.
You_____________ a newspaper. You can have mine.
This is a secret. You _____________ anybody.
I’m not ready yet but you ___________________ for me. You go now and I’ll come
later.
Напишите отрицательные
предложения
 
You’ll
sleep. You won’t sleep.
I’ll
forget. I _________________________
It will
happen. ______________________
I’ll find
it. ___________________________
She’ll be
in Rome tomorrow.
_________________________

1.The windows are very dirty; they need (clean).

2.It’s very hot, so you don’t need (bring) a coat.

3.The house is old, and it badly wants (paint).

4.The famous man didn’t need (introduce) himself.

5.The floor is covered with dust; it needs (sweep).

6.The grass in the garden is very dry; it wants (water) badly.

7.The planners didn’t realise they would need (build) so many houses.

8.The shirt is quite clean; it doesn’t want (wash) yet.

9.Her shoes have a hole in them; they want (mend).

10.The
room was in a terrible mess; it needed (tidy up).

11.The
baby’s crying; I think he needs (feed).

12.I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time to go to the
hairdresser’s.

13.John
needed (cheer up) when he heard that he’d failed his exam.

14.You should tidy the garden.- Yes, it needs (tidy).The roses want
(water),the peaches want (pick),the grass wants (cut).

Exercise 10.
Выберите правильный предлог и употребите
глагол в скобках в форме Gerund

1
It was difficult for Laura to get used to
/ with living
(live) in
a foreign country.

2
David is looking forward about
/ to ……………
(travel)
across
Asia this summer.

3
In addition of
/ to
……………….
(clean) his
room, Bob also did tine washing-up.

4
Peter is accustomed to
/ in …………
(work) long
hours in the office.

5
There’s no point in
/ about …………………… (ask) me
again — I’ve made up my mind.

6
Lisa admitted to
/ in………. . (wear) her
sister’s top without asking.

7
What’s the use of
/ with……..
(paint) the
house if we are going to sell it soon’?

8 As well as
/ with ……………….. (raise) money
for children, the charity offers advice to parents.

Exercise 11.
Употребите глаголы в скобках в правильной
форме Gerund.

1. After the accident the injured man recovered
consciousness in hospital. He remembered (cross) the road, but he
didn’t remember (knock down). 2.I am still thirsty in spite of
(drink) four cups of tea. 3.This carpet always looks dirty, in spite
of (sweep) every day. 4.He didn’t return the book he had borrowed
after (promise) to do so. 5.He got into the house by (climb) through
a window, without (see) by anyone. 6.I think he was foolish to buy a
car before (learn) how to drive it. 7.Peter is a much better
chess-player than I am, and he was very much surprised when I beat
him yesterday for the first time. He isn’t used to (beat). 8.He went
to bed at 9p.m. in spite of (sleep) all the afternoon. 9.He
complained of (give) a very small room at the back of the hotel.
10.The little girl isn’t afraid of dogs in spite of (bite) twice.
11.The little girl didn’t go near the dog; she was afraid of (bite).
12.The baby went to sleep a few minutes after (feed). 13.The little
girl never gets tired of (ask) her mother questions, but her mother
often gets tired of (ask) so many questions. 14.They lived in a small
town for ten years and then moved without (make) friends with any of
their neighbours. 15.The little boy was punished for (tell) a lie by
(send) to bed without his supper. 16.Mary was chosen a year ago to
act in the school play. She was very pleased at (choose). 17.Jack
doesn’t like boxing. I don’t know if he is afraid of (hurt) his
opponent or of (hurt) himself. 18.He was taken to hospital
unconscious after the accident. He died in hospital without (recover)
consciousness. 19.I always treat people politely and I insist on
(treat) politely. 20.The boy was very hungry at eleven o’clock in
spite of (eat) a big breakfast two hours earlier. 21.She didn’t get
out of bed until ten o’clock in spite of (wake up) at seven.

Exercise 12.
Поставьте галочку для каждой пары
предложений, если их значения одинаковы(√).
Если значения разные, поставьте
крестик(X).

1
a
I
can’t
bear
being
tickled!

b I can’t bear to be
tickled!

2
a My boss went on saying that he was very proud of all of us.

b My boss went on to
say that he was very proud of all of us.

3
a Have you stopped having lunch yet?

b Have you stopped to
have lunch yet?

4
a Have you started having lunch yet?

b Have you started to
have lunch yet?

5
a They continued climbing the mountain

b They continued to
climb the mountain.

6
a We all saw the reporter interviewing the witness,

b We all saw the
reporter interview the witness.

7
a I love playing practical jokes on my younger brother,

b I love to play
practical jokes on my younger brother.

8
a Why don’t you try holding your breath for a minute or two?

b Why don’t you try to
hold your breath for a minute or two?

9
a I hate being cheated by taxi drivers,

b
I hate to be cheated by taxi drivers.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ
ИНФИНИТИВА И ГЕРУНДИЯ

The to-infinitive is used	The Gerund is used
для выражения цели: He went to university to become a lawyer. (in order to become) после глаголов типа: to remember, to ask, to forget, to agree, to learn, to decide, to love, to promise, to like, to pretend, to hate, to wish, to be going, to prefer, to appear, expect, to hope, to plan, to refuse etc. He refused to pay the bill. после прилагательных типа: happy, glad, sorry etc. She was happy to marry him. после: I would like/would love/would prefer для выражения особого, конкретного предпочтения. I’d like to see the manager. после существительных: It’s a pleasure to help you. после too/enough constructions. He’s too young to have his own car. He’s clever enough to do the crossword. He’s got enough money to live on. с: it + be + adjective (+ of + noun/pronoun). It was kind of him to offer me his car. so + adjective + as. Would you be so kind as to help translate the letter? с «only« для выражения неудовлетворительного, неприятного результата. She came in only to find Bob had left. после: be + the first/second etc/next /last/best etc. He was the first to cross the border. в конструкциях : for + noun/pronoun + to -inf. For him to be so rude was unforgivable. в выражениях типа: to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest etc. To be honest, I don’t like him. после: hear, listen, see, watch + infinitive без «to« для выражения законченного действия. I saw John type the letter. (все действие от начала до конца). NOTE! если два инфинитива соединяются «and» или «or«, частичка «to» второго инфинитива может опускаться. I want to call Mr Jones and fax or post him a letter. the infinitive without to is used: после большинства модальных глаголов (can, must, will etc). You can do it yourself. после: had better / would rather. I’d rather not go out tonight. I’d better stay at home. после: make / let / see / hear / feel+ object. They made him pay for the damage, НО: в пассивном залоге: be made / be heard / be seen + to -infinitive. He was made to pay for the damage. после «know» and «help» может употребляться с или без to. I’ve never known him (to) be so mean. Could you help me (to) fix the car? НО: в страдательном залоге: be known, be helped + to-infinitive. She was known to have worked as a teacher.	в качестве отглагольного существительного. Reading a book is a good pastime. после глаголов типа: (admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go (physical activities), imagine, involve, keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, object to, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, understand etc). They discussed selling the company. «Let’s go jogging!» «No, I’d rather go sailing,» после: dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer, mind, to enjoy, to love для выражения общего (не)предпочтения. She likes cooking (вообще) после : I’m busy, it’s no use, it’s (no) good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, can’t help, there’s no point (in), can’t stand, have difficulty (in), in addition to, as well as, have trouble, have a hard/difficult time. I can’t stand listening to this music. после: spend/waste (time, money etc). We wasted a lot of time trying to find a parking space. после: to be (interested in, busy with, fond of, proud of, sure of, ashamed of -, tired of, afraid of, good at, bad at, clever at, pleased at, surprised at, ready for, sorry for, grateful for, famous for, good for, right in, used to, fed up with, excited about): He is very good at painting. после предлогов. He left without saying a word. после: look forward to, be/get used to, be/ get accustomed to, object to, admit (to) etc I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. после: hear, listen, notice, see, для выражения незаконченного, развивающегося или длительного действия. I saw him crossing the street. NOTE! begin, continue, intend, start + инфинитив или герундий. She began crying I to cry. НО: The days are beginning to get shorter. Tho dayo arc beginning getting charter. advise, allow, encourage, permit, recommend, require + object или в пассивном залоге употребляются с инфинитивом. Герундий употребляется в том случае, когда обстоятельства нет. The teacher doesn‘t allow us to eat in class. We aren’t allowed to eat in class. They don’t allow eating in class. need, require want употребляются с инфинитивом, герундием или пассивным инфинитивом . You need to polish your shoes. Your shoes need polishing. Your shoes need to be polished.
MIND THE DIFFERENCE! после глагола to remember герундий обозначает действие, относящееся к прошлому, инфинитив — к будущему: I remembered to wind the clock. — Я помнил, что мне ещё нужно завести часы. I remember winding the clock. — Я помню, что завёл часы. try doing – попытаться сделать что-то в качестве эксперимента, попробовать что-то: I‘ve got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didn’t help. – Мне ужасно болит голова. Я попробовал взять аспирин, но это не помогло. try to do – постараться сделать что-то, сделать попытку: Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep. – Постарайтесь не шуметь, когда придете домой. Все будут спать. need + -ing = need to be done (что-то нуждается в чем-то): This jacket is rather dirty. It needs cleaning (=it needs to be cleaned)/ — Этот пиджак очень грязный. Его нужно почистить. need to do something – Мне необходимо сделать что-то: I need to take more exercise. – Мне необходимо больше заниматься. He needs to work harder. – Ему необходимо больше работать. forget + —ing form = помнить, не забыть: I’ll never forget travelling by plane for the first time. – Я никогда не забуду, как в первый раз летел самолетом. forget to do something = не помнить, забыть: I have to go out. I forgot to buy a newspaper. – Я должен выйти. Я забыл купить газету. stop doing something = перестать, бросить, прекратить делать что-то: He stopped drinking coffee because it upset his stomach. – Он бросил пить кофе, т.лк. он раздражал его желудок. stop to do something = остановиться, чтобы сделать что-то другое: He stopped to fill the tank with petrol, then continued driving. – Он остановился для того, чтобы заполнить бак бензином, а затем продолжил поездку. be sorry for doing something = просить прощения, извиняться за совершенное действие: We are sorry for keeping you waiting. – Извините за то, что задержали вас. be sorry to do something = просить прощения, извиняться за действие, которое еще будет сделано: I’m sorry to say this, but your work is rather unsatisfactory. Если глагол to like = ‘enjoy’, то после него употребляется герундий: Do you like cooking? (Do you enjoy cooking?) – Тебе нравится готовить?(Ты наслаждаешься процессом готовки?). Если глагол to like = ‘find it good or right to do something’, то после него употребляется инфинитив: I like to wash my hair twice a week. – Мне нравится мыть волосы два раза в неделю (я считаю, что это правильно и хорошо для меня). mean to do something = ‘intend to’ : He means to move to Newcastle. mean doing something = ‘involve’ : Working harder means getting more money. go on to do something = ‘finish doing sth and start doing sth else’: After finishing her BA, she went on to get a master’s degree. go on doing something = ‘continue’: She went on watching TV. regret to do something = ‘be sorry to’: I regret to tell you that you have failed. regret doing something = ‘have second thoughts about sth already done’. I regret telling lies. would prefer + to do something = ‘specific preference’: I’d prefer to have an early night tonight. prefer + doing something (in general): I prefer reading a book to watching TV. prefer + to do something + (rather) than + do something . I prefer to read a book (rather) than watch TV. want + to do something = ‘wish’: / want to find a better job. want + doing something = ‘sth needs to be done’: Your dress wants cleaning. hate + to do something = ‘hate what one is about to do’: / hate to interrupt, but I must talk to you. hate + doing something = ‘feel sorry for what one is doing’: / hate making you feel uncomfortable. be afraid to do something = ‘be too frightened to do sth’: I’m afraid to drive over the old bridge. be afraid of + doing something = ‘бояться, что действие, выраженное герундием, может произойти’: She is afraid of breaking her leg if she jumps over the wall.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 13.
Подчеркните правильный вариант.

1
I really don’t feel like going
/ to go out
tonight. Do you?

2
Everyone expected his business failing
/ to fail within
the first few months.

3
What would you like doing
/ to do this
evening?

4
We discussed turning
/ to turn the
attic into a spare bedroom with the architect.

5
She wasn’t able speaking
/ to speak very
clearly after her accident.

6
Do you mind moving
/ to move your
car, please? You’re blocking the road.

7
They’re going to postpone making/to
make a
decision until next month.

8
Are you planning of
getting / to get a
new DVD player?

9
Are you thinking of
getting / to get a
PlayStation?

10
I’m very pleased telling
/ to tell you
that you’ve passed!

11
Sarah’s offered putting
/ to put us
up for the weekend.

12
I’m really looking forward to
going / to go on
the cruise.

Exercise
14.
Выберите правильный вариант.

1
‘Welcome
home.’

Thanks. It’s very nice ..A…
back.’

A
to be В
be С
to being

2
‘…………. is good for your health.’

‘I know, but I don’t enjoy
it.’

A
To have exercised В
Exercising С
To exercising

3
‘You have to………….home early tonight.’

‘I will.’

A
be coming В
come С
coming

4
‘Do you watch TV very often?’

‘No. I consider
it…………a waste of time.’

A
to be В
being С
is

5
‘Did you enjoy the play?’

‘Yes.
Were you involved in………….the scenery?’

A
make В
to make С
making

6
‘Does your son study very much?’

‘No,
he spends his time………….television.’

A
to watch В
watching С
watch

7
‘Did anyone help you with your homework?’

‘No.
I managed………..it by myself.’

A
do В
to do С
doing

8
‘Let’s go out tonight.’

‘I’d
rather………….at home. I’m tired.’

A
staying В
to stay С
stay

9
‘Why
did you go to the supermarket?’

‘………….some
flour.’

A
To buy В
Buy С
Buying

10
‘Do
you know who………….to in the office?’

‘Yes,
Mrs Jacobs.’

A
speaking В
speak С
to speak

Страница 79

4. Измени эти предложения так, что бы они звучали более вежливо.

Ответ:

1) Mary Brown is not a very young woman. — [Мэ’ри Браун из нот э вэри йан: вумэ’н] — Мэри Браун не очень молодая женщина.

2) Your room is not very clean. — [Ё ру:м из нот вэри кли:н] — Твоя комната не очень чистая.

3) Lizzy is not very strong. — [Лиззи из нот вэри строн:] — Лиззи не очень сильная.

4) Rob is not a very tall boy. — [Роб из нот э вэри то:л бой] — Роб не очень высокий мальчик.

5) This queen is not very good. — [З’ис куи:н из нот вэри гу:д] — Эта королева не очень хорошая.

6) Your bike is not very new. — [Ё байк из нот вэри нъю] — Твой велосипед не очень новый.

5. Закончи вопросы при помощи слов противоположного значения.

Ответ:

1) Is the pig fat or thin? — [Из з’е пиг фэ’т о: с’ин?] — Свинья толстая или худая?

2) Are the windows clean or dirty? — [А: з’е уиндоу кли:н о: дё:ти?] — Окна чистые или грязные?

3) Is that street long or short? — [Из з’э’т стри:т лон: о: шо:т?] — Эта улица длинная или короткая?

4) Are the cats strong or weak? — [А: кэ’тс строн: о: уи:к?] — Кошки сильные или слабые?

5) Is the shelf high or low? — [Из з’е шэлф хай о: лоу?] — Полка высокая или низкая?

6) Is the girl big or small? — [Из з’е гё:л биг о: смо:л?] — Девочка большая или маленькая?

7) Are they sad or happy? — [А: з’ей сэ’д о: хэ’ппи?] —Они грустные или веселые?

Is the book thin or thick? — [Из з’е бу:к с’ин о: с’ик?] — Книга тонкая или толстая?

6. Закончи предложения, вставив в них подходящие по смыслу прилагательные.

Ответ:

1. Sparrows have small wings — [Спэ’рроуз хэ’в смо:л уин:з] — У воробьев маленькие крылья.

2. I feed my cat very well. Now my cat is fat. — [Ай фи:д май кэ’т вэри уэл. Нау май кэ’т из фэ’т] — Я очень хорошо кормлю моего кота. Теперь мой кот толстый.

3. My horse is big and strong. — [Май хо:с из биг энд строн:] — Моя лошадь большая и сильная.

4.  Jenny is thin but she is not weak. — [Дженни из с’ин бат ши: из нот уи:к] — Дженни худая, но не слабая.

5.  The windows in my room are clean.They are not dirty. — [З’е уиндоуз ин май ру:м а: кли:н. З’ей а: нот дё:ти] — Окна в моей комнате чистые.Они не грязные.

6. I can see a high shelf on the wall. — [Ай кэ’н си: э хай шэлф он з’е уо:л] — Я вижу высокую полку на стене.

7. That is a very low door. — [З’э’т из э вэри лоу до:] — Та дверь — очень низкая.

8. Our street is not short, it is long.  — [Оуэ: стри:т из нот шо:т, ит из лон:] — Наша улица не короткая, она длинная.

7. Закончи эти предложения по образцу.

Образец: Jane has a very clean room. She likes clean rooms.

Ответ:

1) Dorris has a small bird. She likes small birds. — [Доррис хэ’з э смо:л бё:д. Ши: лайкс смо:л бё:дз] — У Доррис есть маленькая птичка. Ей нравятся маленькие птицы.

2) Tom and Mary have a high strong horse. They like high strong horses. — [Том энд Мэ’ри хэ’в э хай строн: хо:с. З’ей лайк хай строн: хо:сиз] — У Тома и Мэри есть высокая сильная лошадь. Им нравятся высокие сильные лошади.

3) The boys have a good computer game. They like good computer games. — [З’е бойз хэ’в э гу:д компъютэ: гэйм. З’ей лайк гу:д компъютэ: гэймз] — У мальчиков есть хорошая компьютерная игра. Им нравятся хорошие компьютерные игры.

4) We have a nice apple pie. We like nice apple pies. — [Уи: хэ’в э найс э’пл пай. Уи: лайк найс э’пл пайз] — У нас есть красивый яблочный пирог. Нам нравятся красивые яблочные пироги.

5) We have a tall birch tree by our house. We like tall birch trees. — [Уи: хэ’в э то:л бё:ч три: бай ауэ: хаус. Уи: лайк то:л бё:ч три:з] — У нас есть высокая береза возде дома. Нам нравятся высокие березы.

6) I have a long coat. I like long coats. — [Ай хэ’в э лон: коут. Ай лайк лон: коутс] — У меня есть длинное пальто. Мне нравятся длинные пальто.

7) Rex has a big long bone. He likes big long bones. — [Рэкс хэ’з э биг лон: боун. Хи: лайкс биг лон: боунз] — У Рекса есть большая длинная кость. Он любит большие длинные кости.

The little girl has a short dress. She likes short dresses. — [З’литл гё:л хэ’ э шо:т дрэс. Ши: лайкс шо:т дрэсиз] — У маленькой девочки есть короткое платье. Она любит короткие платья.

9) You have a good blue bike. You like good blue bikes. — [Ю хэ’в э гу:д блу: байк. Ю лайк гу:д блу: байкс] — У тебя есть хороший синий велосипед. Тебе нравятся хорошие синие велосипеды.

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Подпишитесь на нашу группу вк!

Use must when you think it is necessary or very important.The windows are dirty I must clean them.We must go to the bank today.We have not got any money.I must hurry.I must not be late.Needn’t

I needn’t do it-it is necessary to do.I needn’t clean the window.They aren’t dirty.Should It is a good thing to do or the right thing to do.It is a good film.You should go and see.Have to-it is necessary for me to do it.I’m obliged to do it.Past-Had to.Question and negative do does did.

Tom doesnt have to workvery hard.He has got an easy job.Have to-When you are not giving your personal opinion.

Jill will not be here this afternoon,She has to go to the doctor.In many countries men have to do military service.(this is not my opinion- it is the law in those countries)

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Упражнение 4.

Вставьте “must” или “had to”.

I had to go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

The windows are very dirty.

I _____________________________ clean them.

The windows were very dirty yesterday.

I ________________________ clean them.

I ________________________ get up early tomorrow.

I’ve got a lot to do.

Come on!

We ______________harry.

We haven’t got much time.

We arrived home very late last night.

We ___________________wait half an hour for a taxi.

These cakes are very nice.

You ________________have one.

Ann came to the party but she didn’t stay very long.

She ___________________leave early.

He didn’t know how to use the machine.

I ___________________show him.

I was nearly late for my appointment this morning.

I ___________ _run to get there on time.