Ssh transfer file from windows

В статье мы расскажем, как копировать файлы в Windows и Linux-системах, и покажем основные команды, с помощью которых происходит передача файлов по SSH.

Для копирования файлов по SSH в Linux-системах и Windows используют разные инструменты:

• scp (Secure CoPy) — утилита для безопасного копирования данных между Linux-системами по протоколу SSH. Она входит в состав OpenSSH, поэтому для работы с утилитой не нужно устанавливать дополнительное ПО;
• pscp.exe — утилита для загрузки файлов по SSH в ОС Windows. Она обладает теми же возможностями, что и scp. Утилита входит в состав программы Putty — SSH-клиента для Windows. Скачать программу можно по ссылке.

Копирование файлов по SSH на Linux

Для Linux копирование файлов по SSH происходит с использованием команды scp. С её помощью можно копировать файлы:

• с локального компьютера на удалённый сервер,
• с удалённого сервера на локальный компьютер,
• с одного удалённого сервера на другой.

Общий вид команды:

scp [опция] [источник] [получатель]

Как скопировать файл по SSH с локальной машины на удалённый сервер

Как загрузить файл на сервер по SSH? Для этого используйте команду вида:

scp [путь к файлу] [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь к файлу]

Пример команды:

scp /home/test.txt root@123.123.123.123:/directory

Файл test.txt будет скопирован на хост 123.123.123.123 в директорию «/directory».

Как скопировать файлы с удалённого сервера на локальный компьютер

При подключённом SSH скачать файл на локальный компьютер с удалённого сервера можно с помощью команды:

scp [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь к файлу] [путь к файлу]

Пример команды:

scp root@123.123.123.123:/home/test.txt /directory

Файл test.txt будет загружен с сервера 123.123.123.123 на локальный компьютер в папку «/directory».

Как скопировать файл по SSH с одного удалённого сервера на другой

Подключитесь по SSH к серверу, на котором расположен файл. Затем выполните команду:

scp [путь к файлу] [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь к файлу]

Пример команды:

scp /home/test.txt root@123.123.123.123:/directory

Файл test.txt будет скопирован на хост 123.123.123.123 в директорию «/directory».

Как скачать папку со всеми файлами и подпапками

Если вы хотите скачать папку со всеми файлами и подпапками, используйте ключ -r:

scp -r [источник] [получатель]

Как подключиться к серверу по нестандартному порту

Бывает, что для подключения по SSH нужно указать нестандартный порт. Без указания порта команда подключается к серверу по стандартному 22 порту. Чтобы указать нестандартный порт, введите команду с ключом -P:

scp -P [источник] [получатель]

Пример команды:

scp -P 12345 /home/test.txt root@123.123.123.123:/directory

Эта команда подключается по порту 12345 к серверу 123.123.123.123 и копирует на него файл «test.txt» с локального компьютера в директорию «/directory».

Как передать и скачать файлы по SSH на Windows

Скопировать файл по SSH на сервер можно командой:

pscp [путь к файлу] [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь к файлу]

Скачать файл по SSH с сервера командой:

pscp [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь к файлу] [путь к файлу]

Увидеть список папок и файлов на сервере можно через pscp.exe. Для этого введите:

pscp -ls [имя пользователя]@[имя сервера/ip-адрес]:[путь]

Если в пути или в названии файла есть пробелы, используйте кавычки:

pscp “C:\files or docs\file name” root@123.123.123.123:/home

Use the PSCP tool from the putty download page:

http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html

PSCP is the putty version of scp which is a cp (copy) over ssh command.

PSCP needs to be installed on your windows computer (just downloaded, really, there is no install process. In the Packaged Files section, pscp.exe is already included). Nothing needs to be installed on the school’s servers. PSCP and scp both use ssh to connect.

To answer the usage question from the comments:

To upload from your computer to a remote server:

c:\pscp c:\some\path\to\a\file.txt user@remote:\home\user\some\path

This will upload the file file.txt to the specified directory on the server.
If the final part of the destination path is NOT a directory, it will be the new file name. You could also do this to upload the file with a different name:

c:\pscp c:\some\path\to\a\file.txt user@remote:\home\user\some\path\newname.txt

To download a file from a remote server to your computer:

c:\pscp user@remote:\home\user\some\file.txt c:\some\path\to\a\

or

c:\pscp user@remote:\home\user\some\file.txt c:\some\path\to\a\newfile.txt

or

c:\pscp user@remote:\home\user\some\file.txt .

With a lone dot at the end there. This will download the specified file to the current directory.

Since the comment is too far down, I should also point out here that WinSCP exists providing a GUI for all this, if that’s of interest: http://winscp.net/eng/download.php

There are various tools available to copy files and directories between Linux server. In this article we will use SSHFS to transfer files over SSH from local to remote and remote to local server.

You can also use below tools to copy files between Linux servers:

• RSYNC — my personal favorite
• SCP
• NFS
• HTTPS
• SFTP
• Samba

Overview on SSHFS

• SSHFS (Secure SHell FileSystem) is a file system for Linux (and other operating systems with a FUSE implementation, such as Mac OS X or FreeBSD) capable of operating on files on a remote computer using just a secure shell login on the remote computer.
• The sshfs command is a client tool for using SSHFS to mount a remote file system from another server locally on your machine.
• SSHFS allows you to mount a remote directory from remote server on your local machine using a mount point, and have it treated just like any other directory.

Advantage of using SSHFS

• Compared to other shared filesystem such as NFS and Samba we do not need any server or client side configuration
• SSHFS is a simple client tool which does not requires any additional configuration
• You can also use SSHFS to transfer files over SSH between Linux and Windows Server
• The files are transferred in completely encrypted channel so it is very secure

Drawbacks of using SSHFS

• You mount the remote directory on local server similar as NFS server but with transfer over SSH using SSHFS both encryption and decryption is involved which can cause performance impacts
• You should also save your data on the mount point as if there is a network connection problem then you may loose your data

ALSO READ: bash: curl: command not found [SOLVED]

Transfer File over SSH between two Linux servers

Install SSHFS on Linux

SSHFS is an opensource project and is not available in most default repositories of distributions

To install SSHFS on RHEL/CentOS 7, we must first install EPEL repository

# yum -y install epel-release

Next install sshfs on your client node

[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install sshfs

To install sshfs on Ubuntu and Debian

$ sudo apt install sshfs

Mount Remote File System

To transfer files over SSH using SSHFS, we must execute SSHFS using below syntax:

sshfs [user@]host:[dir] mountpoint [options]

Check sshfs -h to get the complete list of supported options

In this example I have installed SSHFS on server1 and we will mount

Remote directory (/shared) from server2

[root@server2 ~]# ls -l /shared/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file3

to my local Linux node on server1 at (/mount_point)

[root@server1 ~]# ls -l /mount_point/
total 0

So we must execute sshfs on server1, we are using root user to transfer files over SSH. You can use any normal user, but make sure this user has enough permission to access the remote directory on server2

[root@server1 ~]# sshfs root@192.168.43.10:/shared /mount_point
root@192.168.43.10's password:

There was no error reported so the mount was successful. Verify the mount point on server1

[root@server1 ~]# mount | grep shared
root@192.168.43.10:/shared on /mount_point type fuse.sshfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0)

You can now access the content of remote directory (/shared) from server2 on /mount_point directory on local Linux node at server1

[root@server1 ~]# ls -l /mount_point/
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 17 19:21 file3

Now we can add and modify content under /mount_point at server1 and the changes will be reflected runtime on server2 at /shared

Snippet from my terminal

ALSO READ: Easy regex to grep exact match with examples

To permanently mount this remote directory use /etc/fstab using below syntax:

user@host:/remote/path  /local/mount_point  fuse.sshfs  defaults  0  0

In this example we will add below content in our /etc/fstab

root@192.168.43.10:/shared     /mount_point    fuse.sshfs    defaults   0  0

Un-mount Remote File System

Once you have transferred your files, you can also un-mount the remote file system using umount. Execute umount on server1:

[root@server1 ~]# umount /mount_point/

Verify and make sure there are no mount paths using /shared directory from remote server i.e. server2

[root@server1 ~]# mount | grep shared

Transfer File over SSH between Windows and Linux servers

• You can also use SSHFS to transfer files over SSH between Windows and Linux server.
• This can also be achieved using Samba but let us concentrate on SSHFS for the sake of this article

Install SSHFS on Windows

• To transfer files over SSH between Windows and Linux, you must install SSHFS on the WIndows server.
• You can get the files required to installed from the official Github page
• Download WinFsp and follow the onscreen instructions to install WinFsp on your Windows server
  Download SSHFS-Win and follow the onscreen instructions to install SSHFS-Win on your Windows server
• At the time of writing this article I have installed winfsp-1.6.20027.msi and sshfs-win-3.5.20024-x64.msi

Mount Remote File System

Once you have installed WinFsp and SSHFS-Win on your windows server, next we must map the network location from remote server to a local mount point

I am using WIndows 10 so I will share the instructions based on my environment.

In Windows Explorer select This PC ⇒ Map Network Drive

Provide the path of your remote server and remote directory using the below syntax

\\sshfs\REMUSER@HOST[\PATH]

\\sshfs\root@192.168.43.10\

Provide the login credentials for root user from the remote server i.e. server2

If all is good, you will be connected to your remote Linux server using Windows server. You can verify the path in the Navigation Pane. By default we are connected to home folder of root user

ALSO READ: PSSH — 10 practical examples to use parallel SSH in Linux

How to connect to different folder using SSHFS in Windows?

In Windows SSHFS we are by default connected to user’s home directory so we must provide the absolute path using navigation symbols i.e. to go to /shared directory our path to transfer files over SSH on Windows would be //sshfs/root@192.168.43.10/../shared

If you NOTICE, I have first changed my current directory using ../ followed by the path of /shared directory. I hope you understand the point.

Now we are connected to /shared directory where we had created three dummy files on server2

For list of Advanced Usage with Windows SSHFS, check the official Github page for instructions

Disconnect Remote File System

Once you are done, to disconnect the network drive, in Windows Explorer select This PC. Look out for your mapped drive and Right Click on the drive to get a list of options. Select Disconnect to remove the mapped drive from your Windows server.

Conclusion

Lastly I hope the steps from the article to configure NIC teaming on Linux was helpful. In this tutorial we learned about SSHFS and how we can use SSHFS to transfer files over SSH between two Linux servers or between Linux and Windows server. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

References

I have used below external references for this tutorial guide
man page for sshfs
Windows SSHFS Github page

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