Скачать npm для windows 10

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Node.js came as a blessing for JavaScript developers worldwide struggling with swapping among multiple languages and frameworks to amplify their code into a sustainable development environment.

With Node.js, you can finally build web applications with two-way connections where both the server-side and client-side can thoroughly communicate in real-time and exchange data. Indeed, Node.js has been revolutionary for developers who wanted to push real-time web applications over WebSocket.

If you’re aiming forward to enhancing your web development skills to the next level and becoming a full-stack JavaScript developer, Node.js indeed prepares the path towards that enthusiastic buzzword!

In this article, we’ll demonstrate a step-by-step guideline for installing Node.js on your computer and commencing with your web development journey.

What Is Node.js?

The first thing you should know is that Node.js is not a programming language!

You may already be aware of this fact, but it bears repeating for new developers in the field who may mistake Node.js for a unique programming language. It’s not!

Node.js is an open-source runtime environment for the JavaScript language that reshapes JavaScript’s characteristics and upgrades its functionality. As a result, you can use JavaScript for frontend and backend development, enabling full-stack development solely using JavaScript.

Initially, Node.js was designed to serve real-time performance, pushed-back architectures. But since then, Node.js has grown into a vital element for server-side programming for event-driven, non-blocking servers. Most conventional websites and API services today depend on Node.js.

Before Node.js, if you wanted to store any data on the database or connect your program to the database, you needed support from a server-side language. That’s because JavaScript couldn’t regulate the backend process. Consequently, you had to learn server-side languages like PHP, Python, Ruby, or C# — or seek a backend developer’s help.

The Node.js environment empowers JavaScript to directly employ the database and function properly as a backend language. As a result, you can ultimately build and run a program using only JavaScript with Node.js.

Node.js uses the V8 JavaScript runtime engine as its root power, and it employs a non-blocking I/O architecture that’s event-driven. All these together construct Node.js and help drive products towards robust performance.

Who Uses Node.js?

According to W3Techs, to date, 1.4% of all websites use Node.js — that’s more than 22 million websites. These numbers give you a general idea of the amount of Node.js users. On top of that, Node.js has been downloaded more than 1.3 billion times! As you can see, the stats speak strongly to Node.js’ market scale.

From your friends in IT to the industry tycoons, all are enjoying leveraging Node.js. That’s because Node.js amplifies the performance of developers and increases the speed of the development process. One of the most intelligent trends nowadays is using JavaScript everywhere, which has brought Node.js into the arena.

Top companies that use Node.js include:

1. NASA
2. Twitter
3. Netflix
4. LinkedIn
5. PayPal
6. Trello
7. eBay
8. Walmart
9. Mozilla
10. Medium

If you study these companies, you may notice that they run their businesses on different services or products. But they all have a critical factor in common: they rely on Node.js. Indeed, using Node.js can solve most of your development issues, never mind what industry you’re in.

Advantages of Using Node.js

Choosing the right programming platform for your tech stack is as important as the labor you want to invest in. Multiple factors should be considered when you look for the advantages of using a particular platform. Things like the learning curve, development speed, community, and scale can alter the overall balance of benefits.

Here are the main advantages of using Node.js:

• Simple syntax
• Easy learning curve
• Ability to scale quickly
• Open source and flexible
• Cross-platform development
• Single-language full-stack development
• Real-time communication
• Vast and active community

Node.js Prerequisites

Before installing Node.js, you need to ensure that you’ve gathered all the necessary bits of knowledge and downloaded all required installation files and elements.

Firstly, it would help if you had a basic understanding of JavaScript and its syntax — this will make picking up Node.js easier for you.

Secondly, a basic understanding of an object-oriented programming (OOP) language will help you work on server-side coding.

Lastly, rather than rushing into deep learning, take it one step at a time. Always remember that you’re not a day late or a dollar short as long as you’re progressing.

System Requirements

Node.js doesn’t require a fancy hardware setup to run; most computers of this era should handle Node.js efficiently. Even the most miniature computers like BeagleBone or Arduino YÚN can run Node.js.

Nevertheless, much still depends on what other memory hog software you’ve got running on the same system. But in most cases, you shouldn’t be worried unless your computer is from the Mesozoic Era!

LTS Version vs Current Version

Node.js offers two different versions for you to download: the LTS version and the Current version.

The first one is Long-Term Support (LTS), which indicates the version that has been in the market for a while and comes with all mandatory support. Consequently, you can access a bunch of information and community for additional help with this version.

This LTS version is recommended to most users because of its sustainability and 18-month-long support cycle. As it’s a stable version, using it to produce backends can help you achieve a robust outcome.

The Current version indicates the latest released version of Node with the most recently added and updated features. But this version has less support behind it (around eight months) and possible bug exposure. Therefore, experts suggest using this version only for frontend development.

Considering all these factors, if you’re a regular user who loves to live hassle-free, go for the LTS version. On the other hand, if you’re an advanced user who loves the adventure of experiencing new technology, you can choose to install the Current version.

How to Install Node.js and npm

Every operating system has a distinct method of installing Node.js. The core setup file differs for each OS to OS. However, the Node.js creators have taken care to provide you with the files needed for each system.

In the next portion of the article, we’ll discuss installing Node.js on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems.

How to Install Node.js on Windows?

Follow this step-by-step guide to install Node.js on Windows.

1. Download Windows Installer

First, you need to download the Windows Installer (.msi) file from the official Node.js website. This MSI installer database carries a collection of installer files essential to install, update, or modify the existing Node.js version.

Notably, the installer also carries the Node.js package manager (npm) within it. It means you don’t need to install the npm separately.

When downloading, select the correct version as per your operating system. For example, if you’re using a 64-bit operating system, download the 64-bit version, and if you’re using the 32-bit version, download the 32-bit version:

2. Begin the Installation Process

Once you open and run the .msi file, the installation process begins. But you have to set a few parameters before running the installation process.

Double-click on the installer file and run it. The installer will ask you to accept the Node.js license agreement. To move forward, check the “I accept” box and click Next:

Then, select the destination where you want to install Node.js. If you don’t want to change the directory, go with the Windows default location and click the Next button again.

The next screen will show you custom setup options. If you want a standard installation with the Node.js default features, click the Next button. Otherwise, you can select your specific elements from the icons in the tree before clicking Next:

Node.js offers you options to install tools for native modules. If you’re interested in these, click the checkbox to mark your preferences, or click Next to move forward with the default:

3. Run Node.js Installation on Windows

Lastly — and this is the easiest part of all — click the Install button to begin the installation process:

The system will complete the installation within a few seconds or minutes and show you a success message. Click on the Finish button to close the Node.js installer.

4. Verify Node.js Installation

So the installation process is completed. Now, you have to check whether Node.js is successfully installed or not.

To verify the installation and confirm whether the correct version was installed, open your PC’s command prompt and enter the following command:

Node --version

And to check the npm version, run this command:

npm --version

If the Node.js version and npm are correctly installed, you’ll see the version name in the CMD prompt.

How To Install Node.js on macOS?

Follow these step-by-step guidelines to install Node.js on macOS.

1. Download macOS Installer

Installing Node.js on macOS follows almost the same procedure as Windows. All you have to do is to download the installation file for Mac. Then, as soon as you start it up, the installer will walk you through the rest.

Firstly, download the macOS installer (.pkg) file from the Node.js website. There’s only a 64-bit version, so you don’t have to worry about which to download.

2. Begin Node.js Installation on macOS

Check your Download folder for the installer file and click on it to start the installation process.

The Node.js installer carries the Node.js core file, and, consequently, the installation process installs both Node.js and npm from the installer file. Therefore, you don’t need to install npm separately.

Then, click Continue to move forward with the installation.

You must agree to the terms of usage to install Node.js. Read through it before clicking the Agree button to continue if you’d like to explore the license agreement.

At this screen, you need to select the installation location. Usually, the OS determines a default installation location. If you have other requirements, you can change the location. Otherwise, keep the default location.

3. Run Node.js Installation on macOS

Until now, you’ve set all the preferences that are needed to install Node.js on macOS fully. Now click on the Install button to finish things up.

After a successful installation process, the system will show you a confirmation message. As npm is integrated within the Node.js installer, the notification should indicate proof of npm installation too.

Finally, click on the Close button to close the dialogue box.

4. Verify Node.js Installation on macOS

You’ve now successfully installed Node.js on your macOS. However, you should check to confirm that the installation process was successful and whether the Node.js and npm versions are working properly on your macOS.

To check the Node.js version, you need to open your macOS terminal, click the Command + Space keys, or search the terminal from the search bar.

To check the Node.js version, type:

Node --version

And to check the npm version, run this command:

npm --version

If the Node.js and npm versions are visible, both of them are correctly installed and working fine. If not, you may need to recheck to find the error or try the installation process again.

How To Install Node.js on Linux?

The Linux operating system works a bit differently than the other traditional operating systems. That’s because Linux is open-source, offering you more freedom, customization, and advanced functionalities.

If you’re casual with commands, you should feel comfortable with Linux. Here, we are about to discuss the easiest method of installing Node.js on the Linux operating system.

1. Choose the Node.js Version for Your Linux Distribution

The Linux operating system has hundreds of different distributions because of the diversity it provides. And users love to customize and harness different versions’ specific functionalities using distinct distributions.

Firstly, find the installation instruction for your specific distribution from Node.js’s Binary Distributions page. For this guide, we’ll be using Ubuntu for illustration purposes.

2. Install the Curl Command-Line Tool

Before going for Node.js installation, ensure that you have the curl command-line utility installed on your system. If not, then paste this command on your terminal to install curl:

sudo apt install curl

It may ask for your system password to verify the permission of the installation. Once you input the password, the system should begin the curl installation.

3. Start Node.js Installation

You need to copy and paste the Node.js installation command into your terminal (in our case, we can grab it from the Ubuntu distribution page) so that the system can begin the Node.js installation.

For instance, here, we’ll be installing Node.js v14.x. These are the installation commands for Ubuntu:

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -

sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

As you already have the curl command line installed on your terminal, you’ll need to copy and paste the first command (the curl command) on your terminal and run it.

The curl command begins the Node.js installation process, updates your system, and downloads all Node.js libraries required to install Node.js on your Linux OS.

Now, all the libraries and resources of Node.js have been downloaded to your PC. With one final command, we can finish installing Node.js and npm on your computer.

Copy and paste the second line of command from the installation instructions above into your Linux terminal:

sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

If you’ve done everything correctly, Node.js will install correctly on your Linux distribution. Now input the Clear command to clear the terminal.

4. Verify Node.js Installation on Linux Ubuntu distribution

As you’ve installed Node.js, you can verify to check whether the installation is successful or not. To confirm the installation, you need to run two simple Linux commands on your Linux terminal.

To check the Node.js version, type:

Node --version

And to check the npm version, type:

npm --version

If the Node.js version and npm are installed correctly, you’ll see the Node.js and npm version names visible on the Linux terminal. It indicates that you have successfully installed Node.js and npm on your Linux distribution.

Check and Update npm Version

As we’ve mentioned, npm is the Node.js package manager. It manages the dependencies for packages. Without npm, you would have to unpack all your Node.js packages manually every time you want to upload a framework. But npm relieves you of this responsibility and takes care of it automatically.

Regularly updating npm also updates your local packages and improves the code used in your projects. However, as npm automatically installs with the Node.js version you choose, it often misses the latest npm release. In such cases, you can check your npm version and update it manually in a simple process.

The processes to check and update your npm version are very similar between Windows, macOS, and Linux — you’ll be running the same command on each.

Update npm in Windows

To check the npm version, run the following command:

npm -v

…or:

npm --version

And to update the npm version, run this command:

npm install -g npm@latest

After running this command on your CMD prompt on Windows, the system will update your npm version and install the additional packages in a few seconds. In the end, you can recheck the version to confirm the update of the npm version.

Update npm on macOS

To check the npm version on macOS, open your terminal and run the following command:

npm -v

…or:

npm --version

To update the npm version, run this command in your macOS terminal:

npm install -g npm@latest

Update npm in Linux

To update your npm version on Linux, type these commands into your terminal:

sudo npm install -g n

…and then:

sudo n latest

With Node.js, you can take your web dev skills to the next level 📈… so what are you waiting for? Get started with this guide 👇Click to Tweet

Summary

Node.js has become a popular programming environment quickly because of its usefulness in both frontend and backend. Thousands of active users have created a vast community that helps keep new developers and their questions from slipping through the cracks.

In essence, it’s easy to start with Node.js because of its simplicity, and its capabilities for creating advanced applications are extraordinary. It can also help turn you into a full-stack developer in a short time. These features make Node.js an inevitable choice for next-generation programming.

Have we missed any helpful tips about installing Node.js on Windows, macOS, or Linux? Let us know in the comments section!

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• Как установить Node.js на Windows: пошаговая инструкция

На JavaScript выполняется большая часть интерактивных элементов на сайтах и в мобильных приложениях. JavaScript отлично работает с HTML/CSS и интегрирован основные браузеры на рынке. Чистый JavaScript используется в вебе, а для общего применения JavaScript разработчики используют различные среды выполнения, например, Node.js.

Node.js — это среда выполнения кода JavaScript. Она позволяет использовать JavaScript как язык программирования общего назначения: создавать на нем серверную часть и писать полноценные десктопные приложения.

Основа Node.js — движок V8. Этот движок был разработан Google и используется в браузере Google Chrome. Он компилирует код JavaScript в машинный код, который понимает процессор. Однако, чтобы сделать из JavaScript язык общего назначения, одного движка недостаточно. Так, например, для создания серверной части нужно, чтобы язык умел работать с файлами, сетью и т.п. Для решения этой проблемы разработчики добавили к V8 дополнительные возможности, с помощью своего кода и сторонних библиотек. В итоге у них получился инструмент, который превращает JavaScript в язык общего назначения.

Node.js стала популярна среди разработчиков благодаря возможности создавать серверную и клиентскую часть на одном языке, скорости работы и NPM. В этом материале мы расскажем, как правильно установить Node.js на Windows 10.

Удаление старых версий 

Перед установкой необходимо удалить старые версии среды выполнения, если они были ранее установлены. Наличие предыдущих версий может привести к возникновению конфликтов.

Проверим систему на наличие версий Node.js. Для этого в cmd (чтобы ее запустить, нажмите Win+R, введите cmd и нажмите Enter) выполняем команду nvm list:

C:\Users\Timeweb>nvm list
    18.9.0
    18.8.0
    16.17.0

Как видим, у нас установлено несколько версий. Удалим их:

1.  Выполняем команду npm cache clean --force.
2. В «Установка и удаление программ» удаляем Node.js.
3. Перезагружаем компьютер.
4. Удаляем следующие каталоги. Некоторые из них могут существовать, а некоторые, наоборот, отсутствовать:
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nodejs
• C:\Program Files\Nodejs
• C:\Users\{User}\AppData\Roaming\npm
• C:\Users\{User}\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache
• C:\Users\{User}\.npmrc
• C:\Users\{User}\AppData\Local\Temp\npm-*
5. Возвращаемся в командную строку и выполняем nvm uninstall к каждой версии, полученной с помощью nvm list:

C:\Users\Timeweb>nvm uninstall 18.9.0
Uninstalling node v18.9.0... done
C:\Users\Timeweb>nvm uninstall 18.8.0
Uninstalling node v18.9.0... done
C:\Users\Timeweb>nvm uninstall 16.17.0
Uninstalling node v18.9.0... done

Дополнительно проверим, что версии удалены:

C:\Users\Timeweb>nvm list
No installations recognized.
C:\Users\Timeweb>where node
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: не удается найти файлы по заданным шаблонам.
C:\Users\Timeweb>where npm
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: не удается найти файлы по заданным шаблонам.

С помощью nvm-windows

Node Version Manager или сокращенно NVM — это диспетчер версий Node.js. Возможно, во время работы вам придется использовать различные версии Node и переключаться между ними. Версии часто меняются, поэтому при работе рекомендуется использовать диспетчер версий.

NVM — самый распространенный диспетчер версий, но, к сожалению, в Windows он не доступен, и вместо него используется адаптированный вариант nvm-windows. 

1. Зайдите в репозиторий nvm-windows на github.
2. Загрузите установщик nvm-setup.exe последней версии диспетчера.
3. После загрузки осуществите установку.
4. По окончании работы установщика откройте PowerShell от имени администратора и проверьте работоспособность NVM:

PS C:\Windows\system32 > nvm list
No installations recognized.

Теперь нужно выбрать версию Node.js, которую вы будете устанавливать на свой компьютер. Команда nvm list available покажет частичный список доступных для загрузки версий:

Если для вашего проекта не требуется определенная версия, то рекомендуется выбрать последний LTS-выпуск. Риск возникновения проблем при работе с такой версией минимален. Если же вы хотите протестировать нововведения и улучшенные возможности, то вы можете загрузить последнюю версию. При этом не стоит забывать, что риск возникновения проблем с новейшей версией выше.

Установим последний LTS. Возьмем номер версии из результата nvm list available и установим его с помощью nvm install:

PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm install 16.17.0
Downloading node.js version 16.17.0 (64-bit)...
Extracting...
Complete
Creating C:\Users\Timeweb\AppData\Roaming\nvm\temp
Downloading npm version 8.15.0… Complete
Installing npm v8.15.0…
Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type
nvm use 16.17.0

Установка завершена. В ряде случаев при установке nvm-windows может возникнуть проблема: nvm не загрузит диспетчер пакетов NPM. В этом случае рекомендуем воспользоваться следующим способом установки.

Как установить node.js с помощью официального установщика

1. Зайдите на официальный сайт nodejs.org в раздел «Загрузка».
2. Выберите и загрузите нужную версию.
3. По завершению загрузки откройте файл, после чего начнется установка.
4. Следуйте инструкциям установщика.

Установка node.js в WSL2

Если вы хотите использовать Node.js вместе с Docker, планируете работать с командной строке Bash или просто любите Linux, то имеет смысл задуматься об установке среды выполнения в WSL2. 

WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) — это программная прослойка для запуска приложений, созданных под Linux-системы, на ОС Windows. Возможно, вам уже приходилось работать в WSL с приложениями, у которых нет Windows-версий. Ранее мы уже рассматривали установку Node.js на Ubuntu 20.04. Поэтому в этом разделе будет размещена инструкция по установке WSL 2 — об установке Node.js на Ubuntu читайте в статье «Как установить Node.js в Ubuntu 20.04». 

Алгоритм установки WSL2 в Windows 10 зависит от версии операционной системы. Чтобы её узнать, нажмите Win+R и введите winver. После этого откроется такое окно:

Алгоритм для версий старше 2004

В PowerShell от имени администратора выполняем следующие команды:

wsl --install 
wsl --set-version Ubuntu 2

Для проверки результата воспользуемся командой wsl.exe -l -v:

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> wsl.exe -l -v
  NAME      STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu    Stopped         2

Алгоритм для версий младше 2004 (как минимум потребуется ОС версии 1903)

В PowerShell (от имени администратора) активируем подсистему Windows для Linux.

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

Затем активируем функцию виртуальной машины:

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename: VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart 

После выполнения этих действий нужно перезагрузить компьютер.

Когда компьютера запустится, скачиваем и устанавливаем пакет обновлений ядра Linux. Загрузить его можно по здесь.

В PowerShell выберем 2 версию WSL в качестве основной:

wsl --set-default-version 2

Теперь скачаем какую-нибудь операционную систему на Linux. Сделать это можно прямо магазине приложений Microsoft Store:

По окончании установки вы сможете зайти в консоль установленной системы через меню поиска:

Заключение

Node.js — это популярная среда разработки, которая используется множеством крупных компаний: PayPal, Yahoo, Ebay, General Electric, Microsoft и Uber. В рамках этого материала мы рассмотрели способы как установить Node.js на Windows 10. 

NPM is the package manager for Node.js to install and build different applications; while the Node.js is the framework or you can say a base to the built application using Node javascript. It can be installed on Windows, Linux, MacOS and FreeBSD. Also available as a Node.js Docker image.

Node.js offers the creation of modules that developers or its users can install separately to extend the functions of the applications. For example, Grunt module which is JavaScript Task Runner can be installed using the NPM package manager for Node.js applications.

Step 1: Download Node.js on Windows

The first step to install the NPM is to obtain the Node.js executable file contains Node libraries for Windows 10/8/7. Go to Node official website; as we are installing the NPM & Node.js on Windows, needless to say, click on the Windows Installer (.msi). It offers both 32-bit and 64-bit version, depending on your system selects and downloads the same.

Step 2: Run the Node.js Installer

Right click on the downloaded executable msi file and click on Install option.

Step 3: Welcome to the Node.Js Setup Wizard

As soon as you get the first screen of NPM and Node.js wizard click on the Next button.

Step 4: License Agreement for Node.js

Check the box given for “I accept the terms in the License Agreement” and then click on the Next button.

Step 5: Destination folder to Install NPM and Node.js

At this point in the setup wizard, it will give you a provision to change the installation folder path for Nodejs, in case you want. Otherwise, leave the default one as it is and click on the Next button.

Step 6: NPM installation on Windows 10/8/7

All the packages that are going to be installed on Windows along with Nodejs will show at this step and one of them is NPM package manager. Leave everything as default and just click on the Next button.

Step 7: Ready to install Node.js

Everything has been set up now, what you have to do just click on the Install button.

Step 8: Check NPM and Node.js version on Command line prompt

You can check or confirm the NPM installation along with Node.js using either Command prompt or PowerShell. The command is:

node --version

npm -v

Furthermore, to use the NPM for some package installation you can use it as in the following way:

npm install <package name>

for example, here we want to install Angular CLI using the NPM package manager on Windows for Node.js app development. So, the command is:

For locally:

npm install @angular/cli

Fo Globally: -g syntax refers to the global

npm install -g @angular/cli

Step 9: NPM update command

Commands for NPM will be same for all OS. It means the update command for NPM will be the same which we use on Linux or MacOS i.e.

npm install npm@latest -g

To list all versions fo NPM you can use :

npm view npm versions --json

To install some old or specific version of NPM use this command:

npm i -g npm@version

For example, we want to install npm 5.8.0 then the command will be:

npm i -g [email protected]

Step 10: Command to upgrade npm & Node on windows

It is recommended not to upgrade unless and until the stable version Node has not been released. However, here are the commands to upgrade NPM and Nodee.js to the latest version on Windows.

First, update or upgrade the NPM to the latest version:

npm install -g npm@next

Then upgrade node to the latest available version, As you can see we got the latest beta version 11 in the following screenshot.

npm install -g node@latest

Other tutorials:

• How to Install Grunt on Windows 10/8/7
• Ways to Install bootstrap in Ubuntu using the terminal
• In Ubuntu enable ssh to connect and manage the server remotely
• Download and use VLC portable media player on Windows