Python path переменная среда windows 10

You may need to add Python to PATH if you’ve installed Python, but typing python on the command line doesn’t seem to work. You may be getting a message saying that the term python isn’t recognized, or you may end up with the wrong version of Python running.

A common fix for these problems is adding Python to the PATH environment variable. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to add Python to PATH. You’ll also learn about what PATH is and why PATH is vital for programs like the command line to be able to find your Python installation.

The steps that you’ll need to take to add something to PATH will depend significantly on your operating system (OS), so be sure to skip to the relevant section if you’re only interested in this procedure for one OS.

Note that you can use the following steps to add any program to PATH, not just Python.

How to Add Python to PATH on Windows

The first step is to locate the directory in which your target Python executable lives. The path to the directory is what you’ll be adding to the PATH environment variable.

To find the Python executable, you’ll need to look for a file called python.exe. The Python executable could be in a directory in C:\Python\ or in your AppData\ folder, for instance. If the executable were in AppData\, then the path would typically look something like this:

C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python

In your case, the <USER> part would be replaced by your currently logged-in user name.

Once you’ve found the executable, make sure it works by double-clicking it and verifying that it starts up a Python REPL in a new window.

If you’re struggling to find the right executable, you can use Windows Explorer’s search feature. The issue with the built-in search is that it’s painfully slow. To perform a super-fast full system search for any file, a great alternative is Everything:

A screenshot of the Everything program searching for "python.exe"

Those paths highlighted in yellow, namely those at \WindowsApps and \Python310, would be ideal candidates to add to PATH because they look like executables at the root level of an installation. Those highlighted in red wouldn’t be suitable because some are part of a virtual environment—you can see venv in the path—and some are shortcuts or internal Windows installations.

You may also encounter Python executables that are installed within the folder for a different program. This is due to the fact that many applications bundle their own version of Python within them. These bundled Python installations would also be unsuitable.

Once you’ve located your Python executable, open the Start menu and search for the Edit the system environment variables entry, which opens up a System Properties window. In the Advanced tab, click on the button Environment Variables. There you’ll see User and System variables, which you’ll be able to edit:

In the section entitled User Variables, double-click on the entry that says Path. Another window will pop up showing a list of paths. Click the New button and paste the path to your Python executable there. Once that’s inserted, select your newly added path and click the Move Up button until it’s at the top.

That’s it! You may need to reboot your computer for the changes to take effect, but you should now be able to call python from the command line.

For setting the PATH environment variable from the command line, check out the section on Configuring Environment Variables in the Windows Python coding setup guide. You can also find instructions in the supplemental materials:

You may also want to set up PATH on your Linux or macOS machine, or perhaps you’re using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). If so, read the next section for the procedure on UNIX-based systems.

How to Add Python to PATH on Linux and macOS

Since Python typically comes pre-installed on UNIX-based systems, the most common problem on Linux and macOS is for the wrong python to run, rather than not finding any python. That said, in this section, you’ll be troubleshooting not being able to run python at all.

The first step is locating your target Python executable. It should be a program that you can run by first navigating to the containing directory and then typing ./python on the command line.

You need to prepend the call to the Python executable with its relative path in the current folder (./) because otherwise you’ll invoke whichever Python is currently recorded on your PATH. As you learned earlier, this might not be the Python interpreter that you want to run.

Often the Python executable can be found in the /bin/ folder. But if Python is already in the /bin/ folder, then it’s most likely already on PATH because /bin/ is automatically added by the system. If this is the case, then you may want to skip to the section on the order of paths within PATH.

Since you’re probably here because you’ve installed Python but it’s still not being found when you type python on the command line, though, you’ll want to search for it in another location.

That said, it might be that /bin/ has been removed from PATH altogether, in which case you might skip forward to the section on mangaging PATH.

Once you’ve located your Python executable and are sure it’s working, take note of the path for later. Now it’s time to start the process of adding it to your PATH environment variable.

First, you’ll want to navigate to your home folder to check out what configuration scripts you have available:

You should see a bunch of configuration files that begin with a period (.). These are colloquially known as dotfiles and are hidden from ls by default.

One or two dotfiles get executed whenever you log in to your system, another one or two run whenever you start a new command-line session, and most others are used by other applications for configuration settings.

You’re looking for the files that run when you start your system or a new command-line session. They’ll probably have names similar to these:

  • .profile
  • .bash_profile
  • .bash_login
  • .zprofile
  • .zlogin

The keywords to look for are profile and login. You should, in theory, only have one of these, but if you have more than one, you may need to read the comments in them to figure out which ones run on login. For example, .profile file on Ubuntu will typically have the following comment:

# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.

So, if you have .profile but also .bash_profile, then you’ll want to use .bash_profile.

You can also use a .bashrc or .zshrc file, which are scripts that run whenever you start a new command-line session. Run command (rc) files are common places to put PATH configurations.

To add the Python path to the beginning of your PATH environment variable, you’re going to be executing a single command on the command line.

Use the following line, replacing <PATH_TO_PYTHON> with your actual path to the Python executable, and replace .profile with the login script for your system:

$ echo export PATH="<PATH_TO_PYTHON>:$PATH" >> ~/.profile

This command adds export PATH="<PATH_TO_PYTHON>:$PATH" to the end of .profile. The command export PATH="<PATH_TO_PYTHON>:$PATH" prepends <PATH_TO_PYTHON> to the PATH environment variable. It’s similar to the following operation in Python:

>>>

>>> PATH = "/home/realpython/apps:/bin"
>>> PATH = f"/home/realpython/python:{PATH}"
>>> PATH
'/home/realpython/python:/home/realpython/apps:/bin'

Since PATH is just a string separated by colons, prepending a value involves creating a string with the new path, a colon, then the old path. With this string, you set the new value of PATH.

To refresh your current command-line session, you can run the following command, replacing .profile with whichever login script you’ve chosen:

Now, you should be able to call python from the command line directly. The next time you log in, Python should automatically be added to PATH.

If you’re thinking this process seems a bit opaque, you’re not alone! Read on for more of a deep dive into what’s going on.

Understanding What PATH Is

PATH is an environment variable that contains a list of paths to folders. Each path in PATH is separated by a colon or a semicolon—a colon for UNIX-based systems and a semicolon for Windows. It’s like a Python variable with a long string as its value. The difference is that PATH is a variable accessible by almost all programs.

Programs like the command line use the PATH environment variable to find executables. For example, whenever you type the name of a program into the command line, the command line will search various places for the program. One of the places that the command line searches is PATH.

All the paths in PATH need to be directories—they shouldn’t be files or executables directly. Programs that use PATH take each directory in turn and search all the files within it. Subdirectories within directories in PATH don’t get searched, though. So it’s no good just adding your root path to PATH!

It’s also important to note that programs that use PATH typically don’t search for anything except executables. So, you can’t use PATH as a way to define shortcuts to commonly used files.

Understanding the Importance of Order Within PATH

If you type python into the command line, the command line will look in each folder in the PATH environment variable for a python executable. Once it finds one, it’ll stop searching. This is why you prepend the path to your Python executable to PATH. Having the newly added path first ensures that your system will find this Python executable.

A common issue is having a failed Python installation on your PATH. If the corrupted executable is the first one that the command line comes across, then the command line will try and run that and then abort any further searching. The quick fix for this is just adding your new Python directory before the old Python directory, though you’d probably want to clean your system of the bad Python installation too.

Reordering PATH on Windows is relatively straightforward. You open the GUI control panel and adjust the order using the Move Up and Move Down buttons. If you’re on a UNIX-based operating system, however, the process is more involved. Read on to learn more.

Managing Your PATH on UNIX-based Systems

Usually, your first task when managing your PATH is to see what’s in there. To see the value of any environment variable in Linux or macOS, you can use the echo command:

$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/home/realpython/badpython:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

Note that the $ symbol is used to tell the command line that the following identifier is a variable. The issue with this command is that it just dumps all the paths on one line, separated by colons. So you might want to take advantage of the tr command to translate colons into newlines:

$ echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/sbin
/home/realpython/badpython
/usr/bin
/sbin
/bin
/usr/games
/usr/local/games

In this example, you can see that badpython is present in PATH. The ideal course of action would be to perform some PATH archaeology and figure out where it gets added to PATH, but for now, you just want to remove it by adding something to your login script .

Since PATH is a shell string, you don’t have access to convenient methods to remove parts of it, like you would if it were a Python list. That said, you can pipe together a few shell commands to achieve something similar:

export PATH=`echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n" | grep -v 'badpython' | tr "\n" ":"`

This command takes the list from the previous command and feeds it into grep, which, together with the -v switch, will filter out any lines containing the substring badpython. Then you can translate the newlines back to colons, and you have a new and valid PATH string that you use right away to replace your old PATH string.

Though this can be a handy command, the ideal solution would be to figure out where that bad path gets added. You could try looking at other login scripts or examine specific files in /etc/. In Ubuntu, for instance, there’s a file called environment, which typically defines a starting path for the system. In macOS, that might be /etc/paths. There can also be profile files and folders in /etc/ that might contain startup scripts.

The main difference between configurations in /etc/ and in your home folder is that what’s in /etc/ is system-wide, while whatever’s in your home folder will be scoped to your user.

It can often involve a bit of archeology to track down where something gets added to your PATH, though. So, you may want to add a line in your login or rc script that filters out certain entries from PATH as a quick fix.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to add Python, or any other program, to your PATH environment variable on Windows, Linux, and macOS. You also learned a bit more about what PATH is and why its internal order is vital to consider. Finally, you also discovered how you might manage your PATH on a UNIX-based system, seeing as it’s more complex than managing your PATH on Windows.

Python is a great language! However, it doesn’t come pre-installed with Windows. Hence we download it to interpret the Python code which we write. But wait, windows don’t know where you have installed the Python so when trying to any Python code, you will get an error.

We will be using Windows10 and python3 for this article. (Most of the part is same for any other version of either windows or python)

Add Python to Windows Path

First, we need to locate where the python is being installed after downloading it. Press WINDOWS key and search for “Python”, you will get something like this:

Add Python to Windows Path

If no results appear then Python is not installed on your machine, download it before proceeding further. Click on open file location and you will be in a location where Python is installed, Copy the location path from the top by clicking over it.

Add Python to Windows Path

Now, we have to add the above-copied path as a variable so that windows can recognize. Search for “Environmental Variables”, you will see something like this:

Add Python to Windows Path

Click on that

Add Python to Windows Path

Now click the “Environmental Variables” button

Add Python to Windows Path

There will be two categories namely “User” and “System”, we have to add it in Users, click on New button in the User section. Now, add a Variable Name and Path which we copied previously and click OK. That’s it, DONE!

Check if the Environment variable is set or not

Now, after adding the Python to the Environment variable, let’s check if the Python is running anywhere in the windows or not. To do this open CMD and type Python. If the environment variable is set then the Python command will run otherwise not.

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21 Apr, 2020

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Steps to add Python to PATH

Below are the steps we must take to add python to our PATH variable.

  1. First, we must find the directory where we installed Python. A typical installation would have the following path, C:\Users\MyUserName\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310

  2. Now, we will need to add this to the PATH variable, we right click on «This PC» and go to «Properties».

  3. Then, we click on the «Advanced system settings» in the menu on the left.going

  4. In the bottom right, we can see a button labeled «Environment Variables». We will click on it to open another window to edit these variables.

  5. Now, we select the «Path variable» in the «System variables» section and click «Edit». The next screen will show all the directories currently part of the PATH variable.

  6. Another window opens up where we can see all the paths for the currently configured system variables. To add a new path for our Python program, we will click on the «New» button on the right side and paste the path in Step 1

  7. We have successfully added the path for our Python program to our system’s environment variables. The best practice is to restart the system afterward for the change to occur.

  8. Now, we can verify if the PATH variable was configured correctly by opening up the terminal and entering the command python --version.

After all the following steps are completed, when we run the command on the command prompt, we should get a similar output to the one shown below

  1. 1. Настройка локальной среды
  2. 2. Получение Python
    1. 1. Платформа Windows
    2. 2. Платформа Linux
    3. 3. Mac OS
  3. 3. Настройка PATH
    1. 1. Настройка PATH в Unix / Linux
    2. 2. Настройка PATH в Windows
    3. 3. Переменные среды Python
    4. 4. Запуск Python
      1. 1. Интерактивный интерпретатор
      2. 2. Скрипт из командной строки
      3. 3. Интегрированная среда разработки

Python 3 доступен для Windows, Mac OS и большинства вариантов операционной системы Linux.

Настройка локальной среды

Откройте окно терминала и введите «python», чтобы узнать, установлен ли он и какая версия установлена.

Получение Python

Платформа Windows

Бинарники последней версии Python 3 (Python 3.6.4) доступны на этой странице

загрузки

Доступны следующие варианты установки.

  • Windows x86-64 embeddable zip file
  • Windows x86-64 executable installer
  • Windows x86-64 web-based installer
  • Windows x86 embeddable zip file
  • Windows x86 executable installer
  • Windows x86 web-based installer

Примечание. Для установки Python 3.6.4 минимальными требованиями к ОС являются Windows 7 с пакетом обновления 1 (SP1). Для версий от 3.0 до 3.4.x Windows XP является приемлемым.


Платформа Linux

Различные варианты использования Linux используют разные менеджеры пакетов для установки новых пакетов.

На Ubuntu Linux Python 3 устанавливается с помощью следующей команды из терминала.

sudo apt-get install python3-minimal

Установка из исходников

Загрузите исходный tar-файл Gzipped с URL-адреса загрузки Python

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz

Extract the tarball
tar xvfz Python-3.5.1.tgz
Configure and Install:
cd Python-3.5.1
./configure --prefix = /opt/python3.5.1
make  
sudo make install

Mac OS

Загрузите установщики Mac OS с этого URL-адреса

https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/

Дважды щелкните этот файл пакета и следуйте инструкциям мастера для установки.

Самый современный и текущий исходный код, двоичные файлы, документация, новости и т.д. Доступны на официальном сайте Python —


Python Official Website

https://www.python.org/

Вы можете загрузить документацию Python со следующего сайта. Документация доступна в форматах HTML, PDF и PostScript.


Python Documentation Website

www.python.org/doc/

Настройка PATH

Программы и другие исполняемые файлы могут быть во многих каталогах. Следовательно, операционные системы предоставляют путь поиска, в котором перечислены каталоги, которые он ищет для исполняемых файлов.

Важными особенностями являются:

  • Путь хранится в переменной среды, которая является именованной строкой, поддерживаемой операционной системой. Эта переменная содержит информацию, доступную для командной оболочки и других программ.
  • Переменная пути называется PATH в Unix или Path в Windows (Unix чувствительна к регистру, Windows — нет).
  • В Mac OS установщик обрабатывает детали пути. Чтобы вызвать интерпретатор Python из любого конкретного каталога, вы должны добавить каталог Python на свой путь.

Настройка PATH в Unix / Linux

Чтобы добавить каталог Python в путь для определенного сеанса в Unix —


  • В csh shell

    — введите setenv PATH «$ PATH:/usr/local/bin/python3» и нажмите Enter.

  • В оболочке bash (Linux)

    — введите PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/bin/python3.4 и нажмите Enter.

  • В оболочке sh или ksh

    — введите PATH = «$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python3» и нажмите Enter.

Примечание.

/usr/local/bin/python3

— это путь к каталогу Python.

Настройка PATH в Windows

Чтобы добавить каталог Python в путь для определенного сеанса в Windows —

  • В командной строке введите путь

    %path%;C:\Python

    и нажмите Enter.

Примечание.

C:\Python

— это путь к каталогу Python.

Переменные среды Python

S.No. Переменная и описание
1
PYTHONPATH

Он играет роль, подобную PATH. Эта переменная сообщает интерпретатору Python, где можно найти файлы модулей, импортированные в программу. Он должен включать каталог исходной библиотеки Python и каталоги, содержащие исходный код Python. PYTHONPATH иногда задается установщиком Python.
2
PYTHONSTARTUP

Он содержит путь к файлу инициализации, содержащему исходный код Python. Он выполняется каждый раз, когда вы запускаете интерпретатор. Он называется как .pythonrc.py в Unix и содержит команды, которые загружают утилиты или изменяют PYTHONPATH.
3
PYTHONCASEOK

Он используется в Windows, чтобы проинструктировать Python о поиске первого нечувствительного к регистру совпадения в инструкции импорта. Установите эту переменную на любое значение, чтобы ее активировать.
4
PYTHONHOME

Это альтернативный путь поиска модуля. Он обычно встроен в каталоги PYTHONSTARTUP или PYTHONPATH, чтобы упростить библиотеку модулей коммутации.

Запуск Python

Существует три разных способа запуска Python —

Интерактивный интерпретатор

Вы можете запустить Python из Unix, DOS или любой другой системы, которая предоставляет вам интерпретатор командной строки или окно оболочки.

Введите

python

в командной строке.

Начните кодирование сразу в интерактивном интерпретаторе.

$python             # Unix/Linux
or 
python%             # Unix/Linux
or 
C:>python           # Windows/DOS

Вот список всех доступных параметров командной строки —

S.No. Вариант и описание
1
-d

предоставлять отладочную информацию
2
-O

генерировать оптимизированный байт-код (приводящий к .pyo-файлам)
3
-S

не запускайте сайт импорта, чтобы искать пути Python при запуске
4
-v

подробный вывод (подробная трассировка по операциям импорта)
5
-X

отключить встроенные исключения на основе классов (просто используйте строки); устаревший, начиная с версии 1.6
6
-c cmd

запустить скрипт Python, отправленный в виде строки cmd
7
file

запустить скрипт Python из заданного файла

Скрипт из командной строки

Сценарий Python можно запустить в командной строке, вызвав интерпретатор в вашем приложении, как показано в следующем примере.

$python  script.py          # Unix/Linux
or 
python% script.py           # Unix/Linux
or 
C:>python script.py         # Windows/DOS

Примечание. Убедитесь, что права файлов разрешают выполнение.

Интегрированная среда разработки

Вы можете запустить Python из среды графического интерфейса пользователя (GUI), если у вас есть приложение GUI в вашей системе, которое поддерживает Python.

Для разработки Python приложений рекомендую PyCharm от компании JetBrains, как наиболее развитую и удобную IDE.

Python Path is the folder in your Windows 10 computer where you will find python.exe executable. This location must be in the Windows PATH environment variable or you will get an error, such as python is not recognized as an internal or external command, when you try to run the python command.

If you used the chocolatey package manager to install python, then the path should be something like C:\Python38.

The chocolatey package manager automatically adds Python to the PATH environment variable.

The chocolatey package manager automatically adds Python to the PATH environment variable. If you are not sure, open a command prompt and type python -V. You should get the python version.

If you install python through the executable downloaded from the python website, then the path should be in your Windows 10 user directory under the AppData folder which is a hidden folder (C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python38).

How to add Python to PATH in Windows 10

We can add Python to Path manually in Windows 10 by opening the Control Panel and selecting System and Security. Then choose System.

We can add Python to Path manually in Windows 10

Click Advanced System Settings and then click Environment Variables under the Advanced tab.

Windows 10 Environment Variables

Under the System variables, select the Path variable and click Edit.

add python to environment variables

Click the New button, and paste the full path to your python folder in the text box that appears.

add python to path windows 10

Close the command prompt and open a new one before entering the python command.

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