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Windows Server 2003

Version of the Windows NT operating system

Screenshot of Windows Server 2003, showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on
Developer Microsoft
OS family Windows Server
Working state No longer supported
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to
manufacturing		 March 28, 2003; 20 years ago[1]
General
availability		 April 24, 2003; 20 years ago[2]
Latest release Service Pack 2 (5.2.3790.3959) / March 13, 2007; 16 years ago[3]
Marketing target Business and Server
Update method Windows Update
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default
user interface		 Windows shell (Graphical)
License Trialware[4] and volume licensing,[5] with client access licenses[6]
Preceded by Windows 2000 Server (1999)
Succeeded by Windows Server 2008 (2008)
Official website Windows Server 2003 (archived at Wayback Machine)
Support status
All editions except Windows Storage Server 2003 and Windows Small Business Server 2003 (including R2):
Mainstream support ended on July 13, 2010
Extended support ended on July 14, 2015[7][8][9]

Windows Storage Server 2003 (including R2):
Mainstream support ended on October 11, 2011
Extended support ended on October 9, 2016[10][11]

Windows Small Business Server 2003 (including R2):
Mainstream support ended on April 12, 2011
Extended support ended on April 12, 2016[12][13]

Installing Service Pack 1 is required for all users for receiving updates and support after April 10, 2007.[7] Installing Service Pack 2 is required for all users for receiving updates and support after April 14, 2009.[7][8]

Windows Server 2003, codenamed «Whistler Server», is the second version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and was released to manufacturing on March 28, 2003[14] and generally available on April 24, 2003.[15] Windows Server 2003 is the successor to the Server editions of Windows 2000 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008.[16][17] An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005.[18] Windows Server 2003 is based on the consumer operating system, Windows XP.[19]

Windows Server 2003’s kernel has also been used in Windows XP 64-bit Edition and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, and was the starting point for the development of Windows Vista.[20]

Windows Server 2003 is the final version of Windows Server that supports processors without ACPI. Its successor, Windows Server 2008, requires a processor with ACPI in any supported architecture (x86, x64 and Itanium).

As of July 2016, 18% of organizations used servers that were running Windows Server 2003.[21]

Overview[edit]

Windows Server 2003 is the follow-up to Windows 2000 Server, incorporating compatibility and other features from Windows XP. Unlike Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003’s default installation has none of the server components enabled, to reduce the attack surface of new machines. Windows Server 2003 includes compatibility modes to allow older applications to run with greater stability. It was made more compatible with Windows NT 4.0 domain-based networking. Windows Server 2003 brought in enhanced Active Directory compatibility and better deployment support to ease the transition from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional.[22]

Windows Server 2003 is the first server edition of Windows to support the IA64 and x64 architectures.[23]

The product went through several name changes during the course of development. When first announced in 2000, it was known by its codename «Whistler Server»; it was named «Windows 2002 Server» for a brief time in mid-2001, followed by «Windows .NET Server» and «Windows .NET Server 2003». After Microsoft chose to focus the «.NET» branding on the .NET Framework, the OS was finally released as «Windows Server 2003».[24]

Development[edit]

Windows Server 2003 was the first Microsoft Windows version which was thoroughly subjected to semi-automated testing for bugs with a software system called PREfast[25] developed by computer scientist Amitabh Srivastava at Microsoft Research.[26] The automated bug checking system was first tested on Windows 2000 but not thoroughly.[25] Amitabh Srivastava’s PREfast found 12% of Windows Server 2003’s bugs, the remaining 88% being found by human computer programmers.[25] Microsoft employs more than 4,700 programmers who work on Windows, 60% of whom are software testers[26] whose job is to find bugs in Windows source code. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates stated that Windows Server 2003 was Microsoft’s «most rigorously tested software to date.»[26]

Microsoft used Windows Server 2003’s kernel in the development of Windows Vista.[20]

Changes[edit]

Manage Your Server

Several improvements and new features have been added to Windows Server 2003.

Internet Information Services (IIS) has been upgraded to v6.0.[27]There have also been significant improvements to Message Queuing and to Active Directory, such as the ability to deactivate classes from the schema, or to run multiple instances of the directory server (ADAM).[28] There was also a notable change in the ability to create a rescue disk, which was removed in favor of Automated System Recovery (ASR).[29]Other Improvements to Group Policy handling and administration[30] have also been made. For the first time in the history of Windows Server, a backup system to restore lost files has been created[31] together with improved disk management, including the ability to back up from shadows of files, allowing the backup of open files.[32]Another important area where improvements have been made are the scripting and command line tools, with the improvements being part of Microsoft’s initiative to bring a complete command shell to the next version of Windows.[33] Other notable new features include support for a hardware-based «watchdog timer», which can restart the server if the operating system does not respond within a certain amount of time.[34] On this version of Windows Server the Themes service is disabled by default, defaulting to the appearance of previous Windows versions (such as Windows 2000).[35]

Editions[edit]

Windows Server 2003 comes in a number of editions, each targeted towards a particular size and type of business.[36][37] In general, all variants of Windows Server 2003 have the ability to share files and printers, act as an application server, host message queues, provide email services, authenticate users, act as an X.509 certificate server, provide LDAP directory services, serve streaming media, and to perform other server-oriented functions.[38][39][40][41]

Supported hardware capabilities across editions of Windows Server 2003[42]

Criteria Web Standard Enterprise Datacenter
Maximum physical CPUs 2 4 8 64
Maximum RAM IA-32 x86 2 GB 4 GB 64 GB
x64 — 32 GB 1 TB
IA-64 Itanium — — 2 TB

Web[edit]

Windows Server 2003 Web is meant for building and hosting Web applications, Web pages, and XML web services. It is designed to be used primarily as an IIS web server[43] and provides a platform for developing and deploying XML Web services and applications that use ASP.NET technology. Domain controller and Terminal Services functionality are not included on Web Edition. However, Remote Desktop for Administration is available. Only 10 concurrent file-sharing connections are allowed at any moment.[citation needed] It is not possible to install Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange software in this edition without installing Service Pack 1[citation needed]. Despite supporting XML Web services and ASP.NET, UDDI cannot be deployed on Windows Server 2003 Web[citation needed]. The .NET Framework version 2.0 is not included with Windows Server 2003 Web, but can be installed as a separate update from Windows Update.[citation needed]

Windows Server 2003 Web supports a maximum of two physical processors and a maximum of 2 GB of RAM.[42] It is the only edition of Windows Server 2003 that does not require any client access license (CAL) when used as the internet facing server front-end for Internet Information Services and Windows Server Update Services. When using it for storage or as a back-end with another remote server as the front-end, CALs may still be required.[43][clarification needed]

Standard[edit]

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Standard is aimed towards small to medium-sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing, offers secure Internet connectivity, and allows centralized desktop application deployment. A specialized variant for the x64 architecture was released in April 2005.[44] The IA-32 variants supports up to four physical processors and up to 4 GB RAM;[42] the x64 variant is capable of addressing up to 32 GB of RAM[42] and also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access.

Enterprise[edit]

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise is aimed towards medium to large businesses. It is a full-function server operating system that supports up to 8 physical processors and provides enterprise-class features such as eight-node clustering using Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS) software and support for up to 64 GB of RAM through PAE.[42] Enterprise Edition also comes in specialized variants for the x64 and Itanium architectures. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 and Itanium variants are capable of addressing up to 1 TB and 2 TB of RAM,[42] respectively. This edition also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA). It also provides the ability to hot-add supported hardware. Windows Server 2003 Enterprise is also the required edition to issue custom certificate templates.[citation needed]

Datacenter[edit]

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter is designed[45] for infrastructures demanding high security and reliability. Windows Server 2003 is available for IA-32, Itanium, and x64 processors. It supports a maximum of 32 physical processors on IA-32 platform or 64 physical processors on x64 and IA-64 hardware. IA-32 variants of this edition support up to 64 GB of RAM.[42] With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 variants support up to 1 TB while the IA-64 variants support up to 2 TB of RAM.[42] Windows Server 2003 Datacenter also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis.

This edition has better support for storage area networks (SANs): It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the application.[citation needed]

The Datacenter edition, like the Enterprise edition, supports 8-node clustering.[citation needed] Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations by distributing and replicating the service among many servers. This edition supports clustering with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or with all cluster nodes connected to a common SAN.

Derivatives[edit]

Windows Compute Cluster Server[edit]

Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003 (CCS), released in June 2006, is designed for high-end applications that require high performance computing clusters. It is designed to be deployed on numerous computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds. Each Compute Cluster Server network comprises at least one controlling head node and subordinate processing nodes that carry out most of the work.[46]

Compute Cluster Server has a built-in Message Passing Interface, the Microsoft Messaging Passing Interface v2 (MS-MPI) which is used to communicate between the processing nodes on the cluster network. Alternative MPI Stacks can also be used with the OS.[47]It ties nodes together with a powerful inter-process communication mechanism which can be complex because of communications between hundreds or even thousands of processors working in parallel.

The application programming interface consists of over 160 functions. A job launcher enables users to execute jobs to be executed in the computing cluster. MS MPI was designed to be compatible with the reference open source MPI2 specification which is widely used in High-performance computing (HPC). With some exceptions because of security considerations, MS MPI covers the complete set of MPI2 functionality as implemented in MPICH2, except for the planned future features of dynamic process spawn and publishing.[48]

Windows Storage Server[edit]

Windows Storage Server 2003, a part of the Windows Server 2003 series, is a specialized server operating system for network-attached storage (NAS).[49] Launched in 2003 at Storage Decisions in Chicago, it is optimized for use in file and print sharing and also in storage area network (SAN) scenarios. It is only available through Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).[50] Unlike other Windows Server 2003 editions that provide file and printer sharing functionality, Windows Storage Server 2003 does not require any CAL.[51]

Windows Storage Server 2003 NAS equipment can be headless, which means that they are without any monitors, keyboards or mice, and are administered remotely.[52] Such devices are plugged into any existing IP network and the storage capacity is available to all users. Windows Storage Server 2003 can use RAID arrays to provide data redundancy, fault-tolerance and high performance.[53] Multiple such NAS servers can be clustered to appear as a single device, which allows responsibility for serving clients to be shared in such a way that if one server fails then other servers can take over (often termed a failover) which also improves fault-tolerance.[54]

Windows Storage Server 2003 can also be used to create a Storage Area Network, in which the data is transferred in terms of chunks rather than files, thus providing more granularity to the data that can be transferred. This provides higher performance to database and transaction processing applications. Windows Storage Server 2003 also allows NAS devices to be connected to a SAN.[citation needed]

Windows Storage Server 2003 led to a second release named Windows Storage Server 2003 R2. This release adds file-server performance optimization, Single Instance Storage (SIS), and index-based search. Single instance storage (SIS) scans storage volumes for duplicate files, and moves the duplicate files to the common SIS store. The file on the volume is replaced with a link to the file. This substitution reduces the amount of storage space required, by as much as 70%.[55]

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 provides an index-based, full-text search based on the indexing engine already built into Windows server.[55] The updated search engine speeds up indexed searches on network shares. This edition also provides filters for searching many standard file formats, such as ZIP archives, AutoCAD models, XML documents, MP3 audio files, PDF documents, and all Microsoft Office file formats.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 includes built in support for Windows SharePoint Services and Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server, and adds a Storage Management snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console. It can be used to manage storage volumes centrally, including DFS shares, on servers running Windows Storage Server R2.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 can be used as an iSCSI target with standard and enterprise editions of Windows Storage Server 2003 R2, incorporating WinTarget iSCSI technology which Microsoft acquired in 2006 by from StringBean software.[56][57] This will be an add-on feature available for purchase through OEM partners as an iSCSI feature pack, or is included in some versions of WSS as configured by OEMs.

Windows Storage Server 2003 can be promoted to function as a domain controller; however, this edition is not licensed to run directory services. It can be joined to an existing domain as a member server.[58]

Features[edit]

  • Distributed File System (DFS): Allows multiple network shares to be aggregated as a virtual file system.
  • Support for SAN and iSCSI: Allows computers to connect to a Storage Server over the LAN, without the need for a separate fibre channel network, thus a Storage Area Network can be created over the LAN itself. iSCSI uses the SCSI protocol to transfer data as a block of bytes, rather than as a file. This increases performance of the Storage network in some scenarios, such as using a database server.
  • Virtual Disc Service: Allows NAS devices, RAID devices and SAN shares to be exposed and managed as if they were normal hard drives.
  • JBOD systems: JBOD (Just a bunch of discs) systems, by using VDS, can manage a group of individual storage devices as a single unit. There is no need for the storage units to be of the same maker and model.
  • Software and Hardware RAID: Windows Storage Server 2003 has intrinsic support for hardware implementation of RAID. In case hardware support is not available, it can use software enabled RAID. In that case, all processing is done by the OS.
  • Multi Path IO (MPIO): It provides an alternate connection to IO devices in case the primary path is down.

Editions[edit]

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 was available in the following editions:[59][60]

Express Workgroup Standard Enterprise
Number of physical CPUs[i] 1 1–4 1–64
x64 variants available Yes Yes Yes Yes
Numbers of disk drives 2 4 Unlimited
NICs 1 2
Print service No Yes Yes Yes
CALs required No No No No
Clustering No No No Yes
iSCSI target support Optional Optional Optional Optional
  1. ^ Microsoft defines a physical CPU/processor as a single socket/node on the systemboard. For O/S licensing purposes, a dual-socket single-core (Intel Pentium/4 Xeon, AMD Athlon/64) system counts as a total of 2 processors, whereas a single-socket quad-core CPU (such as AMD’s Opteron and Intel’s Xeon) counts as 1 processor. Microsoft’s policy has no bearing on how third-party software vendors (such as Oracle) administer CPU licensing for its server applications.

Windows Unified Data Storage Server is a variant of Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 with iSCSI target support standard, available in only the standard and enterprise editions.[61]

Windows Small Business Server[edit]

Windows Small Business Server (SBS) is a software suite which includes Windows Server and additional technologies aimed at providing a small business with a complete technology solution.

The Standard edition of SBS includes Microsoft Remote Web Workplace, Windows SharePoint Services, Microsoft Exchange Server, Fax Server, Active Directory, a basic firewall, DHCP server and network address translation capabilities. The Premium edition of SBS adds Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and Microsoft ISA Server 2004.

SBS has its own type of CAL that is different and costs slightly more than CALs for the other editions of Windows Server 2003. However, the SBS CAL encompasses the user CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL Server and ISA Server, and hence is less expensive than buying all other CALs individually.

SBS has the following design limitations, mainly affecting Active Directory:[62]

  • Only one computer in a Windows Server domain can be running SBS
  • SBS must be the root of the Active Directory forest
  • SBS cannot trust any other domains
  • SBS is limited to 75 users or devices depending on the type of CAL
  • SBS is limited to a maximum of 4 GB of RAM (Random Access Memory)
  • SBS domains cannot have any child domains
  • Terminal Services only operates in remote administration mode on SBS, meaning that only two simultaneous RDP sessions are allowed[63]

To remove the limitations from an instance of SBS and upgrade to regular Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL and ISA Server, there is a Windows Small Business Server 2003 R2 Transition Pack.[64]

Windows Home Server[edit]

Windows Home Server (WHS) is an operating system from Microsoft based on Windows Small Business Server 2003 SP2.[65] Windows Home Server was announced on January 7, 2007, at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates and is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.[66]

Windows Home Server began shipment to OEMs on September 15, 2007.[67]

Windows Server for Embedded Systems[edit]

Windows Server 2003 for Embedded Systems replaced «Windows 2000 Server for Embedded Systems». Intended use was for building firewall, VPN caching servers and similar appliances.[68] Variants were available with «Server Appliance Software» and with «Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server» [69]

Availability of the original version ended May 28, 2003. Availability of R2 ended March 5, 2006. End of extended support was July 14, 2015 (all variants except Storage Server[10]), and End of Licence was May 28, 2018 (R2 and original).[70] The End of Licence date is the last date that OEM’s may distribute systems using this version. All variants continued to receive Critical security updates until the end of extended support:[71]

Release 2 for Embedded Systems was available in 32 and 64 bit variants, Standard (1-4 CPU) and Enterprise (1-8 CPU):[72]

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition[edit]

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was released less than a month after Windows Server 2003 SP1,[73] and used the same kernel and source code tree. While many features of the 32-bit variant of Windows XP were brought over into Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, other limitations imposed by constraints such as only supporting 64-bit drivers, and support for 16-bit programs being dropped led to incompatibilities with the 32-bit Windows XP editions available. It later received a Service Pack update as part of the release of Windows Server 2003 SP2.[citation needed]

Updates[edit]

Service Pack 1[edit]

On March 30, 2005, Microsoft released Service Pack 1 for Windows Server 2003. Among the improvements are many of the same updates that were provided to Windows XP users with Service Pack 2. Features that are added with Service Pack 1 include:

  • Security Configuration Wizard, which is a tool that allows administrators to more easily research, and make changes to, security policies.[74]
  • Hot Patching, a feature made to extend Windows Server 2003’s ability to take DLL, Driver, and non-kernel patches without a reboot.
  • IIS 6.0 Metabase Auditing, a feature allows the tracking of metabase edits.[75]
  • Windows Firewall, which brings many of the improvements from Windows XP Service Pack 2 to Windows Server 2003; also with the Security Configuration Wizard, it allows administrators to more easily manage the incoming open ports, as it will automatically detect and select default roles.
  • Other networking improvements include support for Wireless Provisioning Services, better IPv6 support, and new protections against SYN flood TCP attacks.[76]
  • Post-Setup Security Updates, a panel which is shown only when the operating system is first installed. This window allows you to configure and update your server, and halts incoming connections until it is closed.
  • Data Execution Prevention (DEP), a feature to add support for the No Execute (NX) bit which helps to prevent buffer overflow exploits that are often the attack vector of Windows Server exploits.[77]
  • Windows Media Player version 10
  • Internet Explorer 6 SV1[78] (e.g. ‘IE6 SP2’)
  • Support for fixed disks bearing data organized using the GUID Partition Table system[79]

A full list of updates is available in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.[80]

Service Pack 2[edit]

Service Pack 2 for Windows Server 2003 was released on March 13, 2007.[81] The release date was originally scheduled for the first half of 2006.[81] On June 13, 2006, Microsoft made an initial test version of Service Pack 2 available to Microsoft Connect users, with a build number of 2721. This was followed by build 2805, known as Beta 2 Refresh. The final build is 3790.

Microsoft has described Service Pack 2 as a «standard» service pack release containing previously released security updates, hotfixes, and reliability and performance improvements.[82] In addition, Service Pack 2 contains Microsoft Management Console 3.0, Windows Deployment Services (which replaces Remote Installation Services), support for WPA2, and improvements to IPsec and MSConfig. Service Pack 2 also adds Windows Server 2003 Scalable Networking Pack (SNP),[83] which allows hardware acceleration for processing network packets, thereby enabling faster throughput. SNP was previously available as an out-of-band update for Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1.

Windows Server 2003 R2[edit]

Windows Server 2003 R2 is an updated release of Windows Server 2003, which contains a copy of Windows Server 2003 SP1 on one CD and a host of optionally installed new features on another disc, similar to Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95.[84] It was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005, for IA-32 and x64 platforms, but not for IA-64.[85] It was succeeded by Windows Server 2008.

New features of Windows Server 2003 R2 include:[86]

  • .NET Framework 2.0, which replaces the .NET Framework 1.0 included with the standard releases
  • Active Directory Federation Services, a single sign-on solution for Active Directory Services
  • Microsoft Management Console version 3.0. Additionally, several new snap-ins are included:
    • Print Management Console, for managing print servers
    • File Server Resource Manager, for managing disk quotas on file servers
    • Storage Manager for SANs, for managing LUNs
  • A new version of Distributed File System that includes remote differential compression technology
  • Microsoft Virtual Server 2005, a hypervisor and the precursor to Hyper-V
  • Windows Services for UNIX, a UNIX environment for Windows

Support lifecycle[edit]

On July 13, 2010, Windows Server 2003’s mainstream support expired and the extended support phase began. During the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide security updates; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes are no longer being offered.[87] Extended support lasted until July 14, 2015.[87] Mainstream support for Small Business Server edition ended on April 12, 2011 and extended support ended on April 12, 2016. Mainstream support for Storage Server edition ended on October 11, 2011 and extended support ended on October 9, 2016.

Although Windows Server 2003 is unsupported, Microsoft released an emergency security patch in May 2017 for the OS as well as other unsupported versions of Windows (including Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 RTM without a service pack), to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.[88][89]

In 2020, Microsoft announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints. Since Windows Server 2003 did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020.[90] However, as of April 2021, the old updates for Windows Server 2003 are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog,[91] or through Legacy Update, a community-driven third party replacement for the Windows Server 2003 update servers.[92]

Source code leak[edit]

On September 23, 2020, the Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 source code was leaked onto the imageboard 4chan by an unknown user. Anonymous users from managed to compile the Windows Server 2003 source code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine,[93] but was removed from the platform on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components.[94][95] The original leak itself was spread using magnet links and torrent files whose payload originally included Server 2003 and XP source code and which was later updated by additional files among which were previous leaks of Microsoft products, its patents, media about conspiracy theories about Bill Gates by anti-vaccination movements and an assortment of PDF files on different topics.[96]

Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks.[97][98][99]

See also[edit]

  • BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
  • Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of Microsoft Windows
  • List of operating systems
  • Microsoft Servers

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External links[edit]

  • Windows Server 2003 on Microsoft TechNet
  • Windows Server 2003 Downloads on Microsoft TechNet
  • Windows Server Performance Team Blog Archived 2010-05-04 at the Wayback Machine
  • Kernel comparison with Linux 2.6 by David Solomon, Mark Russinovich, and Andreas Polze
Источник

Russian

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_cd1_x13-38966.iso
Размер: 604.74 MB (634116096 байт)
MD5: 29a9870c3b38d5035e3f37f4a2c09a5e
SHA-1: 3da736ca5cb478253596a3023f39d1cd9522346f
SHA-256: b1e28fc1ad591026119660ddc1ebdaf7770fc00ded45739efbc16b105c025559

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_cd2_x13-38990.iso
Размер: 124.012 MB (130035712 байт)
MD5: d9ea6ffd560a99baf8171353f5adc644
SHA-1: 434342a4b5e2ada781531ad4a8464c84c0eaa110
SHA-256: 6a3d6c85e4830536ae4f9273429763273841a60462dc42168a63d9a3cf98cc3b

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-46484.iso
Размер: 604.74 MB (634116096 байт)
MD5: cc16d0be1ba4a5976c72975af2a05013
SHA-1: f1bf64f60a15dca2b76339350e638d24678456d0
SHA-256: c9ff076913290d121197360460d85560b748d9a47e159c44be373195666a28b3

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-38990.iso
Размер: 124.012 MB (130035712 байт)
MD5: d9ea6ffd560a99baf8171353f5adc644
SHA-1: 434342a4b5e2ada781531ad4a8464c84c0eaa110
SHA-256: 6a3d6c85e4830536ae4f9273429763273841a60462dc42168a63d9a3cf98cc3b

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_cd1_x13-40437.iso
Размер: 610.793 MB (640462848 байт)
MD5: 70efcff5d33e36c6fabf2e68edd32594
SHA-1: bd77b465b2107155c3994236ab16f7230de93f36
SHA-256: 1f095c63b5c19232d3a68a4648fcaf16fa21e0e4e4619568a2ee43721b5cf21b

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_cd2_x13-40440.iso
Размер: 171.332 MB (179654656 байт)
MD5: 4a33819596742a171e8a1ee86fe77333
SHA-1: b192a0ef403b09f2d64ad07d936ba7db2a991f42
SHA-256: 6a53141de2d4b674792481036f3554461126abfceff08dfb5ebd758481221077

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-48638.iso
Размер: 610.791 MB (640460800 байт)
MD5: 76b02d4536f531f81af00a67ebb5cb90
SHA-1: c3e88c9122a855f51f15dee41a85bb88dded525e
SHA-256: 33ff8c0542cb9953ce020820760236c582270523aa545b493fcc66774f5391c7

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-40440.iso
Размер: 171.332 MB (179654656 байт)
MD5: 4a33819596742a171e8a1ee86fe77333
SHA-1: b192a0ef403b09f2d64ad07d936ba7db2a991f42
SHA-256: 6a53141de2d4b674792481036f3554461126abfceff08dfb5ebd758481221077

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_cd1_x13-40632.iso
Размер: 603.217 MB (632518656 байт)
MD5: 697e4aaedeefcb7f7d327e6e4d4311b3
SHA-1: 64919746d6445e49a022a3f2a049269ebfdc06ec
SHA-256: 22e0f27d43fe97615bab81faaafd8f7c8108f5e2378c2d2c39580683edb4803f

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_cd2_x13-40656.iso
Размер: 123.996 MB (130019328 байт)
MD5: 1e44532cfc650dea50155ccb2bad4f7c
SHA-1: 110d943fc2823454c97dbde9a0a26a8e05fb9f7e
SHA-256: f42d30986f1d0bd85c9480c0b3a2fd2af8f696b359865b1c3c8c83a3e7b7f66c

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-46584.iso
Размер: 603.217 MB (632518656 байт)
MD5: d58eb616ebc594acc2b3e0c5c4c396dc
SHA-1: df93be3c654edb6ba07210a63f9760965feefe33
SHA-256: d235f5e567ec023c0de21626f0282e3f94a7ef2fb8a2705a70420d34e30128be

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_vl_ cd2_x13-40656.iso
Размер: 123.996 MB (130019328 байт)
MD5: 1e44532cfc650dea50155ccb2bad4f7c
SHA-1: 110d943fc2823454c97dbde9a0a26a8e05fb9f7e
SHA-256: f42d30986f1d0bd85c9480c0b3a2fd2af8f696b359865b1c3c8c83a3e7b7f66c

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_cd1_x13-40701.iso
Размер: 609.344 MB (638943232 байт)
MD5: f4e1bd9f6dec4d0e6ac9a29c014cf5f6
SHA-1: b0b7397da874a13d7515707113f8a24fe6a61e3e
SHA-256: 26affb99615648c641cfc80bd3587f182c41c21def6099d7019fabec2481a178

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_cd2_x13-40704.iso
Размер: 171.322 MB (179644416 байт)
MD5: 771f1e7318d93b4012bb90ecf7a94b0b
SHA-1: 8d3a7af9f4a7c456902afcbfbc04920fd2df1c0e
SHA-256: 0dfc3a3accff2bea15bc4e778ed44dd9c8951f37d70550f8086610c48a1dda70

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-48326.iso
Размер: 609.342 MB (638941184 байт)
MD5: b6c13205fa5507f2702b422abb0aeb91
SHA-1: aceb2d92de72a994a0a8e0ffb9401fee0b42188c
SHA-256: 7da10ee085b589483ebe6d39174fe8d4a85ddf7fba4c42e9fdbad10f3cd9e7f9

Файл: ru_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-40704.iso
Размер: 171.322 MB (179644416 байт)
MD5: 771f1e7318d93b4012bb90ecf7a94b0b
SHA-1: 8d3a7af9f4a7c456902afcbfbc04920fd2df1c0e
SHA-256: 0dfc3a3accff2bea15bc4e778ed44dd9c8951f37d70550f8086610c48a1dda70

English

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_datacenter_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-46616.iso
Размер: 583.447 MB (611788800 байт)
MD5: 899f3a7324548caaafb8ad69bf0335b8
SHA-1: e1f1d97300f6d854665d3eccef05660782c06ae5
SHA-256: 5622a7848730f623284754c2d2dda26111b3d4a203b99ea57f4e1f1a7821ed84

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_datacenter_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-49318.iso
Размер: 120.668 MB (126529536 байт)
MD5: 21221e8c24427a6e7f121859d3957332
SHA-1: 4755048bea94c37488db57b98fd9070b219d95d8
SHA-256: c43de91514386a73e7803fc253bbf1bb4a87605d5f1af4f16a09c8b7de3d4e8d

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_datacenter_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-47474.iso
Размер: 617.936 MB (647952384 байт)
MD5: 3f23100da13f4ff674b40ebd6c372a5e
SHA-1: fa9be688550b535c049aa6af0b82a2b061259f22
SHA-256: caed5f38642bc50230a2db2f9abb2b72ae04f1062162c19c4c402790c3b19bff

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_datacenter_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-49386.iso
Размер: 166.785 MB (174886912 байт)
MD5: 836ec1de75f0a0fe2edb7640b5f6bab3
SHA-1: 432ff542068bccf422a4bb587d9bf6636f9b670b
SHA-256: 1ab9b395e3ba1a7e9c9d69767b97d1d77c412ded705fd579c00f72afd9d45603

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_cd1_x13-05460.iso
Размер: 595.59 MB (624521216 байт)
MD5: 7c3bc891d20c7e6a110c4f1ad82952ba
SHA-1: ee11cc735c695501874d2fa123f7d78449b3de7c
SHA-256: ddd73bbc907b45a339e1dce8e64824b72179c775232bebfe1ec58893944a94c8

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_cd2_x13-68584.iso
Размер: 121.412 MB (127309824 байт)
MD5: d95edc683cb153da5ce7808ad1b7d1c8
SHA-1: a0be7279e8692dd2ea718bdf54844e4a17acfef1
SHA-256: 29cda143da6e89ba4e8ec61b6614ed39a9f9a9169d283681ca24b5d08198245b

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-48610.iso
Размер: 595.59 MB (624521216 байт)
MD5: 40d55fd575f023c23322231474c8cb22
SHA-1: 0d0cddd29fcf8ff7456a4be8ce15698eba90d1dc
SHA-256: 32d7efbd369d10407264366ac5e45d2ff1eaea1dfc4ff3d81cc7832fe484fd35

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-68584.iso
Размер: 121.412 MB (127309824 байт)
MD5: d95edc683cb153da5ce7808ad1b7d1c8
SHA-1: a0be7279e8692dd2ea718bdf54844e4a17acfef1
SHA-256: 29cda143da6e89ba4e8ec61b6614ed39a9f9a9169d283681ca24b5d08198245b

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_cd1_x13-06188.iso
Размер: 623.883 MB (654188544 байт)
MD5: 09f4cb31796e9802dcc477e397868c9a
SHA-1: d04c8f304047397be486c38a6b769f16993d4b39
SHA-256: dd2efe904f86ace6a648446842439aa508211839c0f8afafa61055f65765ffc2

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_cd2_x13-68588.iso
Размер: 167.035 MB (175149056 байт)
MD5: 921084347757355c04b6efe6e314fa0a
SHA-1: 54b845f1e4c27c9c96aacef59b9ab19cefe1c8bc
SHA-256: 2302019e76b2b72afd45462f81383b620468b85be2cf1b4bce7aabb78b97b323

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-48614.iso
Размер: 623.756 MB (654055424 байт)
MD5: c3d79d44a9512d8fc3639570fdd2ffef
SHA-1: a747e66b5206a8a5a4904b93a273fa0df8130ca1
SHA-256: c895d3f46d4392c20ad7e8f2073a5a2040826bf8b05d1087befce8466d694b49

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_enterprise_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-68588.iso
Размер: 167.035 MB (175149056 байт)
MD5: 921084347757355c04b6efe6e314fa0a
SHA-1: 54b845f1e4c27c9c96aacef59b9ab19cefe1c8bc
SHA-256: 2302019e76b2b72afd45462f81383b620468b85be2cf1b4bce7aabb78b97b323

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_cd1_x13-04790.iso
Размер: 594.211 MB (623075328 байт)
MD5: 7c2e96e050d14def056e62d806da79e1
SHA-1: e81afc4b92ceec9bc7f722eb902cf5aca54a8bfe
SHA-256: d5c90d1529cd6b2450654a69f11607cdd0a0e3849d341d0b3318c824f973ebd6

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_cd2_x13-68583.iso
Размер: 121.797 MB (127713280 байт)
MD5: 099b4dea552813fbf07bc202cfbca39d
SHA-1: 676b184c13a344de0b28f6841ad01d8f13696f93
SHA-256: 602b0d00c636d89dd6dea6f9723788d32ca0091ac456346b51c213f877474d2b

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_vl_cd1x13-46600.iso
Размер: 594.211 MB (623075328 байт)
MD5: b721d7cd21846e3b73904990b7a9e4b7
SHA-1: 96cde4e7170164bcefb87131892337461dbda9b7
SHA-256: 9cf7cae74392b9f50af140a8a6b8a195e0c484e26b7402d11f5b9142493c687e

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-68583.iso
Размер: 121.797 MB (127713280 байт)
MD5: 099b4dea552813fbf07bc202cfbca39d
SHA-1: 676b184c13a344de0b28f6841ad01d8f13696f93
SHA-256: 602b0d00c636d89dd6dea6f9723788d32ca0091ac456346b51c213f877474d2b

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_cd1_x13-05757.iso
Размер: 622.146 MB (652367872 байт)
MD5: 384f54fbd0f3524d4cc262f5892de230
SHA-1: ff40f5478b320fde3f3c01ac4ceee06722a8dc9c
SHA-256: 74245cba888f935b138b106c2744bec7f392925b472358960a0b5643cd6abb32

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_cd2_x13-68587.iso
Размер: 167.049 MB (175163392 байт)
MD5: f0dc235b52daa9a36de90c93703c466d
SHA-1: c9da0658a9a777eb464f4f23da25bf25916dee47
SHA-256: 24dca27313bbde2d70556eb00a433b441937f8e56febe4e40d399bae1ec6d5b9

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_x13-47808.iso
Размер: 622.02 MB (652234752 байт)
MD5: 07f8b08463542d394896f23285d49e54
SHA-1: 0eb35c93f2a0f02081e8b77e981d9eb90b59db54
SHA-256: 6035c3dad07da5408749afbf99f30247b81af5a551c56cb110a32eebf180bccd

Файл: en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd2_x13-68587.iso
Размер: 167.049 MB (175163392 байт)
MD5: f0dc235b52daa9a36de90c93703c466d
SHA-1: c9da0658a9a777eb464f4f23da25bf25916dee47
SHA-256: 24dca27313bbde2d70556eb00a433b441937f8e56febe4e40d399bae1ec6d5b9

[свернуть]

Источник
Windows Server 2003

Version of Microsoft Windows
Logo
Screenshot
OS family Windows NT
Version 5.2
Codename Whistler Server
Preliminary name Windows 2002 Server[1][2]
Windows .NET Server
Windows .NET Server 2003
Architecture x86, x64, IA-64
Latest build 5.2.3790.3959
Release date 2003-04-24
Support end 2015-07-14
Client counterpart
Windows XP
Replaces
Windows 2000 Server
Replaced by
Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2003 is a major release of Windows Server released on 24 April 2003. It is the server counterpart of Windows XP, although it was released nearly 18 months after its original release and is built on a slightly newer codebase (kernel version 5.2 rather than 5.1). It was released in several editions, including Web Edition, Standard Edition, Datacenter Edition and Enterprise Edition. It replaces Windows 2000 Server and was eventually succeeded by Windows Server 2008.

A major update called Windows Server 2003 R2 was released on 6 December 2005, although unlike server versions with the R2 moniker that were in fact based on newer Windows versions, it was still built on the same codebase as the original version. The update included .NET Framework 2.0, Microsoft Management Console 3.0, Virtual Server 2005 and Windows Services for UNIX.

Several other products were built on the codebase of Windows Server 2003 R2, such as the updated version of Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows Small Business Server 2003 and Windows Home Server.

Release 2[edit | edit source]

An interim release under the name of Windows Server 2003 R2 was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005.[3] New features compared to the original release are .NET Framework 2.0, Microsoft Management Console 3.0 (including new snap-ins), Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 and Windows Services for UNIX.

Other versions[edit | edit source]

As well as the standard Windows Server 2003, several other editions were built on the NT 5.2 kernel, including Storage Server 2003 (released on 10 September 2003),[4] Storage Server 2003 R2 (released on 6 March 2006), Compute Cluster Server 2003 (released on 9 June 2006), Small Business Server 2003 R2 (released on 1 September 2006) and Unified Data Storage Server 2003 (released on 5 December 2006).

Startup sound[edit | edit source]

There is a widespread misconception that a version of Windows Server 2003 for the United Kingdom used a different startup sound. However, all versions and localizations of Windows Server 2003 use the same startup sound as in Windows XP — furthermore, Windows was not available in an English (United Kingdom) variant until Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.

Source code leak[edit | edit source]

On 23 September 2020, the source code for Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003’s RTM build was shared on 4chan’s /g/ board. As mentioned on the original post, the code had been circulating in private circles for several years at most. Due to the incompleteness of both source code repositories, primarily within the activation functionalities, it is fair to assume that the disclosure had originated from a Microsoft Partner who had access to the source code rather than Microsoft themselves. The ability to glance into the groundwork of this operating system has led to some discoveries, an example being the checks for enabling the DirectUI-based Start Page from shell\explorer\tray.cpp being usable in build 2410.

System requirements[edit | edit source]

Windows Server 2003 requires a processor with a speed of at least 550 MHz, at least 256 MB of RAM, 1.5 GB of hard drive space, a CD-ROM drive, and a Super VGA or better display adapter.

List of known builds[edit | edit source]

Build list legend

Leaked build Available build

Confirmed build Confirmed build

Unconfirmed build Unconfirmed build

Fake build Fake build

Existing page
Non-existent page

Beta 1[edit | edit source]

Beta 2[edit | edit source]

Beta 3[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 1[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 2[edit | edit source]

Pre-RTM[edit | edit source]

RTM[edit | edit source]

Service Pack 1[edit | edit source]

Beta 1[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 1[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 2[edit | edit source]

Pre-RTM[edit | edit source]

RTM[edit | edit source]

Service Pack 2[edit | edit source]

Beta[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate[edit | edit source]

Refresh[edit | edit source]

RTM[edit | edit source]

R2[edit | edit source]

Beta[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 0[edit | edit source]

Release Candidate 1[edit | edit source]

RTM[edit | edit source]

Storage Server 2003 R2[edit | edit source]

Compute Cluster Server (Compute Cluster Pack)[edit | edit source]

Beta 2[edit | edit source]

[edit | edit source]

RTM[edit | edit source]

Service Pack 1[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Microsoft. The “Server Formerly Known as Whistler” Joins Windows Family, Microsoft PressPass. 30 April 2001.
  2. ↑ Microsoft. Internal congratulatory video for Windows Server 2003 RTM release. 28 March 2003.
  3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051212140735/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2005/dec05/12-06WS03R2RTMPR.mspx
  4. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20030920074052/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2003/sep03/09-10StorageLaunchPR.asp
Источник

Аннотация: В данной лекции рассматривается введение в Windows Server 2003. Уделено внимание версиям и новым средствам Windows Server 2003

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Система Windows Server 2003 – это развитие системы Windows 2000, и она представляет
множество средств, которые были в моем «списке пожеланий», когда я работал
с Windows 2000. Для администраторов, работающих с сетями Windows 2000, развертывание
этой новой версии Windows не станет сложной задачей, поскольку основы
изменились не слишком сильно. Для администраторов, работающих с сетями
Windows NT, эта превосходно настроенная версия корпоративной операционной
системы Microsoft содержит столько инструментов администрирования и средств
управления, что у них не найдется причин для того, чтобы продолжать работать с
NT.

Версии Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 поставляется в виде следующих четырех версий (изданий):

  • Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition Server;
  • Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition (32-битная и 64-битная версии);
  • Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition (32-битная и 64-битная версии);
  • Windows Server 2003, Web Edition.

В этом разделе дается обзор наиболее примечательных средств каждой версии.

Standard Edition

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition подходит для большинства сетевых задач. Она
поддерживает четырехстороннюю симметричную мультипроцессорную обработку
(SMP) и 4 Гб RAM-памяти. Вы можете использовать Standard edition для службы
балансирования сетевой нагрузки NLB (Network Load Balancing), но не для службы
кластеров (Cluster Services), а также для размещения Terminal Server.

В крупной организации эта версия вполне подходит для файловых служб, поддерживая
распределенную файловую систему DFS (Distributed File System), шифрующую
файловую систему EFS (Encrypting File System) и теневые копии (Shadow
Copies). Вы можете также использовать Standard edition для службы дистанционной
установки RIS (Remote Installation Services) и для веб-служб. В этой версии можно
запускать все службы управления сетью, службы приложений .NET и мультимедиа.
Вы можете использовать Standard edition как универсальный сервер для подразделений
и небольших организаций. Для небольших организаций Standard edition хорошо
действует в любой роли, начиная с предоставления файловых служб и служб
печати, и вплоть до контроллера домена.

Enterprise Edition

Версия Enterprise edition «усилена», отвечая всем требованиям предприятий любого
размера. Она поддерживает восьмистороннюю SMP, 32 Гб RAM в 32-битной версии
и 64 Гб RAM в 64-битной версии. Она поддерживает кластеры серверов, содержащие до восьми узлов.

Возможности масштабирования делают эту версию подходящей для любой роли
в крупной организации как прочную базу для управления приложениями, веб-службами
(особенно при необходимости веб-кластеров) и инфраструктурой.

Примечание. Enterprise edition является заменой Windows 2000 Advanced Server.

Datacenter Edition

Как наиболее мощная система для платформы Windows, версия Datacenter edition
поддерживает 32-стороннюю SMP в 32-битной версии и 64-стороннюю SMP в 64-битной
версии. Она может работать с 64 Гб RAM в 32-битной версии и 512 Гб RAM
в 64-битной версии. В нее встроена кластеризация, предусматривающая использование
восьми узлов. Как и соответствующая версия Windows 2000, Datacenter edition
поставляется через OEM-поставщиков (изготовителей комплектного оборудования),
которые участвуют в программе Datacenter и обеспечивают соответствующую поддержку.

Web Edition

Этот новый продукт Windows предназначен для разработки и запуска веб-сайта. В
эту версию включено ПО IIS 6.0, а также другие компоненты, которые позволяют
вам размещать веб-приложения, веб-страницы и веб-службы XML. Вы не можете
использовать Web edition для работы «ферм» веб-серверов, которым требуются кластеры.
И вы не можете устанавливать любые службы управления сетью, такие как
Active Directory, службы DNS и службы DHCP (служба DNS доступна в WEB Edition 2003). Версия Web edition недоступна как
розничный продукт; вы должны приобретать ее в комплекте с машиной от OEM-поставщиков
или от партнера Microsoft System Builder.

Источник

Сегодня, 14 июля, мы окончательно прощаемся с Windows XP: прекращена поддержка Windows Server 2003, в основе которой и лежала сверхпопулярная Windows XP (а если копнуть ещё глубже, то можно обнаружить Win2k).

Согласно опубликованному на сайте Microsoft уведомлению, прекращается поддержка всех редакций Windows Server 2003 и Windows Server 2003 R2, а потому в дальнейшем не будет осуществляться публикация обновлений и исправлений, а само использование эти операционных систем будет представлять угрозу для безопасности и сохранности данных.

Впрочем, на самом деле поддержка не прекращается полностью и для тех компаний, которые, по каким-либо причинам, не произвели обновление, могут подписаться на программу Custom Support Agreement (CSA). Для таких подписчиков Microsoft продолжит выпускать критические исправления Windows Server 2003. Однако участие в ней влетит в копеечку: $600 за один сервер в течение первого года. В следующий год эта сумма удваиваются, на третий — увеличивается втрое. Поэтому компания рекомендует как можно быстрее произвести обновление до Windows Server 2012 R2.

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Следует заметить, что Windows Server 2003 и по сей день сохраняет свою популярность: в мире, по разным данным, насчитывается от 7 до 12 млн серверов, работающих под управлением этой операционной системы. Ровно также пока ещё жива и Windows XP: только согласно общедоступной статистике Steam, на её долю приходится около 3.1% игровых ПК, что вполне сравнимо, например, с первой версией Windows 8 и намного больше, чем Windows Vista, которые вышли много позднее XP и в популяризацию которых со стороны Microsoft были вложены большие усилия.

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