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OpenPGP Public Keys

Source and binary executables are signed by the release manager or binary builder using their
OpenPGP key. Release files for currently supported releases are signed by the following:

  • Thomas Wouters (3.12.x and 3.13.x source files and tags) (key id: A821E680E5FA6305)
  • Pablo Galindo Salgado (3.10.x and 3.11.x source files and tags) (key id: 64E628F8D684696D)
  • Steve Dower (Windows binaries) (key id: FC62 4643 4870 34E5)
  • Łukasz Langa (3.8.x and 3.9.x source files and tags) (key id: B269 95E3 1025 0568)
  • Ned Deily (macOS binaries, 3.7.x / 3.6.x source files and tags) (key ids: 2D34 7EA6 AA65 421D and FB99 2128 6F5E 1540
  • Larry Hastings (3.5.x source files and tags) (key id: 3A5C A953 F73C 700D)
  • Benjamin Peterson (2.7.z source files and tags) (key id: 04C3 67C2 18AD D4FF and A4135B38)

Release files for older releases which have now reached end-of-life may have been signed by one of the following:

  • Anthony Baxter (key id: 0EDD C5F2 6A45 C816)
  • Georg Brandl (key id: 0A5B 1018 3658 0288)
  • Martin v. Löwis (key id: 6AF0 53F0 7D9D C8D2)
  • Ronald Oussoren (key id: C9BE 28DE E6DF 025C)
  • Barry Warsaw (key ids: 126E B563 A74B 06BF, D986 6941 EA5B BD71, and ED9D77D5)

You can import a person’s public keys from a public keyserver network server
you trust by running a command like:

gpg --recv-keys [key id]

or, in many cases, public keys can also be found
at keybase.io.
On the version-specific download pages, you should see a link to both the
downloadable file and a detached signature file. To verify the authenticity
of the download, grab both files and then run this command:

gpg --verify Python-3.6.2.tgz.asc

Note that you must use the name of the signature file, and you should use the
one that’s appropriate to the download you’re verifying.

  • (These instructions are geared to
    GnuPG and Unix command-line users.)

macOS Installer Packages

Installer packages for Python on macOS downloadable from python.org are signed with
with an Apple Developer ID Installer certificate.

  • As of Python 3.11.4 and 3.12.0b1 (2023-05-23), release installer packages are signed with certificates issued to the Python Software Foundation (Apple Developer ID BMM5U3QVKW)).
  • Installer packages for previous releases were signed with certificates issued to Ned Deily (DJ3H93M7VJ).

Other Useful Items

  • Looking for 3rd party Python modules? The
    Package Index has many of them.
  • You can view the standard documentation
    online, or you can download it
    in HTML, PostScript, PDF and other formats. See the main
    Documentation page.
  • Information on tools for unpacking archive files
    provided on python.org is available.
  • Tip: even if you download a ready-made binary for your
    platform, it makes sense to also download the source.
    This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib)
    and the standard collections of demos (Demo) and tools
    (Tools) that come with it. There’s a lot you can learn from the
    source!
  • There is also a collection of Emacs packages
    that the Emacsing Pythoneer might find useful. This includes major
    modes for editing Python, C, C++, Java, etc., Python debugger
    interfaces and more. Most packages are compatible with Emacs and
    XEmacs.

Want to contribute?

Want to contribute? See the Python Developer’s Guide
to learn about how Python development is managed.

Источник

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  • Latest Python 3 Release — Python 3.12.0

Stable Releases

  • Python 3.12.0 — Oct. 2, 2023

    Note that Python 3.12.0 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.11.6 — Oct. 2, 2023

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  • Python 3.11.5 — Aug. 24, 2023

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  • Python 3.10.13 — Aug. 24, 2023

    Note that Python 3.10.13 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.18 — Aug. 24, 2023

    Note that Python 3.9.18 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.18 — Aug. 24, 2023

    Note that Python 3.8.18 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.10.12 — June 6, 2023

    Note that Python 3.10.12 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.11.4 — June 6, 2023

    Note that Python 3.11.4 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.7.17 — June 6, 2023

    Note that Python 3.7.17 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.17 — June 6, 2023

    Note that Python 3.8.17 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.17 — June 6, 2023

    Note that Python 3.9.17 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.10.11 — April 5, 2023

    Note that Python 3.10.11 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.11.3 — April 5, 2023

    Note that Python 3.11.3 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.10.10 — Feb. 8, 2023

    Note that Python 3.10.10 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.11.2 — Feb. 8, 2023

    Note that Python 3.11.2 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.11.1 — Dec. 6, 2022

    Note that Python 3.11.1 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.10.9 — Dec. 6, 2022

    Note that Python 3.10.9 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.16 — Dec. 6, 2022

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.16 — Dec. 6, 2022

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.16 — Dec. 6, 2022

    Note that Python 3.7.16 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.11.0 — Oct. 24, 2022

    Note that Python 3.11.0 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.15 — Oct. 11, 2022

    Note that Python 3.9.15 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.15 — Oct. 11, 2022

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.10.8 — Oct. 11, 2022

    Note that Python 3.10.8 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.7.15 — Oct. 11, 2022

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  • Python 3.7.14 — Sept. 6, 2022

    Note that Python 3.7.14 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.14 — Sept. 6, 2022

    Note that Python 3.8.14 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.14 — Sept. 6, 2022

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.10.7 — Sept. 6, 2022

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  • Python 3.10.6 — Aug. 2, 2022

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  • Python 3.10.5 — June 6, 2022

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  • Python 3.9.13 — May 17, 2022

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  • Python 3.10.4 — March 24, 2022

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  • Python 3.9.12 — March 23, 2022

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  • Python 3.10.3 — March 16, 2022

    Note that Python 3.10.3 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.11 — March 16, 2022

    Note that Python 3.9.11 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.13 — March 16, 2022

    Note that Python 3.8.13 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.13 — March 16, 2022

    Note that Python 3.7.13 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.10 — Jan. 14, 2022

    Note that Python 3.9.10 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.10.2 — Jan. 14, 2022

    Note that Python 3.10.2 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.10.1 — Dec. 6, 2021

    Note that Python 3.10.1 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.9 — Nov. 15, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.9 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.8 — Nov. 5, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.8 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.10.0 — Oct. 4, 2021

    Note that Python 3.10.0 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.7.12 — Sept. 4, 2021

    Note that Python 3.7.12 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.6.15 — Sept. 4, 2021

    Note that Python 3.6.15 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.7 — Aug. 30, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.7 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.12 — Aug. 30, 2021

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.6 — June 28, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.6 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.11 — June 28, 2021

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  • Python 3.7.11 — June 28, 2021

    Note that Python 3.7.11 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.6.14 — June 28, 2021

    Note that Python 3.6.14 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.9.5 — May 3, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.5 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.10 — May 3, 2021

    Note that Python 3.8.10 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.4 — April 4, 2021

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  • Python 3.9.3 — April 2, 2021

    Note that Python 3.9.3 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.9 — April 2, 2021

    Note that Python 3.8.9 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.2 — Feb. 19, 2021

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  • Python 3.8.8 — Feb. 19, 2021

    Note that Python 3.8.8 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.6.13 — Feb. 15, 2021

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.10 — Feb. 15, 2021

    Note that Python 3.7.10 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.7 — Dec. 21, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.7 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.1 — Dec. 7, 2020

    Note that Python 3.9.1 cannot be used on Windows 7 or earlier.

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  • Python 3.9.0 — Oct. 5, 2020

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  • Python 3.8.6 — Sept. 24, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.6 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.6rc1 — Sept. 8, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.6rc1 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.5.10 — Sept. 5, 2020

    Note that Python 3.5.10 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.9 — Aug. 17, 2020

    Note that Python 3.7.9 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.6.12 — Aug. 17, 2020

    Note that Python 3.6.12 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.5 — July 20, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.5 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.4 — July 13, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.4 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.4rc1 — June 30, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.4rc1 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.7.8 — June 27, 2020

    Note that Python 3.7.8 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.6.11 — June 27, 2020

    Note that Python 3.6.11 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.8.3 — May 13, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.3 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.3rc1 — April 29, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.3rc1 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 2.7.18 — April 20, 2020

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  • Python 3.7.7 — March 10, 2020

    Note that Python 3.7.7 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • Download Windows help file
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  • Python 3.8.2 — Feb. 24, 2020

    Note that Python 3.8.2 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

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  • Python 3.8.1 — Dec. 18, 2019

    Note that Python 3.8.1 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • Download Windows help file
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  • Python 3.7.6 — Dec. 18, 2019

    Note that Python 3.7.6 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • Download Windows help file
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  • Python 3.6.10 — Dec. 18, 2019

    Note that Python 3.6.10 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.5.9 — Nov. 2, 2019

    Note that Python 3.5.9 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.5.8 — Oct. 29, 2019

    Note that Python 3.5.8 cannot be used on Windows XP or earlier.

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.7.17 — Oct. 19, 2019

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  • Python 3.7.5 — Oct. 15, 2019

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  • Python 3.8.0 — Oct. 14, 2019

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  • Python 3.7.4 — July 8, 2019

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  • Python 3.6.9 — July 2, 2019

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.3 — March 25, 2019

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  • Python 3.4.10 — March 18, 2019

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.5.7 — March 18, 2019

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.7.16 — March 4, 2019

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  • Python 3.7.2 — Dec. 24, 2018

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  • Python 3.6.8 — Dec. 24, 2018

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  • Python 3.7.1 — Oct. 20, 2018

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  • Python 3.6.7 — Oct. 20, 2018

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  • Python 3.5.6 — Aug. 2, 2018

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.4.9 — Aug. 2, 2018

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.7.0 — June 27, 2018

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  • Python 3.6.6 — June 27, 2018

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  • Python 2.7.15 — May 1, 2018

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  • Python 3.6.5 — March 28, 2018

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  • Python 3.4.8 — Feb. 5, 2018

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  • Python 3.5.5 — Feb. 5, 2018

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    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.6.4 — Dec. 19, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.3 — Oct. 3, 2017

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  • Python 3.3.7 — Sept. 19, 2017

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  • Python 2.7.14 — Sept. 16, 2017

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  • Python 3.4.7 — Aug. 9, 2017

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  • Python 3.5.4 — Aug. 8, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.2 — July 17, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.1 — March 21, 2017

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  • Python 3.4.6 — Jan. 17, 2017

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  • Python 3.5.3 — Jan. 17, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.0 — Dec. 23, 2016

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  • Python 2.7.13 — Dec. 17, 2016

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  • Python 3.4.5 — June 27, 2016

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  • Python 3.5.2 — June 27, 2016

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  • Python 2.7.12 — June 25, 2016

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  • Python 3.4.4 — Dec. 21, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.1 — Dec. 7, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.11 — Dec. 5, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0 — Sept. 13, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.10 — May 23, 2015

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  • Python 3.4.3 — Feb. 25, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.9 — Dec. 10, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.2 — Oct. 13, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.6 — Oct. 12, 2014

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  • Python 3.2.6 — Oct. 12, 2014

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  • Python 2.7.8 — July 2, 2014

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  • Python 2.7.7 — June 1, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.1 — May 19, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.0 — March 17, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.5 — March 9, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.4 — Feb. 9, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.3 — Nov. 17, 2013

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  • Python 2.7.6 — Nov. 10, 2013

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  • Python 2.6.9 — Oct. 29, 2013

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  • Python 3.3.2 — May 15, 2013

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  • Python 3.2.5 — May 15, 2013

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  • Python 2.7.5 — May 12, 2013

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  • Python 3.2.4 — April 6, 2013

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  • Python 3.3.1 — April 6, 2013

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  • Python 2.7.4 — April 6, 2013

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  • Python 3.3.0 — Sept. 29, 2012

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  • Python 2.6.8 — April 10, 2012

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 3.2.3 — April 10, 2012

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  • Python 3.1.5 — April 9, 2012

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  • Python 2.7.3 — April 9, 2012

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  • Python 3.2.2 — Sept. 3, 2011

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  • Python 3.2.1 — July 9, 2011

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  • Python 3.1.4 — June 11, 2011

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  • Python 2.7.2 — June 11, 2011

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  • Python 2.6.7 — June 3, 2011

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  • Python 2.5.6 — May 26, 2011

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  • Python 3.2.0 — Feb. 20, 2011

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  • Python 2.7.1 — Nov. 27, 2010

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  • Python 3.1.3 — Nov. 27, 2010

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  • Python 2.6.6 — Aug. 24, 2010

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  • Python 2.7.0 — July 3, 2010

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  • Python 3.1.2 — March 20, 2010

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  • Python 2.6.5 — March 18, 2010

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  • Python 2.5.5 — Jan. 31, 2010

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.6.4 — Oct. 26, 2009

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  • Python 2.6.3 — Oct. 2, 2009

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  • Python 3.1.1 — Aug. 17, 2009

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  • Python 3.1.0 — June 26, 2009

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  • Python 2.6.2 — April 14, 2009

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  • Python 3.0.1 — Feb. 13, 2009

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  • Python 2.5.4 — Dec. 23, 2008

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  • Python 2.5.3 — Dec. 19, 2008

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  • Python 2.4.6 — Dec. 19, 2008

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.6.1 — Dec. 4, 2008

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  • Python 3.0.0 — Dec. 3, 2008

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  • Python 2.6.0 — Oct. 2, 2008

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  • Python 2.3.7 — March 11, 2008

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.4.5 — March 11, 2008

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.5.2 — Feb. 21, 2008

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  • Python 2.5.1 — April 19, 2007

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  • Python 2.3.6 — Nov. 1, 2006

    • No files for this release.
  • Python 2.4.4 — Oct. 18, 2006

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  • Python 2.5.0 — Sept. 19, 2006

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  • Python 2.4.3 — April 15, 2006

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  • Python 2.4.2 — Sept. 27, 2005

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  • Python 2.4.1 — March 30, 2005

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  • Python 2.3.5 — Feb. 8, 2005

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  • Python 2.4.0 — Nov. 30, 2004

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  • Python 2.3.4 — May 27, 2004

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  • Python 2.3.3 — Dec. 19, 2003

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  • Python 2.3.2 — Oct. 3, 2003

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  • Python 2.3.1 — Sept. 23, 2003

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  • Python 2.3.0 — July 29, 2003

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  • Python 2.2.3 — May 30, 2003

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  • Python 2.2.2 — Oct. 14, 2002

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  • Python 2.2.1 — April 10, 2002

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  • Python 2.1.3 — April 9, 2002

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  • Python 2.2.0 — Dec. 21, 2001

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  • Python 2.0.1 — June 22, 2001

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Pre-releases

  • Python 3.12.0rc3 — Sept. 19, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0rc2 — Sept. 6, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0rc1 — Aug. 6, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0b4 — July 11, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0b3 — June 19, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0b2 — June 6, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0b1 — May 22, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0a7 — April 4, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0a6 — March 8, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0a5 — Feb. 7, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0a4 — Jan. 10, 2023

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  • Python 3.12.0a3 — Dec. 6, 2022

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  • Python 3.12.0a2 — Nov. 15, 2022

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  • Python 3.12.0a1 — Oct. 25, 2022

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  • Python 3.11.0rc2 — Sept. 12, 2022

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  • Python 3.11.0rc1 — Aug. 8, 2022

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  • Python 3.4.10rc1 — March 4, 2019

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  • Python 2.7.14rc1 — Aug. 27, 2017

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  • Python 3.5.4rc1 — July 25, 2017

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  • Python 3.4.7rc1 — July 25, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.2rc2 — July 7, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.2rc1 — June 17, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.1rc1 — March 5, 2017

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  • Python 3.5.3rc1 — Jan. 3, 2017

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  • Python 3.4.6rc1 — Jan. 3, 2017

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  • Python 3.6.0rc2 — Dec. 16, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0rc1 — Dec. 6, 2016

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  • Python 2.7.13rc1 — Dec. 4, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0b4 — Nov. 21, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0b3 — Oct. 31, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0b2 — Oct. 10, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0b1 — Sept. 12, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0a4 — Aug. 15, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0a3 — July 12, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0a2 — June 13, 2016

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  • Python 2.7.12rc1 — June 13, 2016

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  • Python 3.5.2rc1 — June 13, 2016

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  • Python 3.4.5rc1 — June 13, 2016

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  • Python 3.6.0a1 — May 17, 2016

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  • Python 3.4.4rc1 — Dec. 7, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.1rc1 — Nov. 23, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.11rc1 — Nov. 21, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0rc4 — Sept. 9, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0rc3 — Sept. 8, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0rc2 — Aug. 25, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0rc1 — Aug. 11, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0b4 — July 26, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0b3 — July 5, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0b2 — June 1, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0b1 — May 24, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.10rc1 — May 11, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0a4 — April 20, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0a3 — March 30, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0a2 — March 9, 2015

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  • Python 3.5.0a1 — Feb. 8, 2015

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  • Python 3.4.3rc1 — Feb. 8, 2015

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  • Python 2.7.9rc1 — Nov. 26, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.6rc1 — Oct. 4, 2014

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  • Python 3.2.6rc1 — Oct. 4, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.2rc1 — Sept. 22, 2014

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  • Python 2.7.7rc1 — May 17, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.1rc1 — May 5, 2014

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  • Python 3.4.0rc3 — March 10, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.5rc2 — March 2, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.5rc1 — Feb. 23, 2014

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  • Python 3.3.5rc1 — Feb. 23, 2014

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Python (Питон или правильней Пайтон) – один из распространенных языков программирования, стал популярным благодаря упрощенному синтаксису и большому количеству полезных функций.

Скачать программу для программирования Python 3 можно бесплатно на русском языке для Windows 7, 8, 10 по ссылкам ниже с официального сайта.

Создатели Python особо выделяют производительность и читаемость кода. К наиболее запоминающимся чертам языка можно отнести — динамическую типизацию, возможность автоматически управлять памятью, встроенный механизм для обработки исключений, поддержку многопоточных вычислений и высокоуровневую структуризацию данных.

Главные преимущества Python:

  • Чистый понятный синтаксис кода.
  • Утилита осуществляет хороший самоанализ.
  • Код отображается отчётливо и ваши глаза не будут быстро уставать при работе с ним.
  • Возможность создавать модули и пакеты.
  • Обрабатывает ошибки в виде исключений.
  • Поддерживает динамические типы данных.
  • Вы всегда сможете воспользоваться библиотекой, которая содержит очень много данных.
  • Дополнения и модули можно легко написать на других распространённых языках программирования.

Python поддерживает все самые популярные и необходимые парадигмы и доступен на русском языке. Код в программе может организовываться в функции и классы, а затем объединяться в модули (которые уже потом могут быть объединены в так называемые пакеты).

Версия 3.12.0 от
Разработчик Python
Система
Windows
Категория Программирование›
Язык Русский, Английский и другие
Загрузок 221748
Лицензия Бесплатная
Размер 24,0 Мб

Ctrl+D — в закладки

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Онлайн-компиляторы Python хороши, когда нужно быстро протестировать что-то простое, но для полноценной работы их недостаточно. Чтобы использовать всю мощь Python, нужно установить его на свой компьютер, и тогда можно подключать к нему любые библиотеки и писать код любой сложности.

В этой статье покажем, как установить Python под Windows и как с ним работать. Для MacOS всё почти то же самое, а если у вас Linux, то вы лучше нас знаете, как это сделать.

Скачивание и установка

Для начала нам нужно скачать установщик с официального сайта — python.org. Если качать Python с других сайтов, можно подцепить вирус или троян. Скачивайте программы только с официальных сайтов.

Несмотря на то, что Python 3 вышел 10 лет назад, до сих пор многие спорят про то, какую версию лучше использовать — вторую или третью. Мы за прогресс, поэтому качаем Python 3, но вы можете выбрать любую другую.

На главной странице сразу видим большую жёлтую кнопку, на которой написано «Download Python». Нажимаем, сохраняем и запускаем файл. Он весит около 25 мегабайт.

Большая жёлтая кнопка, которая отвечает за последнюю версию Python.

Установщик спрашивает, как установить — всё сразу или хотите что-то настроить? Выбираем первый вариант — Install Now.
В конце установки программа предложит убрать ограничение на длину одной служебной переменной. Она отвечает за то, чтобы вы или другая программа могли запустить Python почти из любого места. Для этого нужно нажать текст в рамке.

Когда установка закончится, нужно проверить, что всё было сделано правильно. Для этого в командной строке наберите py (латиницей) или python и нажмите клавишу ввода. Если всё хорошо, в ответ Python вам напишет номер своей версии и сборки и предложит несколько команд для знакомства с собой:

Вы с Python 3, поздравляем.

Запуск программ

Пока наш Python может работать только через командную строку — какие команды введёте, те он и выполнит. Многим разработчикам это нравится, но для старта это неудобно. Например, чтобы запустить программу, нужно написать в командной строке так:

py полное_имя_файла

Полное имя означает, что нужно написать не только название файла, но и диск с папкой, где он находится. Чтобы было понятнее, давайте возьмём наш код из статьи про таймер на Python и сохраним его в файле time.py3 на диске D. Py3 означает, что внутри этого файла будет код на Python3. Можно просто назвать файл python.py, без тройки, но для некоторых моментов это может быть важно.

Теперь, чтобы запустить наш код, напишем в командной строке:

py D:\time.py3

Результат работы — выполненный алгоритм:

Как установить Python на компьютер и начать на нём писать

Подключаем VS Code

Мы уже рассказывали об этом редакторе кода — он быстрый, бесплатный и есть много плагинов. Чтобы работать с Python-файлами было проще, научим VS Code понимать и запускать их. Для этого нам нужно найти и установить специальный плагин для этого языка. Открываем вкладку Расширения (Extensions) и пишем такое:

tag:debuggers @sort:installs

В результатах поиска находим Python и нажимаем Install:

Как установить Python на компьютер и начать на нём писать

Затем то же самое делаем для подсветки синтаксиса: пишем в Расширениях команду ext:py3 и устанавливаем плагин MagicPython. После этого перезапускаем VS Code, открываем наш файл и нажимаем F5. Когда выпадающее окошко спросит, с чем будем работать — выбираем Python. В итоге мы получаем редактор кода с нужной нам подсветкой синтаксиса и результатом работы в том же окне. Красота!

Запускаем и отлаживаем программу на Python в VS Code.
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Python — самый популярный язык программирования, на котором разрабатывают ИИ, игры и сложные системы. Разбираемся с его установкой.

Иллюстрация: Skillbox Media

Дмитрий Зверев

Любитель научной фантастики и технологического прогресса. Хорошо сочетает в себе заумного технаря и утончённого гуманитария. Пишет про IT и радуется этому.

Python — это высокоуровневый язык программирования общего назначения с минималистичным и простым в освоении синтаксисом. Он был создан под влиянием языка ABC, который изначально задумывался как обучающий и над которым ранее работал автор Python Гвидо ван Россум.

К сожалению, не все ОС содержат Python по умолчанию. В таких случаях, чтобы начать программировать на языке, его придётся установить. В этой статье мы расскажем, как это сделать.

Гайд по установке Python:

  • Какую версию выбрать
  • Как установить
  • Как начать работать
  • Как подключить к VS Code

Вообще, для решения простых задач или знакомства с языком хватит и онлайн-интерпретатора. Это сервис, который позволяет писать и запускать код прямо в браузере, ничего не скачивая. Самые популярные онлайн-интерпретаторы — Replit, Programiz и Online Python.

Интерфейс Replit
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Интерфейс Programiz
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Интерфейс Online Python
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Это хороший инструмент, но только для написания простых программ. Там сложно тестировать приложения, полноценно работать с файлами и использовать продвинутые возможности языка.

Для полноценной разработки всё-таки нужно будет установить Python на компьютер. Но, поверьте, оно того стоит: вы сможете легко подключать сторонние библиотеки, использовать утилиты и создавать сложные проекты.

Выбор версии языка — тоже важный этап. Очевидно, что в новых версиях больше интересных фишек и, как правило, меньше багов — поэтому для собственных проектов лучше скачивать самый свежий дистрибутив. На момент написания статьи это Python 3.11.2.

Однако для поддержки старых проектов, которые не могут переехать на Python 3, придётся скачивать Python 2 и разбираться в различиях версий. Поэтому даже в 2023 году в вакансиях среди требований можно найти «уверенное знание Python 2.7».

В состав базовой версии Python входят следующие компоненты:

  • IDLE — простая среда разработки Python-программ;
  • документация — инструкция по использованию Python;
  • стандартная библиотека — набор функций, которые упрощают работу с числами, файлами, API сторонних сервисов и так далее;
  • пакетный менеджер PIP — утилита для скачивания и установки библиотек, фреймворков и других пакетов, расширяющих функциональность Python;
  • стандартный набор тестов — чтобы проверять надёжность программы;
  • Python Launcher — приложение для запуска программ с расширением .py.

Этого набора вполне хватит, чтобы начать изучение языка и писать простые программы.

Перед установкой убедитесь, что ваш компьютер удовлетворяет системным требованиям:

  • 64- или 32-разрядный процессор на архитектуре Intel или AMD;
  • 2 ГБ оперативной памяти, желательно 4 ГБ;
  • 5 ГБ свободного места в памяти компьютера;
  • версия операционной системы: не ниже Windows 7, macOS X 10.11, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6/7.

Дистрибутивы Python есть для всех популярных операционных систем, они перечислены на официальном сайте python.org. По большому счёту, не так важно, какую конкретно версию Python вы скачаете, — главное, чтобы её номер начинался с цифры 3.

Скриншот: Python Software Foundation / Skillbox Media

Скачайте установочный файл, нажав на жёлтую кнопку Download Python, и запустите его.

Выберите путь установки и поставьте обе галочки: во втором пункте мы указываем, что нужно добавить Python в переменную окружения PATH — это позволит вызывать его из любой директории. Затем выбираем «Установка для всех пользователей» (Install for all users), нажимаем Install Now и разрешаем приложению вносить изменения:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Когда всё установится, вы увидите окно завершения инсталляции:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Теперь проверим, что Python действительно установлен. Для этого откроем окно «Выполнить» сочетанием клавиш Win + R и введём cmd:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Откроется командная строка. Введите в ней команду py или python, чтобы запустить интерпретатор. На экране появится примерно такое сообщение:

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19043.1889]
(c) Корпорация Майкрософт (Microsoft Corporation). Все права защищены.

C:\Users\User>py
Python 3.11.2 (tags/v3.11.2:9c7b4bd, Feb 2 2023, 18:38:48) [MSC v.1932 64 bit (AMD64)] on win 32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

Оно означает, что Python установлен на ваш компьютер и работает.

Если у вас более ранняя версия Windows, процесс установки Python ничем не отличается, кроме того, что некоторые версии языка не поддерживаются на старых операционных системах. Узнать, подходит ли версия Python вашей ОС, можно в примечаниях на странице скачивания:

Последние версии языка не поддерживаются Windows 7 и более старыми ОС
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Python входит в состав большинства дистрибутивов Linux. Чтобы это проверить, введите в терминале следующую команду:

$ python3 --version

В окне должен появиться номер версии языка. Если этого не произошло, нужно установить Python с помощью пакетного менеджера.

В Ubuntu 16.10 это делается так:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6

Утилита попросит вас ввести пароль и после ввода начнёт установку.

Однако, если вы хотите поставить более свежую версию Python, для установки нужно использовать репозиторий deadsnakes PPA:

$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install python3.8

В Fedora Linux процесс установки похожий, но используется другая команда:

$ sudo dnf install python3.9

Ещё можно самостоятельно собрать Python из исходников, которые лежат на сайте Python. Но это очень сложный и мучительный процесс, поэтому останавливаться на нём мы не будем.

С давних времён MacBook и iMac выпускались с предустановленным Python 2.7. Правда, начиная с версии 12.3 разработчики «яблочной» ОС отказались от этой традиции.

Чтобы проверить, установлен ли Python, откройте командную строку и введите следующую команду:

python --version

Вместо версии 3.9.12 у вас может быть версия, например, 2.7.18
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

В любом случае лучше установить последнюю версию Python — найти её можно на официальном сайте.

Последняя версия на момент написания статьи — 3.11.2
Скриншот: Python Software Foundation / Skillbox Media

Нажмите жёлтую кнопку Download Python 3.11.2, и пакет начнёт скачиваться:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Когда загрузка завершится, откройте его:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Согласитесь со всеми пунктами и переходите к установке. Вас попросят ввести пароль, а после — начнётся установка, по окончании которой вы увидите такое окно:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Нажмите Close и откройте терминал, чтобы проверить версию Python:

python --version

Должно быть выведено сообщение Python 3.11.2.

Дата-сайентисты используют свои библиотеки для работы — например, NumPy и Pandas. Их можно устанавливать по отдельности, а можно скачать готовую сборку со всеми библиотеками.

Самый популярный способ — использовать дистрибутив Anaconda. Он бесплатный и легко устанавливаемый, а также доступен для всех операционных систем. Мы покажем, как установить его на macOS.

Нажмите на кнопку Download, чтобы начать скачивание:

Нажимаем огромную зелёную кнопку «Скачать»
Скриншот: Anaconda Inc. / Skillbox Media

Затем откройте установщик, согласитесь со всеми пунктами и выберите место для установки.

Так выглядит сообщение об успешной установке Anaconda
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Чтобы убедиться, что Python установлен, откройте консоль и введите команду python3 — должен запуститься интерпретатор Python, в котором можно писать код. Выглядит это примерно так:

Если можем писать код, значит, всё работает как нужно
Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Теперь, чтобы использовать одну из библиотек для data science, нужно всего лишь импортировать её в Python-файле:

import numpy

А чтобы проверить, работает ли библиотека, достаточно запустить файл, в котором вы её подключили. Если библиотека не подключилась, то интерпретатор выдаст сообщение об ошибке.

После того как мы установили Python, пора написать пару строк кода. Вы можете использовать любую IDE (в том числе IDLE), редактор кода или даже «Блокнот».

Создадим файл program.py на рабочем столе. В нём мы вызовем всего одну функцию, которая выведет на экран текстовое сообщение:

print("Привет, мир!")

Запустим программу командой py или python в командной строке, прописав полный путь до файла program.py. Например, если он лежит на рабочем столе, запустить его можно так:

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19043.1889]
(c) Корпорация Майкрософт (Microsoft Corporation). Все права защищены.

C:\Users\User>py C:\Users\User\Desktop\program.py
Привет, мир!

Мы передали код интерпретатору, который обработал его и вывел сообщение на экран. Всё получилось!

VS Code — это удобный редактор кода, который поддерживает десятки языков программирования и плагинов. По популярности VS Code сильно опережает аналоги, поэтому будет полезно разобраться, как установить Python туда.

Сначала нужно найти плагин для языка. Откройте вкладку Extensions («Расширения») и введите в поиске следующую строку:

tag:debuggers @sort:installs

В появившемся списке найдите Python и нажмите Install.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Теперь нужно включить подсветку кода. Для этого установите плагин Magic Python — найти его можно в том же поиске, введя команду ext: py3. Чтобы всё заработало, перезапустите VS Code и создайте файл с расширением .py. Когда редактор спросит, на каком языке вы собираетесь программировать, — выберите Python. Готово!

Хоть VS Code является самым популярным редактором кода, многие программисты предпочитают специализированные IDE, заточенные именно под разработку на Python. Абсолютный фаворит здесь — PyCharm, в состав которой уже входит Python.

Чтобы установить PyCharm, зайдите на сайт JetBrains и нажмите кнопку Download:

Скриншот: JetBrains / Skillbox Media

Вам предложат выбрать операционную систему и версию среды разработки: Professional и Community. Community — это бесплатная версия, в которой отсутствует поддержка некоторых функций и фреймворков, например Django. Но на первых порах её вполне хватит, поэтому выбираем её:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Дальше начнётся загрузка файла. Ждём, а затем открываем его:

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Перетаскиваем в папку Applications — готово.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

PyCharm установлена, можно создавать проекты и начинать программировать.

Вместо компилятора/интерпретатора CPython иногда используют альтернативные, написанные на других языках и лучше стыкующиеся с другими технологиями. Например, Jython и виртуальную машину JVM (для платформы Java). Или IronPython, написанный полностью на C# и предназначенный для .NET.

Жизнь можно сделать лучше!
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