Количество пользователей mac os и windows


Илья Сидоров avatar |
13 июля в 17:38 30

Популярность macOS стремительно растёт в 2023 году, а Windows – падает

В период с июня 2022 по июнь 2023 года доля компьютеров с macOS выросла на 6,68%, до 21,32%, согласно данным StatCounter.

macOS сейчас является второй по популярности операционной системой в мире. На первом месте — Windows с долей 68,23%. При этом количество компьютеров с Windows за год сократилось на 8,1%.

Следом за macOS идут ChromeOS и Linux, которые занимают 4,15% и 3,08% рынка соответственно.

Популярность macOS резко начала расти этой весной после выхода MacBook Pro с чипами M2 Pro и M2 Max. [Appleinsider]

1 Звезд2 Звезды3 Звезды4 Звезды5 Звезд (19 голосов, общий рейтинг: 4.68 из 5)

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iPhones.ru


В период с июня 2022 по июнь 2023 года доля компьютеров с macOS выросла на 6,68%, до 21,32%, согласно данным StatCounter. macOS сейчас является второй по популярности операционной системой в мире. На первом месте — Windows с долей 68,23%. При этом количество компьютеров с Windows за год сократилось на 8,1%. Следом за macOS идут ChromeOS…

  • Chrome,
  • Linux,
  • macOS,
  • windows

Илья Сидоров avatar

Илья Сидоров

@ilyasidorov

Редактор новостей и автор статей на iPhones.ru.

Источник

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in the vast majority of computers, from embedded devices to supercomputers.

Most devices access the web, so web access statistics can be used to estimate the usage share of operating systems across device types, as well as the usage share of operating systems within types.

As of April 2023, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 28%, iOS with 17%, macOS with 7%, ChromeOS 1.3%, and desktop Linux at 1.2% (also using the Linux kernel).[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android dominates with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Microsoft’s Windows is the most used at 69%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 17%, and Google’s ChromeOS at 3.2% (in the US up to 8.0%), and desktop Linux at 2.9%. In addition, 5% is attributed to «unknown» operating systems — which are likely forms of BSD or obscure varieties of Linux.[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS (a variant of iOS) has 52% share and Android has 48% worldwide[5] (though Android is more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and occasionally Android has measured even or ahead, up to 51.5% globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51%, with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for web servers, and the most common Linux distribution is Ubuntu.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments[edit]

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[12] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[13] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[14] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[15] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[16] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[17] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[18]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[19]

PC shipments[edit]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[21] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[22] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[23]

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.» Chromebooks sold more (30 mln) than Apple’s Macs worldwide (22,5 mln) in pandemic year 2020.[24]

According to the Catalyst group, the year 2021 had record high PC shipments with total shipments of 341 million units (including Chromebooks), 15% higher than 2020 and 27% higher than 2019, while being the largest shipment total since 2012.[25]

Tablet computers shipments[edit]

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[26] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[28]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[29] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[30] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[31] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[32] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[32] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[33]

Smartphone shipments[edit]

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[34][35] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[36][37]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[38]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[39]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[40] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[41]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[42] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[43] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

Web clients[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)
Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel): Decrease Apple Darwin:
Increase 		Linux kernel: Increase Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022 Decrease 19.23% N/A Decrease 3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Decrease 4.03% Increase 19.23% N/A Increase 45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

Increase

20.55%

N/A -1.59

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase

8.06%

Increase

13.67%

N/A Decrease

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019 Increase16.23% N/A Increase14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase3.58% Increase13.54 N/A Decrease38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018 -2.3311.14 N/A -1.5912.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.702.80% -1.0810.68% N/A +8.8053.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016 -1.4313.79 -0.644.54% -0.3118.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.444.45% -0.0812.60% +0.663.8% +6.5634.37% N/A -1.078%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017 -0.0612.98% -0.174.57% -0.3617.84% -0.030.41% -0.062.07% 0% 00.06% -0.65.17% +0.1013.09% -0.020.75% +0.5137.93% 00.76% +0.457.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016 -0.1512.5% -0.254.79% -0.7618% -0.060.46% -0.072.24% -0.020.64% 00.09% -0.34.92% +0.4312.71% 00.86% +1.5237.8% +0.010.72% -0.374.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016 -0.1812.08% -0.225.21% -0.8218.97% -0.020.6% -0.32.44% -0.160.7% +0.010.05% -0.235.3% +0.1712.04% -0.090.85% +1.6234.46% -0.010.63% -0.266.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016 0.6910.27% -0.646.68% -1.5822.25% -0.060.73% -0.553.44% +0.020.83% -0.020.8% -0.045.05% +0.2611.38% -0.080.91% +1.731.6% 0.20.64% 0.316.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015 0.846.67% -0.618.5% -1.3526.66% -0.911.0% -0.114.75% +0.030.92% +0.010.2% +0.185.51% +0.1210.82% +0.051.03% +0.6727.01% 00.36% 6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system version) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released. In the United States, usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and in Armenia it is more than 70%, as of 2017.[99]

StatCounter web usage data of desktop or laptop operating systems varies significantly by country. For example, in 2017, macOS usage in North America was at 16.82%[100] (17.52% in the US[101]) whereas in Asia it was only 4.4%.[102] As of July 2023, macOS usage has increased to 30.81% in North America[103] (31.77% in the US)[104] and to 9.64% in Asia.[105]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[106][107][108] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents[109][110][111] (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States where the smartphone share reached 54.26% in July 2022,[112][113][114][115] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 72%, in Asia at 69% and in South America at 60%, in Europe is 49% while desktop is slightly lower, and in the United States it’s at 43% and desktop at 54% (previously at 50%). On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[116][117][118][119] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[120][121]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2023 Stack Overflow developer survey counts 87,222 survey reponses. However, usage of a particular system as a desktop or as a server was not differentiated in the survey responses. The operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[122]

  • Windows: 46.91%
  • macOS: 33%
  • Ubuntu: 26.69%
  • BSD: 0.59%

Microsoft data on Windows usage

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[123]

Desktop computer games[edit]

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux Other
December 2022[124] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[124] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[125] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[126] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[127] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[128] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%†
January 2016[129] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[130] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[131] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[132]

Mobile devices[edit]

Smartphones OS by usage[edit]

Android is the most popular mobile operating system.

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[133]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[134] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[135][136] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[137][138][139]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[140] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
StatCounter Global Stats[141] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[142] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[144] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[145] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[146] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[147] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[148] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[149] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[150] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[151] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[152] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[153][154][155] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[156] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[157] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[158]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[159] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[160] (Egypt at 62.37%,[161] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[161]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[162] (Peru at 52.96%[163]). Asia is at 46%.[164] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[165] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[166] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[167]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[168] Aug 2023 54.68% 45.11% 0.02% 0.07%
StatCounter[169] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[170] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[171] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[172] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[173] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[174] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[175] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[176]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[177] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[178][179] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[180]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[181] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[182] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[183][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[184] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[185] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[186] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[187] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[188] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[189] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[190][191]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[192] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[193]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[191] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[194]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[195] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[196][197]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[198]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[199] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[200][201] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[202] (and North America as a whole)[203] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[204] and up to a five-day average.[205] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[203] Ireland,[206] Australia[207] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[208][209][210] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[211]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[212] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[213][214] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[215][216] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[217] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[218] in South America.[219]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[220][221] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[222]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[223] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[224] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[225] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[226] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[227][228]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[229] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[230]

Two continents have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[231] (followed by Africa in August;[232] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[233][234] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[235]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[236] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[237] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[238] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[239] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[240]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[241] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[242] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[243] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[244] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[245] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[246] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[247]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[248] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[249]

Revenue[edit]

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[250]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[251]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet[edit]

Servers in a colocation centre

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[252] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [253][254]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [255][256]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[257]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[258] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes[edit]

IBM’s System z10

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[259] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[260] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[261]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[260][dead link]

Decline[edit]

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[248] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[262]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[263]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[264] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[265] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[266]

Supercomputers[edit]

Sierra is primarily used for the stockpile stewardship program of the United States of America.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[267] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[268] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[269]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

[edit]

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop StatCounter Global Stats[270] June 2023 Linux kernel family 7.23%: ChromeOS 4.15% (in the US up to 8.0%) plus traditional «Linux» 3.08% 21.38% (macOS) 68.15% (all versions) 3.24%
Embedded[e] EE Times[271] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[261] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[272] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[273] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[274] <0.1% Darwin,[275] <0.1% HP-UX,[276] <0.1% Solaris,[277] and <0.1% Minix.[278][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[279]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[280] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[281] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in the vast majority of computers, from embedded devices to supercomputers.

Most devices access the web, so web access statistics can be used to estimate the usage share of operating systems across device types, as well as the usage share of operating systems within types.

As of April 2023, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 28%, iOS with 17%, macOS with 7%, ChromeOS 1.3%, and desktop Linux at 1.2% (also using the Linux kernel).[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android dominates with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Microsoft’s Windows is the most used at 69%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 17%, and Google’s ChromeOS at 3.2% (in the US up to 8.0%), and desktop Linux at 2.9%. In addition, 5% is attributed to «unknown» operating systems — which are likely forms of BSD or obscure varieties of Linux.[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS (a variant of iOS) has 52% share and Android has 48% worldwide[5] (though Android is more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and occasionally Android has measured even or ahead, up to 51.5% globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51%, with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for web servers, and the most common Linux distribution is Ubuntu.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments

Edit

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[12] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[13] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[14] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[15] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[16] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[17] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[18]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[19]

PC shipments

Edit

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[21] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[22] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[23]

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.» Chromebooks sold more (30 mln) than Apple’s Macs worldwide (22,5 mln) in pandemic year 2020.[24]

According to the Catalyst group, the year 2021 had record high PC shipments with total shipments of 341 million units (including Chromebooks), 15% higher than 2020 and 27% higher than 2019, while being the largest shipment total since 2012.[25]

Tablet computers shipments

Edit

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[26] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[28]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[29] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[30] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[31] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[32] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[32] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[33]

Smartphone shipments

Edit

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[34][35] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[36][37]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[38]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[39]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[40] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[41]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[42] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[43] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

 

Web clients

Edit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel):   Apple Darwin:
  		Linux kernel:   Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022   19.23% N/A   3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A   4.03%   19.23% N/A   45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

 

20.55%

N/A  

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A  

8.06%

 

13.67%

N/A  

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019  16.23% N/A  14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A  3.58%  13.54 N/A  38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018  11.14 N/A  12.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A  2.80%  10.68% N/A  53.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016  13.79  4.54%  18.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A  4.45%  12.60%  3.8%  34.37% N/A  8%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017  12.98%  4.57%  17.84%  0.41%  2.07% 0%  0.06%  5.17%  13.09%  0.75%  37.93%  0.76%  7.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016  12.5%  4.79%  18%  0.46%  2.24%  0.64%  0.09%  4.92%  12.71%  0.86%  37.8%  0.72%  4.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016  12.08%  5.21%  18.97%  0.6%  2.44%  0.7%  0.05%  5.3%  12.04%  0.85%  34.46%  0.63%  6.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016  10.27%  6.68%  22.25%  0.73%  3.44%  0.83%  0.8%  5.05%  11.38%  0.91%  31.6%  0.64%  6.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015  6.67%  8.5%  26.66%  1.0%  4.75%  0.92%  0.2%  5.51%  10.82%  1.03%  27.01%  0.36%  6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers

Edit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system version) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released. In the United States, usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and in Armenia it is more than 70%, as of 2017.[99]

StatCounter web usage data of desktop or laptop operating systems varies significantly by country. For example, in 2017, macOS usage in North America was at 16.82%[100] (17.52% in the US[101]) whereas in Asia it was only 4.4%.[102] As of July 2023, macOS usage has increased to 30.81% in North America[103] (31.77% in the US)[104] and to 9.64% in Asia.[105]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[106][107][108] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents[109][110][111] (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States where the smartphone share reached 54.26% in July 2022,[112][113][114][115] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 72%, in Asia at 69% and in South America at 60%, in Europe is 49% while desktop is slightly lower, and in the United States it’s at 43% and desktop at 54% (previously at 50%). On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[116][117][118][119] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[120][121]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2023 Stack Overflow developer survey counts 87,222 survey reponses. However, usage of a particular system as a desktop or as a server was not differentiated in the survey responses. The operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[122]

  • Windows: 46.91%
  • macOS: 33%
  • Ubuntu: 26.69%
  • BSD: 0.59%

Microsoft data on Windows usage

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[123]

Desktop computer games

Edit

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux Other
December 2022[124] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[124] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[125] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[126] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[127] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[128] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%†
January 2016[129] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[130] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[131] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[132]

Mobile devices

Edit

Smartphones OS by usage

Edit

 

Android is the most popular mobile operating system.

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[133]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[134] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[135][136] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[137][138][139]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[140] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
StatCounter Global Stats[141] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[142] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[143] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[144] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[145] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[146] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[147] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[148] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[149] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage

Edit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[150] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[151] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[152] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[153][154][155] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[156] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[157] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[158]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[159] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[160] (Egypt at 62.37%,[161] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[161]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[162] (Peru at 52.96%[163]). Asia is at 46%.[164] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[165] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[166] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[167]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[168] Aug 2023 54.68% 45.11% 0.02% 0.07%
StatCounter[169] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[170] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[171] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[172] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[173] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[174] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%



Edit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[175] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[176]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[177] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[178][179] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[180]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[181] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[182] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[183][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[184] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[185] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[186] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[187] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[188] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[189] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[190][191]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[192] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[193]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[191] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[194]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[195] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[196][197]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[198]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[199] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[200][201] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[202] (and North America as a whole)[203] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[204] and up to a five-day average.[205] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[203] Ireland,[206] Australia[207] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[208][209][210] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[211]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[212] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[213][214] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[215][216] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[217] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[218] in South America.[219]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[220][221] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[222]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[223] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[224] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[225] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[226] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[227][228]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[229] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[230]

Two continents have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[231] (followed by Africa in August;[232] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[233][234] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[235]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[236] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[237] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[238] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[239] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[240]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[241] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[242] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[243] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[244] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[245] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[246] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[247]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[248] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[249]

Revenue

Edit

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[250]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[251]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet

Edit

 
Servers in a colocation centre

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[252] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [253][254]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [255][256]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[257]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[258] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes

Edit

 
IBM’s System z10

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[259] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[260] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[261]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[260][dead link]

Decline

Edit

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[248] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[262]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[263]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[264] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[265] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[266]

Supercomputers

Edit

 
Sierra is primarily used for the stockpile stewardship program of the United States of America.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[267] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[268] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

 

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[269]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.



Edit

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop StatCounter Global Stats[270] June 2023 Linux kernel family 7.23%: ChromeOS 4.15% (in the US up to 8.0%) plus traditional «Linux» 3.08% 21.38% (macOS) 68.15% (all versions) 3.24%
Embedded[e] EE Times[271] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[261] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[272] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[273] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[274] <0.1% Darwin,[275] <0.1% HP-UX,[276] <0.1% Solaris,[277] and <0.1% Minix.[278][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[279]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[280] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[281] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also

Edit

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes

Edit

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

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Можно бесконечно смотреть на огонь, воду и срачи в IT-тусовке о лучшей операционке.

Иллюстрация: Apple / Windows / august96 / Pexels / George Keen / Wikimedia Commons / Colowgee для Skillbox Media

Мария Даровская

Журналист, коммерческий автор и редактор. Пишет про IT, цифровой маркетинг и бизнес.
Сайт: darovska.com.

Этот батл может длиться вечно, но мы всё-таки рискнули спросить у комьюнити, что лучше.

Симпатия к той или иной операционной системе — это прежде всего эмоции. Тем не менее любители техники Apple почти поголовно влюблены в macOS. И вот что им нравится больше всего.

По словам любителей яблочной операционки, macOS и сама по себе работает очень стабильно, при этом железо в компьютерах от Apple тоже надёжное и долговечное.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

«Я занимаюсь антивирусами и работаю на разных платформах — и Windows, и Mac. Без сомнения, macOS — гораздо более стабильная и удобная. У Apple очень ограниченный набор железа, а мир Windows наводнён дешёвыми компьютерами. Может показаться, что аппаратное обеспечение Apple стоит дороже, но если сравнивать их возможности, то становится понятно: у Apple очень конкурентные цены».

promixr,
пользователь Reddit

«Я всё ещё использую свой ПК с Windows — но в основном только для игр. А пару месяцев назад я купил MacBook Air M1 и теперь просто очарован им. До него у меня был Lenovo Ideapad за 350 евро — он хуже любого MacBook, поэтому переход на Apple был потрясающим опытом. Мой новый ноутбук кажется более прочным, чем все, которые я пробовал раньше, а вся начинка, от трекпада до клавиатуры, работает практически безупречно. Не то что Lenovo».

Unius_,
пользователь Reddit

macOS — единственный вариант для полноценной разработки ПО под технику Apple: макбуки, айпады и айфоны. Без macOS разрабатывать, тестировать и отлаживать приложения для яблочной экосистемы практически невозможно — ведь понадобится Xcode, а для других платформ её не выпускают.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Однако тут есть и минус — ПО для разработки под Apple платное.

«Разработка для macOS и iOS (Apple в целом) — это кошмар. Эти ребята дерут с вас деньги за всё: относятся к программированию под их платформу как к привилегии, символу принадлежности к „элитной“ группе. Нужно платить 99 долларов в год за программу для разработки. Что это за фанатизм?»

Marie-Eva Volmar,
CEO в Dallada Corporation на Quora

Немало веб-программистов работают исключительно на macOS, и им всё нравится. Ещё бы: тут есть и всё необходимое ПО (в отличие от Linux), и полноценная командная строка (в отличие от Windows). Даже те, кто не любят продукты Apple, признают, что запускать код на macOS невероятно удобно:

«Я признаю, что OS X от Apple меня впечатлила — по сути, она может запускать ваш код и без IDE».

Evan Sawyer,
пользователь Quora

Пользователи macOS считают, что эта система работает гораздо эффективнее Windows. Но, возможно, они просто не отделяют операционку от яблочного железа и никогда не использовали Hackintosh :)

«В 90% случаев в macOS всё работает безупречно, как обычно у продуктов Apple, а вот в 10% случаев какое-то нужное мне приложение в их экосистеме не работает или вообще не поддерживается. Тогда мне приходится обращаться к старому компьютеру с Windows. Но я думаю, что большинство обычных пользователей не сталкиваются с такой проблемой».

Инженер Фредо,
пользователь Reddit

AirDrop, iMessage, FaceTime, iCloud и так далее. Это и правда удобно: все твои устройства работают в единой экосистеме, и переход от одного к другому по-настоящему бесшовный.

«С точки зрения производительности MacBook — отличный выбор. И во многом благодаря различным вспомогательным приложениям вроде Alfred или диспетчера задач. Однако я бы не купил себе MacBook, если бы уже не использовал iPhone и другие устройства Apple. Не поймите меня неправильно, macOS великолепна, но есть сферы, в которых она слабовата.

Для меня главное преимущество macOS — бесшовная интеграция с другими продуктами Apple. Без этого всё, что я могу делать на своём Mac, можно делать и на компьютере с Windows».

PunyDev,
пользователь Reddit

«Я могу просматривать входящие сообщения как с macOS, так и с iPhone. Могу начать разговор или общение в мессенджерах на одном устройстве, а продолжить его на другом. Могу принимать звонки в macOS, если мой телефон находится в той же Wi-Fi-сети. При этом никакого дополнительного программного обеспечения не надо.

iCloud работает безупречно с iPhone, MacBook и iPad. Раньше у меня возникали проблемы с синхронизацией файлов в OneDrive, которыми я делился с женой, — тогда у меня дома ещё стояла Windows 10. Из-за этих проблем я даже перешёл на Dropbox. Теперь мы используем его для обмена файлами, а iCloud — для их хранения. Всякий раз, когда я перехожу на новый iPhone, мне просто нужно залогиниться в iCloud, и все мои данные появляются в приложениях «Фотографии» или «Файлы».

Jeff LeBlanc,
пользователь Quora, администратор SCCM

Пользователи, перешедшие на macOS с Windows отмечают качество взаимодействия с операционной системой — в том числе с помощью жестов.

«Я всю жизнь пользовался Windows, а потом перешёл на MacBook Air M1 — понравились отзывы. macOS отличается от Windows, причём в лучшую сторону. Всё, начиная от жестов трекпада и взаимодействия с пользователем до ОС в целом, кажется более интуитивным и плавным. Я ни разу не сталкивался с ограничениями в необходимых для работы программах.

В продуктах Apple меня всегда вдохновляло, что, даже несмотря на более слабые заявленные характеристики (оперативная память, размер батареи и так далее), они работают гораздо лучше решений конкурентов».

Proxima_Centuari,
пользователь Reddit

«Пару недель назад перешёл на базовую модель M1 MacBook Air. Это мой первый продукт Apple за более чем 10 лет. Однажды у него произошёл один сбой — причину я так и не выяснил. Но в остальном это лучший компьютер, который у меня когда-либо был, — и я сомневаюсь, что когда-нибудь снова куплю ноутбук с Windows. Трекпад тонкий, крутой и совершенно бесшумный, мощности хватает для большей части моих задач. У меня есть и десктоп с Windows, но нужен он только для игр».

GRosasSilva,
пользователь Reddit

Большинство пользователей macOS практически ни разу не сталкивались с проблемами от вирусов и вредоносных программ, даже если у них не стоял антивирус.

«Вредоносных программ и вирусов на маке практически нет. У моих родителей дома стоит ПК с Windows 10, а для путешествий я подарил им свой старенький MacBook. Каждый раз, приходя к ним в гости, я обычно проверяю их компьютер на вирусы. И в Windows стабильно нахожу до 600 нежелательных элементов. В итоге я даже забрал права администратора у отца. А что в macOS? Ноль…»

Jeff LeBlanc,
пользователь Quora, администратор SCCM

«Компьютеры от Apple не так сильно распространены, поэтому для macOS пишется меньше вредоносного ПО — хотя угроза постепенно растёт, например за счёт популярности кросс-платформенной Java. У Windows — гораздо больше установок, чем у других ОС для настольных компьютеров, поэтому чаще всего вирусописатели целятся именно в неё».

Akshay M,
пользователь Quora

Когда вы покупаете макбук, он уже работает как надо. Достаточно только авторизоваться в системе под своим Apple ID: все данные и конфигурации быстро переносятся с предыдущего девайса. В процессе использования вам также не понадобится делать каких-то сложных манипуляций, чтобы установить ПО или настроить систему. В Windows возможностей для настроек и установки софта будет значительно больше, но и сделать всё это нормально будет сложнее.

«Я думаю, что компьютеры Mac — лучший вариант для людей, которые хотят делать только то, что им действительно нужно. Это похоже на разницу между вождением и ремонтом автомобиля. Есть люди, которые любят возиться со своими автомобилями и тюнинговать их — в этом нет ничего плохого. Но есть и люди, которые просто хотят добраться из пункта А в пункт Б, и такие люди просто выбирают максимально комфортную машину.

То же с macOS и Microsoft Windows. Я пробовал Windows много раз — у нас на работе даже есть ноутбук с Windows, но, по моим ощущениям, он гораздо менее интуитивный по сравнению с макбуками. Однако тут надо отметить, что я всю жизнь пользуюсь Mac, поэтому у меня давно сформировались привычки».

Jorge Chambers,
инженер-программист, пользователь Quora

В случае с макбуком вам не понадобится обновлять оперативную память или менять видеокарту — это в принципе невозможно. А значит, не придётся заморачиваться и с совместимостью железа или установкой драйверов. Вы покупаете яблочный компьютер и просто им пользуетесь.

«Apple контролирует все пакеты аппаратного и программного обеспечения, обновления, поэтому каждый Mac работает бесперебойно: не возникает задержек или несовместимости по железу. Для Windows разные модели ноутбуков и даже персональные ПК могут не иметь подходящих драйверов для каждого компонента в каждой версии ОС, поэтому регулярно выскакивают проблемы с совместимостью и тормоза. Иногда из-за этого невозможно достичь ожидаемой производительности».

Akshay M,
пользователь Quora

Любителей Windows — тоже немало. Есть даже такие грешники, которые предпочитают ставить Windows… на устройства от Apple, хотя это скорее исключение из правил.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Фанаты Windows отмечают, что эту систему легче настроить под себя, а ещё она более функциональна и подходит под большее число задач.

Ещё Windows — единственный вариант для геймеров. На macOS и Linux выбор игр сильно ограничен. Да и по-настоящему крутые игровые компьютеры с мощной графикой существуют только в мире Windows.

«Будучи тру-геймером, я люблю использовать Windows из-за её хардкорной графики и потрясающей производительности, а также простоты доступа по сравнению с macOS».

Akshay M,
пользователь Quora

А ещё на Windows существует больше бесплатного софта, а в ОС от Apple почти за всё нужно платить.

Для Windows существует больше разнообразных программ. Гораздо больше. Кроме игр есть куча софта для архитектуры, видеомонтажа, бизнес-аналитики и других задач — и многие из этих программ выпускаются в режиме only Windows.

Инженеры утверждают, что в Windows можно запускать среду разработки, сохраняя идентичность окружения, что довольно удобно. А ещё есть свой аналог CLI — WSL — и нет проклятущего Finder, как в macOS.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Многим нравится, что Windows поддерживает MST: при закрытии окна закрывается и приложение, а аудиомикшер позволяет регулировать громкость каждого приложения отдельно, а не только всех сразу. Плюс на «окнах» удобнее работать, используя только клавиатуру.

По мнению многих разработчиков, Windows лучше подходит для корпоративной рабочей среды.

«Mac привлекает графических дизайнеров, продюсеров видео и музыки, технических журналистов, разработчиков приложений и так далее. У Windows же широкий охват по всем профилям. А бизнес-пользователи, как правило, используют оборудование с Windows на борту из-за хорошей совместимости».

Akshay M,
пользователь Quora

По версии специалистов, организовать корпоративную рабочую среду, где есть AD, групповые политики Exchange, серверы, клиенты и тонкие клиенты на macOS или iOS, — нереально.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Инструменты разработки для Windows чаще всего критикуют за то же, за что и инструменты для Apple, — ценовую политику. Зато сам выбор софта на платформе от Microsoft, безусловно, шире.

«Инструменты разработки под Win хороши, но дороги — например, та же Visual Studio. Да и все инструменты разработки под Win в первую очередь выпускаются для Win (и конечно, не бесплатно), при этом остальные ОС поддерживаются гораздо хуже. А уж инструменты разработки с открытым исходным кодом на Windows поддерживаются и настраиваются гораздо хуже, чем в Linux и macOS».

Sergiy Reypolskyy,
разработчик в Apple, пользователь Quora

Компьютеры на базе Windows гораздо более гибкие в настройке — и их проще сконфигурировать под себя. На macOS всё гораздо строже, поэтому, если вам не пришлась по вкусу яблочная экосистема, велик шанс, что вы вернётесь к Windows.

«Обычно я использую компьютеры с Windows для игр и программирования. По-моему, Windows — гораздо более развитая ОС с точки зрения программирования и игр. Существует множество вариантов настройки вашего ПК с Windows, и вы можете кастомизировать чуть ли не все компоненты. Да и в целом Windows очень гибкая — и хотя иногда это может быть недостатком, мне она нравится.

С точки зрения персонализации и настройки под себя macOS — ужасная система, потому что в ней очень мало пространства для манёвра. Конечно, Mac тоже можно использовать для разработки, но я предпочитаю Windows, потому что маковский терминал не умеет запускать сложные программы».

Sameep Rastogi,
технический энтузиаст, пользователь Quora

Чтобы полноценно работать с Windows, не нужно покупать какой-то специальный ноутбук, есть множество вариантов по любым ценам — от эконом-класса до мощных машин, не уступающих по ценам продукции Apple. А ещё вы всегда можете докупить оперативной памяти или сменить жёсткий диск. В случае с техникой Apple это сделать уже нельзя. Единственная возможность апгрейдить яблочный ноутбук или ПК — купить новую модель.

«Когда вы покупаете ПК с Windows (или любой ПК со стандартным аппаратным обеспечением), это ваш компьютер. Вы администратор. Вы можете изменять, настраивать и обновлять всё, что захотите. Вы можете собрать компьютер с нуля. Вы можете установить SSD любого размера, оперативную память, процессор, ОС, аккумулятор, устройства чтения дисков и так далее. Обновляйте своё оборудование в любое время — как хотите и гораздо дешевле. Я активно использовал Windows на множестве компьютеров, но никогда не сталкивался с синим экраном смерти, BSOD».

Evan Sawyer,
пользователь Quora

«Windows — это универсальная ОС, которая поддерживает всё, что вы ей предлагаете. Я могу использовать её с любой конфигурацией процессора, материнской платы, видеокарты, и она заработает под управлением Windows».

Collin Campbell,
пользователь Quora

Полноценно пользоваться операционной системой от Apple можно, только если вы счастливый обладатель фирменной техники. А вот купить и поставить копию Windows может любой человек — и оборудование может стоить хоть 300, хоть 3000 долларов.

«Покупка Mac в наши дни — это, по сути, покупка ПК от Gucci. Процессор, платы и другое железо имеют ту же архитектуру, что и железо других брендов, — во многих случаях они идентичны. Единственное, что удерживает вас от запуска macOS на ПК, — это один дополнительный чип на материнской плате. Однако в итоге вы платите бешеные деньги за этот маленький логотип Apple на корпусе».

Gregg Schoenberger,
специалист по компьютерной безопасности и системный администратор, разработчик, бакалавр компьютерных наук, пользователь Quora

Обычно выбор операционки зависит от того, чем именно занимается человек и какой софт для работы ему нужен. Например, пользователи 3ds Max используют Windows, потому что этот самый Max существует только в версии для Windows. А пользователи Final Cut Pro, напротив, используют компьютеры Mac, потому что этот софт не работает на Windows.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Современные macOS и Windows 10 — удобные и инновационные операционные системы с кучей классных приложений, функций и инструментов. Поэтому многие разработчики констатируют, что выбирают одну или другую ОС просто потому, что им так привычнее.

Скриншот: Skillbox Media

Однако есть и третья коалиция — суровые линуксоиды, «бздуны», бубунтоводы и прочие маргиналы от IT, которые плюются от «проприетарщины» и давно сидят на Linux, BSD-системах :)

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Источник

2021: Windows 10 доминирует на компьютерах

Самые популярные операционные системы на компьютерах в мире по годам на видео ниже.

2017

Доля Windows 10 — 33%, Windows 7 — 43%

К концу 2017 года Windows 10 не смогла опередить Windows 7 и стать самой популярной компьютерной операционной системой в мире. Об этом свидетельствуют данные сервиса NetMarketShare, который берет в рассмотрение данные 160 млн уникальных пользователей, просматривающих более 40 тыс. веб-ресурсов по всему миру.

По итогам декабря 2017 года Windows 10 оказалась установлена почти на 33% десктопов и ноутбуков в глобальном масштабе против 23% годом ранее. Доля Windows 7 хотя и сократилась за год — с 47,7% до 43,1%, но все равно осталась выше, чем у более свежей платформы.

Динамика изменения долей компьютерных ОС, данные NetMarketShare

В ноябре 2017 года Microsoft сообщила об использовании Windows 10 на 600 млн устройств. Речь идет об устройствах, которыми активно пользуются люди не менее чем один раз в месяц. К такой электронике относятся компьютеры, планшеты, смартфоны, игровые консоли Xbox One, очки HoloLens и 84-дюймовые моноблоки Surface Hub.

Ранее в Microsoft прогнозировали, что к 2017-2018 годах в мире будет более 1 млрд устройств, которые будут использовать операционную систему Windows 10. Однако впоследствии компания отказалась от этого прогноза.

К концу 2017 года в активе Windows XP значилось 5,2% рынка операционных систем для ПК против 9,3% в 2016-м. Показатель присутствия Windows 8.1 уменьшился с 7,25% до 5,7%.

Все версии Windows к 31 декабря 2017 года установлены на 88,5% персональных компьютеров в мире. Доли macOS и Linux составили лишь 9% и 2,1% соответственно.

Сервис StatCounter, который учитывает более 15 млрд просмотров веб-страниц на 3 млн сайтах, приводит следующую статистику: под управлением Windows к концу декабря 2017 года работало 82,7% компьютеров в мире, на macOS — 13%. Около 89% российских пользователей ПК выбирают Windows, а среди них лидируют владельцы оборудования на Windows 7, доля которых превысила 50%. Второе место по распространению заняла ОС Windows 10 с результатом в 31,5%, третье — Windows 8.1 (8,9%). Далее расположились Windows XP (5,3%) и Windows 8 (2,6%).[1]

Конец эпохи: Windows больше не самая массовая ОС в интернете

Сайт StatCounter, специализирующийся на анализе веб-трафика, обнародовал весной 2017 года данные мирового рейтинга использования операционных систем. Как выяснилось, в марте 2017 г. по статистике использования интернета совокупно на настольных ПК, ноутбуках, планшетах и смартфонах мобильная ОС Android впервые в истории обогнала ОС Windows[2].

По данным исследователей, в марте 2017 г. Andoid занимал 37,93% интернет-рынка, в то время как Windows – 37,91%. Далее в рейтинге следует iOS.

Некие неизвестные аналитикам операционные системы заняли 2,85% рынка (более всего их пользователей находится в африканской Республике Мали и Папуа – Новой Гвинее), а ОС Linux – 0,75%.

В феврале 2017 г., по данным StatCounter, на Windows работали 38,6% интернет-пользователей, а на Android – 37,4%.

На карте, составленной экспертами, также есть данные об использовании ОС жителями территории России. Российские пользователи предпочитают выходить в интернет через Windows (70,28%), Android (13,76%), iOS (7,72%), OS X (5,08%) и «неизвестные операционные системы» — 1,82%.

Аналитики отмечают, что Windows по-прежнему доминирует на мировом рынке операционных настольных систем — ПК и ноутбуков – ОС на этих девайсах использует 84% посетителей интернета. «Windows выиграла войну за декстопы, но поле битвы изменилось», — резюмировал глава StatCounter.

По оценке аналитиков, наиболее крепко ОС Windows держится на рынке Северной Америки, где она сохранила лидерство на всех платформах – ее доля составила 39,5%, далее следует iOS (25,7%) и Android (21,2%).

В Европе Windows практически в два раза обгоняет Android — 51,7% против 23,6%. По уже понятным причинам позиции Android оказались прочнее всего в странах Азии. Здесь мобильная ОС занимает 52,2% в сравнении с 29,2% Windows.

2012

Январь 2012

ОС Windows XP от Microsoft вновь потеряла большую долю рынка в декабре 2011 года, поскольку пользователи продолжали переход с операционной системы десятилетней давности на Windows 7.

Согласно данным компании Net Applications, при среднем арифметическом в 46,5%, Windows XP потеряла 2,4 процентных пункта к концу декабря, что стало очередным минимумом для «пожилой» ОС. Это месячное падение почти полностью соответствует октябрьской отметке в 2,5 пункта. В течение четырёх месяцев, с сентября по декабрь, по состоянию на 1 сентября XP потеряла более 11%, упав почти на шесть процентных пунктов в течение этого периода.

За предыдущие четыре месяца — с мая по август, XP потеряла лишь 3,4 пункта или около 8,5% доли, которой она владела по состоянию на 1 мая. Выгоду от падения доли XP получила Windows 7, именно она была бенефициаром этого снижения, набирая 2,4 процентных пункта в прошлом месяце и достигнув доли в 37%. И в течение тех четырёх месяцев, когда XP потеряла 5,9 баллов, Windows 7 подросла на 6,4 пункта, выбрав на себя люфт не только этой старой ОС, но и Windows Vista.

Если сложившаяся тенденция повторится, в январе Windows XP потеряет ещё большую часть: в 2009 и 2010 годах доля XP падала на 40%-48% больше в январе, в сравнении с предыдущим месяцем. Вероятно, это происходило из-за покупки в конце года новых ПК, укомплектованных Windows 7. Учитывая это, в текущем месяце доля XP может упасть ещё на 3,5 пункта.

Нарастающее количество отказов от использования XP доказывает — пользователи получили сигнал Microsoft о том, что эта операционная система должна быть предана забвению. В июле Microsoft дала понять клиентам: «настало время двигаться дальше», напоминая всем, что поддержка этой ОС будет прекращена в апреле 2014 года. Перед этим команда разработки Internet Explorer, объясняя, почему она не будет запускать IE9 на XP, оценила эту ОС как «наименьший общий знаменатель».

Два месяца назад, Microsoft тихо празднуя 10-летие запуска XP в розницу, для продвижения Windows 7 и свёртывания XP запустила рекламную компанию под девизом: «Кто не идёт вперёд, пятится назад». Из 12,4 процентных пунктов, которые XP потеряла в последние 12 месяцев, почти половина — в последние четыре. Это означает, что поспешное ослабление XP изменит дату потери ею своего ведущего места в экосистеме Microsoft.

Становятся заметными прогнозы на основе данных Net Applications, говорящие о том, что Windows 7 станет самой широко распространённой версией в апреле — на несколько месяцев раньше, в отличие от предыдущих оценок. К тому времени дебютирует Windows 8. По мнению аналитика издания ComputerWorld Грега Кейцера (Gregg Keizer), октябрь кажется наиболее вероятным периодом начала её продаж. Windows 7 уже захватит от 50% до 52% рынка.

В прошедшем месяце доля Windows 8 незначительно выросла — до 0,05% с 0,03% в ноябре или до пяти ПК из каждых 10 тыс. Это операционная система ещё не достигла стадии бета — Microsoft планирует выпуск релиза на конец февраля.

Из графика видно как идут навстречу друг другу доли Windows XP и Windows 7. Последняя, как ожидается, станет №1 в апреле 2012 года. Данные: Net Applications

2011

С сентября по декабрь 2011 года включительно усилился отток пользователей ОС Windows XP по мере их перехода на Windows 7. Доля Windows 8 достигла 0,05%.

Октябрь 2011

На мировом рынке операционных систем продолжается стремительное падение Windows XP: в октябре этого года система с десятилетней историей показала максимальное падение за все время своего существования. По данным компании Net Applications, падение XP во многом обусловлено растущей популярностью Windows 7, которая на данный момент управляет каждым третьим компьютером в мире.

Доля Windows XP в октябре уменьшилась на 2,5% и составила 48%. В то же время доля Windows 7 выросла на 2,2% до 34,6%. XP в последние два месяца показало беспрецедентное снижение на 4,4% и более чем на 7% от своей доли в августе. Скорее всего, ускорило этот процесс заявление Microsoft, что XP, впервые вышедшая в 2001 году, больше не будет поддерживаться корпорацией.

Динамика долей ОС семейства Windows на мировом рынке 2009-2011 годы

Источник: Net Applications, октябрь 2011 года 

В июле Microsoft сообщила клиентам, что «пришло время отказаться от XP», напомнив, что поддержка этой ОС окончательно прекратиться через три года. Ранее в этом году топ-менеджеры подразделения, отвечающего за разработку браузера Internet Explorer (браузер) (IE), также сообщили, что на базе XP уже не смогу работать браузеры от версии IE9 и выше.

По словам Майкла Силвера (Michael Silver), аналитика Gartner, этот месседж дошел до большинства компаний. «По нашим оценкам, 10% предприятий уже мигрировали на «семерку», 55% — находятся в процессе миграции, 25% — только начинают ее, а еще 10% пока не собираются переходить на Windows 7», — отметил он. . Дедлайном для отказа от Windows XP является апрель 2014 года: после этой даты корпорация перестанет выпускать патчи для этой версии. «Предприятия просто не смогут использовать ОС, не отвечающую требованиям безопасности», — считает Силвер.

Усложняет процесс падения XP и восхождения 7 еще и то обстоятельство, что Microsoft уже занимается подготовкой новой версии, Windows 8. Как и многие другие аналитики, Силвер не испытывает оптимизма относительно потенциального успеха этой версии на корпоративном рынке, поскольку большинство компаний уже озадачено переходом на «семерку». Он сказал, что предприятия будут испытывать «усталость от обновления», так что выход «восьмерки» вряд ли вызовет большой энтузиазм.

Также в этом отчете уделяется внимание и злополучной Windows Vista, релиз которой состоялся до седьмой версии, в начале 2007 года. По данным Net Applications, доля Vista на мировом рынке ОС в октябре составила всего 8,9%, она снизилась на 1% за последний квартал и в целом на 4,5% за весь последний год. Этой ОС так и не удалось преодолеть барьер в 20% рынка: в октябре 2009 года ее доля достигла 19,1%, но в том же месяце вышла Windows 7.

2010

Январь 2010

Июль 2010

По состоянию на июль 2010 г. операционные системы семейства Windows были установлены на 91,32% действующих в мире компьютеров, тогда как доля Mac OS X составила 5,06% и Linux — 0,93%. Другие платформы заняли 2,69%.

Источник: Net Applications

В июле 2010 г. число компьютеров в мире, на которых установлена операционная система Windows 7, впервые превысило число компьютеров с ее предшественницей. Доля первой достигла 14,46%, тогда как доля Windows Vista в июле составила 14,34%. Месяцем ранее системам принадлежало 13,70% и 14,68% инсталлированной базы, а в начале года — 7,57% и 17,47% соответственно. Таким образом, налицо постепенное распространение Windows 7, которая замещает предыдущую версию платформы, сообщает Net Applications.

Источник: Net Applications

Тем временем выпущенная в 2001 г. операционная система Windows XP по-прежнему продолжает занимать львиную долю мировой инсталлированной базы систем семейства Microsoft Windows, которая составляет 61,87%, более чем в два раза больше по сравнению с Windows 7 и Vista, вместе взятыми. Однако доля XP также сокращается и более стремительными темпами в сравнении с Vista.

В июле 2010 года в Microsoft объявили о том, что к настоящему моменту реализовали 175 млн лицензионных копий Windows 7, вышедшей в продажу в октябре 2009-го.

Доход вендоров на мировом рынке операционных систем в 2010 году составил 30,4 млрд. долл., что на 7,8% выше 2009 года, сообщает Gartner. Серверная Linux и Mac OS были самыми быстро растущими подсегментами среди серверных и клиентских ОС соответственно, и Microsoft сохранила свое лидирующее положение на рынке ОС в целом с общей долей 78,6%.

В сегменте клиентских ОС Mac OS была самым быстро растущим подсегментом в 2010 году ввиду значительного роста поставок настольных компьютеров и ноутбуков Macintosh, хотя и с гораздо более низкой базы. Клиентская Windows продолжала доминировать в сегменте клиентских ОС с ростом выше 5%, в том числе благодаря принятию Windows 7 в свете скорого окончания поддержки XP.

Microsoft имела самую большую долю на мировом рынке ОС в 2010 году — 78,6% с огромным отрывом от соперников. Второе и третье место занимали IBM и HP с долей рынка 7,5% и 3,7% соответственно. Oracle поднялась с восьмого места в 2009 г. до четвертого в 2010-м благодаря покупке Sun Microsystems с ее ОС Solaris в апреле 2009 г.

Клиентская ОС Windows показала более высокий рост (на 9,2%), чем серверная ОС Windows (на 7,5%). Новая волна обновлений ПК после рецессии была главным источником успеха клиентской Windows. Кроме того, Windows 7 была принята рынком как преемник Vista и XP. Ожидаемое окончание срока поддержки XP в начале 2014 года подтолкнуло организации ускорить переход на Windows 7 во второй половине 2010 г.

Среди трех ОС, которыми владеет IBM, AIX показала самый высокий рост (на 9,2%) благодаря популярности линейки Power System. Консолидация платформ System p и System i и стратегия активного продвижения AIX привели к слабому росту System i в 2010 году (на 2,7%).

HP-UX сумела сохранить умеренный рост (на 3,7%). Однако доход HP от проприетарной Unix и других проприетарных ОС продолжал снижаться ввиду прекращения разработки Tru64 и сокращения поставок критически важных для бизнеса систем, таких как NonStop и OpenVMS.

Доход Oracle от Solaris снизился на 3,2% в 2010 году ввиду неуверенности заказчиков в готовности компании продолжать разработку этой ОС, хотя Oracle сделала несколько заявлений, чтобы снять эти опасения. Версия Linux в распоряжении Oracle (известная под названием Unbreakable Linux) показала рост почти на 200% в 2010 году (хотя и с малой базы), что подтвердило стремление Oracle уменьшить свою зависимость от Unix- и Linux-версий других вендоров.

Red Hat доминировала в сегменте коммерческих серверных версий Linux. Доход от серверных лицензий на Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) в 2010 году вырос на 18,6% до 592 млн. долл., что составляет 58,2% всего рынка серверных версий Linux. По мнению Gartner, это демонстрирует, что рынок принял Linux как жизнеспособную альтернативу Unix и другим проприетарным ОС для критически важных приложений.

Mac OS показала рост дохода в 2010 году на 15,8% до 520 млн. долл. благодаря сильным продажам настольных компьютеров и ноутбуков Macintosh. Позиционирование Mac OS как «самой стильной» клиентской операционной системы привлекло лояльных пользователей на устройства и платформы Apple. Постоянные инновации компании на рынке мобильных устройств, прежде всего смартфонов и планшетов, помогли продажам других устройств Apple и продолжат двигать продажи Mac OS.

Смотрите также

  • Читать дальше >>>
  • Операционные системы для мобильных платформ (мировой рынок)
  • Операционные системы (рынок США)
  • Операционные системы (рынок России)
  • Операционные системы (архитектура)

Примечания

  1. ↑ NetMarketShare: Windows 10 still has quite some way to go to beat Windows 7’s share
  2. ↑ Конец эпохи: Windows больше не самая массовая ОС в интернете
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