Как установить cygwin на windows 10

Installing and Updating Cygwin Packages

Installing and Updating Cygwin for 64-bit versions of Windows

Run setup-x86_64.exe any time you want to
update or install a Cygwin package for 64-bit windows.

The signature
for setup-x86_64.exe can be used to verify the
validity of this binary using the public
key here.

General installation notes

When installing packages for the first time, the setup program
does not install every package. Only the minimal base packages
from the Cygwin distribution are installed by default, which takes up about 100 MB.

Clicking on categories and packages in the setup program package installation
screen allows you to select what is installed or updated.

Individual packages like bash, gcc, less, etc.
are released independently of the Cygwin DLL, so the Cygwin DLL version is not
useful as a general Cygwin release number. The setup program
tracks the versions of all installed components and provides the mechanism
for installing or updating everything available from this site for
Cygwin.

Once you’ve installed your desired subset of the Cygwin distribution,
the setup program will remember what you selected, so re-running it
will update your system with any new package releases.

The setup program will check by default if it runs with administrative
privileges and, if not, will try to elevate the process. If you want to avoid
this behaviour and install under an unprivileged account just for your own
usage, run setup with the --no-admin option.

Q: How do I add a package to my existing Cygwin installation?

A: Run the setup program and select the package you want to add.

Tip: if you don’t want to also upgrade existing packages, select ‘Keep’ at the
top-right of the package chooser page.

Q: Is there a command-line installer?

A: Yes and no. The setup program understands
command-line
arguments which allow you to control its behavior and choose
individual packages to install. While this provides some functionality
similar to such tools as apt-get or yum it is not as
full-featured as those package managers.

Q: Why not use apt, yum, my
favourite package manager, etc.?

A: The basic reason for not using a more full-featured package manager is that
such a program would need full access to all of Cygwin’s POSIX functionality. That
is, however, difficult to provide in a Cygwin-free environment, such as exists on
first installation. Additionally, Windows does not easily allow overwriting of
in-use executables so installing a new version of the Cygwin DLL while a package
manager is using the DLL is problematic.

Q: How do I install everything?

A: You do not want to do this! This will install an enormous number of packages
that you will never use, including debuginfo and source for every package.

If you really must do this, clicking on the «Default» label next to the
«All» category to change it to «Install» will mark every Cygwin package for
installation. Be advised that this will download and install tens of gigabytes
of files to your computer.

Q: How do I verify the signature of setup?

A: e.g.

$ gpg --recv-key 1A698DE9E2E56300
gpg: requesting key 1A698DE9E2E56300 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net
gpg: key 1A698DE9E2E56300: "Cygwin <cygwin@cygwin.com>" imported
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0  valid:   8  signed:   2  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 8u
gpg: depth: 1  valid:   2  signed:   0  trust: 2-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 0u
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

$ gpg --keyid-format=long --with-fingerprint --verify setup-x86_64.exe.sig setup-x86_64.exe
[...]
gpg: Signature made 12 Mar 2020 16:26:58 GMT
gpg:                using RSA key 1A698DE9E2E56300
gpg: Good signature from "Cygwin <cygwin@cygwin.com>"
Primary key fingerprint: 5640 5CF6 FCC8 1574 682A  5D56 1A69 8DE9 E2E5 6300

Q: What’s the hash of setup?

A: See here

Q: How can I do an offline install?

A1: Install without access to the internet, using a local package
repository

• Create a local copy of the package repository e.g. by
  using rsync on one
  of the mirrors.
• Move that copy to an accessible location, or copy it to removable media.
• Run setup, and enter the URL, path or UNC path of that repository when
  prompted to «Choose A Download Site».

A2: Install without access to the internet, using setup’s separate download
and install actions.

• Run setup in «Download without installing» mode somewhere it can access a
  mirror, with the desired packages selected.
• Run setup again in «Install from local directory» mode, with the same «Local
  package directory», and set of packages selected.

Q: How can I install the last Cygwin
version for an old, unsupported Windows?

A: Run setup with the options --allow-unsupported-windows
--site circa_URL:

Thanks to
the Cygwin
Time Machine for providing this archive.

A note about 32-bit Cygwin

The limited address space of 32-bit Windows means that
random
failures in the fork(2) system call are more likely. Therefore, we
recommend using 32-bit Cygwin only in limited scenarios, with only a minimum
of necessary packages installed, and only if there’s no way to run 64-bit
Cygwin instead.

You have been warned. If you’re still sure you really need a 32-bit
Cygwin, and there’s absolutely no way around it, you may use
the setup-x86.exe installer, following the
instructions above. The signature can be
used to verify the validity of this binary.

Q: How do I help improve setup?

A: See the setup
project page for more information.

GUI translations can be made and updated at
weblate.

This guide was tested under Windows 10. It should be work with other supported Windows Versions too.

Install Cygwin (without admin rights)¶

This documentation is based on Oliver Doepner’s IT blog. Thank you for your work Oliver.

1. Download setup-x86_64.exe.
2. Open command line window (WIN+R and type cmd).
3. Go to the download directory, e. g.:

   cd %USERPROFILE%\Downloads
   

4. Run setup-x86_64.exe with the --no-admin option:

   setup-x86_64.exe --no-admin
   

5. During installation select the wget package.
6. After installation open a Cygwin Terminal via Windows desktop shortcut.
7. If you are behind an internet proxy (for example on a company environment) create /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh for internet access:

   #!/usr/bin/env bash
   
   export http_proxy=http://your.proxy.server:proxy_port
   export https_proxy=http://your.proxy.server:proxy_port
   export ftp_proxy=http://your.proxy.server:proxy_port
   export no_proxy=localhost,.example.com
   

8. Now you need a file called /usr/local/bin/cyg-get. Downlaod it via

   wget -O /usr/local/bin/cyg-get https://gitlab.com/cogline.v3/cygwin/raw/master/cyg-get?inline=false
   

   Alternatively, you can also create the file yourself.

   #!/usr/bin/env bash
   
   # import proxy definition
   [[ -r /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh ]] && . /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh
   
   readonly SUCCESS=0
   readonly ERROR=1
   readonly E_WRONG_ARGS=2
   
   get_current_version()
   {
     cd /usr/local/bin
   
     [[ -e setup-x86_64.exe ]] && rm setup-x86_64.exe
     wget -q http://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe
     chmod u+x setup-x86_64.exe
   }
   
   main()
   {
     local all_parameters="$@"
     local params="--no-admin"
     local packages=
   
     while :; do
       case "$1" in
         install)
           params="${params} -q -P"
           shift
           # list of comma separated packages
           packages=$(echo $@|sed -e 's/\s\+/,/g')
           params="${params} ${packages}"
           ;;
         remove)
           params="${params} -q -x"
           shift
           packages=$(echo $@|sed -e 's/\s\+/,/g')
           params="${params} ${packages}"
           ;;
         update)
           params="${params} -q -g"
           get_current_version
           ;;
         # Unknonw option
         -?*)
           echo "unknown option: $1"
           exit $E_WRONG_ARGS
           ;;
         # Default case: If no more options then break out of the loop.
         *)
           get_current_version
           break
       esac
       shift
     done
   
     run /usr/local/bin/setup-x86_64.exe ${params}
     exit $SUCCESS
   }
   
   main "$@"
   

9. Make the script executable:

   chmod ugo+x /usr/local/bin/cyg-get
   

10. On the Windows desktop create a copy of the Cygwin terminal shortcut, rename it Cygwin Setup.
11. Edit the shortcut target, replace:

    mintty.exe -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico -
    

    with

    mintty.exe -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico /bin/bash -l -c 'cyg-get'
    

12. Now test it and execute the desktop shortcut or run cyg-get from the Cygwin command
    prompt.

Cygwin Package Management¶

With the created script /usr/local/bin/cyg-get you can do package management on command line like in a linux environment. Alternatively, you could also use the pure command-line tool apt-cyg.

Install packages¶

cyg-get install package_1 package_2 ... package_n

Remove packages¶

cyg-get remove package_1 package_2 ... package_n

Update all packages¶

Hello guys, welcome back to my blog. In this article, I will discuss how to install CGWIN on windows 10 step by step procedure, what is CYGWIN, the procedure for CYGWIN installation, how to use Cygwin to execute programs, etc.

If you have any doubts related to electrical, electronics, and computer science, then ask question. You can also catch me @ Instagram – Chetan Shidling. 

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How To Install CYGWIN On Windows 10

What is CYGWIN?

Cygwin is a distribution of several GNU and other Open-Source tools running on Microsoft Windows. Cygwin provides similar functionality as Linux distributions except on Windows. Cygwin is dll (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API layer giving Linux API functionality. Cygwin contains thousands of packages from the Open-Source world.

Cygwin is supported on all modern released versions of Windows – Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10, Windows Server 2008, and all later versions of Windows, except Windows S mode. Even though it is not possible to run Linux native apps on Windows directly, but it is certainly possible to rebuild those apps and run them on Windows.

How to install CYGWIN On Windows 10?

The steps below will help installing Cygwin on your system.

01. Step1: Download the installer file setup-x86_64.exe (64 bit) (recommended) and setupx86.exe(32 bit). The setup files can be downloaded from the Cygwin home page – https://cygwin.com/

02. Step2: Run the installer and start by hitting Next

03. Step 3: It is ok to choose any of the option as per your convenience however first-time installation is recommended to be installed from the internet as it downloads and install all the base packages by itself.

04. Step 4: Select the root directory for your Cygwin distribution on your Windows. You can choose any directory except It is recommended not choose the root directory of Cygwin directly as your root of Windows as it might throw errors later when as some critical Cygwin directories like etc, lib and bin might get corrupted by other non-Cygwin applications or packages that use \etc, \lib, \bin.

You can select Cygwin to be available for all the users on your system or you can choose Just Me as per your preference.

05. Step 5: Choose a local package directory for your Cygwin packages. This directory keeps all the files for the packages before installing them.

06. Step 6: Choose the type of connection.

07. Step 7: Choose the mirror nearest to you like this

08. Step 8: This will open you a dialogue box to select and view the package you want to install or which packages you already have by surfing from here. If you are installing Cygwin for the first time. You can select Full/Category to view all the packages Cygwin currently has.

09. Step 9: By default, Cygwin will install the base packages which includes script writing with vim, etc. You can also download the package according to your requirement however in this document we will be focusing on tools like make compiler collection for c and c++ and GNU debugger.

To select those,

• you can search the names directly in the search bar.
• check the box mentioning devel/debug.
• select on version you want to install.
• do this for all the packages you want to install.
• hit Next.

10. Step 10: For compiling c codes, debugging and using make command, these packages are to be installed.

• gcc-core (GNU Compiler Collection(C, OpenMP))
• gdb (The GNU Debugger)
• make (The GNU version of the make utility

11. Step 11: Shows you the list of files you are about to download and install. Hit Next

12. Step 12: This will start the process. It might take a while depending on the number of packages you are installing.

13. Step 13: Select and hit Next.

14. Step 14: This completes the installation part. Now a very important step is left which includes adding the bin directory of Cygwin to the path of the environment variables so that it can automatically detect the base directory.

• Go to the folder where Cygwin\bin is installed which in this case is C:\cygwin64\bin
• Copy this path.
• Go to the properties of My computer and navigate to Advanced System settings
• Click on environment Variables.

• Select Path and click on Edit.
• Click on New and paste the location of the Cygwin\bin
• Click Ok, Ok and Ok.

You are all set to work in a Linux environment on Windows.

Basic Keywords which may come in handy:

01. man = Displays the manual page for the given command (try “man man”). If you do not find the manual page for some of the commands given on these pages, I would guess that it is because it is one of the commands that are handled directly by bash – see if you find it at “man bash”.

02. pwd = “Print Working Directory” – tells you in which directory you are.

03. ls = lists the files in the current directory (except the hidden ones)

04. cd = “Change Directory”. Give the name of the directory you want to be your new current directory – either relative to where you are, or absolute, relative to the file system tree “root” at “/”.

05. cp = “Copy” a file: “cp hello1.c hello2.c” will make hello2.c a copy of hello1.c

06. mv =move (and/or rename) a file.

07. rm = remove/delete a file.

08. mkdir =makes a new directory

09. rmdir =removes a directory

How to use Cygwin to execute programs?

01. Open the Cygwin Terminal and move to the directory to store the program.

02. Create any C source file let’s say “hello.c” using the command $ touch hello.c in the specified directory (or create it manually using:

• Open an editor for instance Notepad ++ is used for reference here.
• Write the program and save it as hello (for example) with a C source file extension i.e., hello.c.

03. Open the C source file in any text editor, write your program and save.

04. Now to create an executable use the command:

$ gcc hello.c -o hello.exe

05. This will create an executable file for the program “hello”.

06. To run the executable just use the command:

$ ./hello.exe

Here ./ represents the exact address of the file hello.exe from the root. Instead of the ./ we can also use the full path of the executable hello.exe .

Thank you for reading ” How To Install CYGWIN On Windows 10 “. I hope this article ” How To Install CYGWIN On Windows 10 ” may help you all a lot.

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