Как подключиться к samba серверу из windows

Пожалуй нет ни одного офиса, в котором не применялись бы общие ресурсы локальной сети, будь то папки или принтеры. Крупные и средние компании используют возможности Active Directory, компании поменьше – используют штатные средства ОС Windows или Samba, но на серверах под управлением ОС Linux. Рассмотрим все случаи, как настроить Samba.

Настройка общих папок в Linux

Установка и настройка Samba-сервер для Ubuntu выполняется следующими этапами.

Важно! По умолчанию, директория /media располагается в корне системы /, для нее редко создается свой раздел. По этой причине возможно переполнение корневого раздела. Во избежание этой неприятной ситуации, рекомендуем монтировать отдельный жесткий диск в /media/samba.

Также следует воспользоваться командой chown для смены владельца и/или группы.

Сохраняем используя сочетание Ctrl + X, затем нажимаем Y и Enter.

Объясним значения строк. конфигурационный файл состоит из трех секций:

global – данная секция отвечает за общие настройки Samba-сервера;

public и private – секции описания настроек директорий общего доступа.

В секции global присутствуют пять параметров:

• workgroup – рабочая группа. Для упрощения работы пользователей WORKGROUP указывается, как группа по умолчанию. Если в вашей сети имя рабочей группы изменено, то следует изменить это значение и для Samba;
• security – уровень безопасности сервера. Значение user означает авторизацию по паре логин/пароль;
• map to guest – параметр определяет способ обработки запросов. Значение bad user означает, что запросы с неправильным паролем будут отклонены, даже если такое имя пользователя существует;
• wins support – включить или выключить поддержку WINS;
• dns proxy – возможность проксирования запросов к DNS.

Настройки директорий выполняются в соответствующих секциях:

path – полный путь до директории на жестком диске;

guest ok – возможность доступа к каталогу без пароля (гостевой);

browsable – показывать ли каталог (“шару”) на сервере среди прочих. Если параметр установлен как “no”, то доступ будет возможен по полному пути, например ip-addresshidden_directory;

force user – пользователь от которого ведется работа с каталогом. Для повышения безопасности сервера, обычно используют nobody. Главное, не использовать пользователя root – это небезопасно.

writable – установка значения как “yes” позволяет пользователю выполнять действия над файлами внутри каталога – переименование, добавление, удаление, перемещение в подкаталог и копирование;

valid users – список пользователей у которых есть доступ к каталогу. Если пользователей несколько, их имена указываются через запятую. Если необходим доступ для пользователей принадлежащих группе, перед именем группы устанавливается символ ”at” @ (“собака”).

Важно! Имя директории общего доступа, отображаемое пользователям, равно имени секции в которой оно описано.

Настройка общих папок в Windows

Подключение к общим папкам из Linux

Важно! Если требуется подключение к общим папкам расположенным на Windows-сервере, то в для не защищенных паролем директорий, в качестве имени пользователя, следует использовать “Everyone”. Для подключения к Linux-серверу рекомендуем использовать в качестве имени пользователя “nobody”. В случае доступа к защищенным директориям следует использовать те учетные данные, которые вы указали.

Подключение к общим папкам из Windows

Как создать общий сетевой ресурс в Samba

Создайте директорию, которую в хотите сделать общей:

mkdir /home//

Создайте бэкап, если что-то пойдет не так:

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf ~

Отредактируйте файл “/etc/samba/smb.conf”:

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

Добавьте следующее содержимое в файл:

[]
path = /home//
valid users =
read only = no

Заполните файл своими данными, сохраните его и затем закройте

Перезапустим Samba:

sudo service smbd restart

Использую данную команду проверьте вашу директорию smb.conf на ошибки:

testparm

Чтобы получить доступ к вашему общему сетевому ресурсу:

sudo apt-get install smbclient
# Просмотр всех общих ресурсов:
smbclient -L /// -U
# Подключение:
smbclient /// -U

Note 1: Чтобы подключиться к вашему общему сетевому ресурсу используйте имя вашего пользователя () и пароль, который находится “smb:////”
Учтите, что “” значение передается в “[]”,
другими словами, имя общего ресурса, которое вы ввели в “/etc/samba/smb.conf”.
Note 2: Группа пользователей samba по умолчанию это – “WORKGROUP”.

If you are searching for a compatible and open source software for accessing and sharing files, folders and other data, then come across the Samba share. It provides a cross-platform adaptable environment between Windows and other systems. In this tutorial, I have outlined every ins and outs on how to access Samba share from Windows. So, go over it, try accessing Samba share from your Windows and leverage the benefits of this interoperable service.

Key Takeaways

• Learning basic commands of the command prompt, PowerShell.
• Understanding the fact of accessing Samba shares from Windows.
• Learning how to connect and disconnect Samba drives.

Requirements

• Users must have Samba already installed and configured properly.
• Users must have Samba connection on.

Process Flow Chart

[Windows Used Throughout the Tutorial: Windows 10]

You can easily access samba share from Windows only employing some compact and effortless steps. Here, I am going to introduce two types of methods that will help you to access the Samba share.

In the following section, I will show two cases of GUI (Graphical User Interface) for accessing Samba share from Windows.

To access Samba share using File Explorer follow the manual procedure shown below:

Steps to Follow >

➊ Press WIN+E or you can click on the Folder icon like the image below to open file explorer:❷ Enter the path of the Samba share in the address bar like the format below and click ENTER:

\\192.168.231.128\sambashare

Here, ‘192.168.231.128’ is my system’s IP address and ‘sambashare’ is the folder I want to share.

❸ Now, enter your network credentials when prompted to you and click OK.❹ Once done with the connection, you can access all the shared files and folders inside the shared one.Following the above steps, I can access the new_samba folder inside the Samba share.

Map Network Drive is another way of accessing Samba share. Follow the steps to exercise it:

Steps to Follow >

➊ Go to file explorer and click on Map network drive under the Computer tab like the following image:❷ Now, choose a Drive, enter the path for the Samba share and click Finish.From the image, you can see that I have chosen drive B: for my desired Samba share.

❸ If there prompts the credential requirements, then provide your user name and Samba password.After this, you can see that the Samba shared folder has been mapped to the selected drive.❹ Now, double click on the new drive and you can access the files and folders inside the Samba share.From the snapshot above, you can see that I can access my new_samba folder inside sambashare.

Read More: Install, Configure and Connect Samba on Ubuntu Using GUI

Below I will demonstrate two different cases of ‘Command line shell’ for accessing Samba share from Windows.

To access the Samba shares’ contents from the command prompt follow the steps below:

Steps to Follow >

➊ Press WIN+R, type cmd and hit ENTER. You will prompt to the command line interface.

❷ Now, write the following command in the command prompt to connect to the Samba share:

net use P: \\192.168.231.128\sambashare /user:nadiba 1234

If the given credentials are correct, you will see ‘The command completed successfully.’ like the above image.

❸ You will find then that the Samba share has been mapped to the assigned drive letter like the following image:Thus, you can access the samba shares’ contents.

You can also access Samba shares from PowerShell by following the given steps:

Steps to Follow >

➊ First, open PowerShell and write the following command to create a new drive:

New-PSDrive -Name A -PSProvider FileSystem -Root \\192.168.231.128\sambashare -Credential (Get-Credential)

❷ Now, you will prompt to a new window to provide the Samba username and password. Provide the requirements and click OK.You can see in the following screenshot that the Samba share has been mapped to the specific drive you chose.❸ Now, you can navigate to the drive whenever you want by running the command below:

cd A:

After navigating to the new Samba drive you can interact with the contents in the Samba share.

Read More: How to Install, Configure and Connect Samba Client on Ubuntu

Comparative Analysis of Methods

While accessing Samba share from Windows, you have two options- using GUI or command line shell. Let’s make a comparative analysis between these two methods.

Overall, both methods are preferable with their individual specifications. Which method to choose totally depends on the user’s preference, experience level and individual perspective.

Complementary Information

Besides the previous discussion regarding access to Samba share, the below information might interest you.

How to Open PowerShell

There are several ways to open PowerShell in Windows. I have mentioned three easy processes below:

1. Open PowerShell Using File Explorer

Press WIN+E and type powershell in the address bar and tap ENTER.

2. Open PowerShell Using Run Dialog

Press WIN+R, write powershell and click OK.

Click on the Start menu at the bottom-left of the screen, scroll and expand the Windows PowerShell folder and then click on ‘Windows PowerShell’ option.All of these three processes will open the PowerShell application in your Windows like the above image.

How to Perform Several Tasks on Samba Drive Using PowerShell

Using PowerShell you can view the listed contents, add new items or remove the whole Samba drive. Follow the detailed execution mentioned below:

List Contents

After navigating to the assigned Samba drive, you can list all the contents inside the Samba share using the command below:

Get-ChildItem

You can see from the image that I have navigated to drive A and can see the new_samba folder inside sambashare folder.

Create New Items

To create new files in a mounted Samba drive use the command below:

New-Item -ItemType File -Path A:\new_samba\samba.txt

You can see a new file ‘samba.txt’ has been added to the new_samba folder inside Samba drive.

Remove Drive Mapping

Once done accessing Samba share, you can remove the mapped Samba drive using the following command:

Remove-PSDrive -Name A

Also, you can check if the drive has successfully been removed or not by running the syntax below:

Get-PSDrive -Name A

From the above image, it is clear that the drive ‘A’ is removed successfully.

Conclusion

Samba share integrates collaboration in mixed operating systems. So, to confirm seamless access to Samba share from Windows you must configure the Samba server and set permissions properly. Also, ensure that Windows and Linux machines are on the same network.

People Also Ask

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• How to Access Shared Folder in Ubuntu [2 Methods]
• How to Install and Configure Samba Server in Ubuntu? [4 Steps]
• How to Copy File from Windows to Linux Using SSH [2 Methods]
• How to Share Files between Linux and Windows Dual Boot [3 Methods]

• Data Centers

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• Open source

The samba package is a meta-package intended to be installed on file and printer sharing servers. Clients do not need this meta-package (you are acting as a client if you need to access files on another computer). For example, installing samba is not necessary if you only need your Ubuntu system to do any of the following:

• Access shared folders, drives and printers on a Windows computer (that is, act as a client with Windows servers). To do this, you only need the smbfs plugin. See MountWindowsSharesPermanently for more information.

• Have your Windows computer use (via a network) a printer that is attached to a Linux computer. CUPS can be configured to make the printer accessible to the network.

• Share directories between two Linux computers. You can use NFS or setup an SSH server on one computer and access it from other computers using an scp or sftp client, or Places -> Connect to Server… and choose «SSH» as the service type.

Ubuntu Clients

Ubuntu and Gnome make it easy to access files on a Windows network share. Open the Places Menu, then click on Network. You will see a Windows network icon. Double-click to open it. The next window shows all the domains/workgroups found on your network. Inside each domain/workgroup you will see all the computers on the domain/workgroup with sharing enabled. Double-click on a computer icon to access its shares and files.

• If you want to be able to share folders with nautilus (the file browser), install the nautilus-share package (installed by default in Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop edition):

sudo apt-get install nautilus-share

Alternate: From the menu at the top select «Location» -> «Connect to a server». In the «Service type» pull down select «Windows share». Enter the server ip address in the «Server:» box and the share name in the «Share:» box. Click «Connect» and then «Connect» again on the second dialog box

Alternate 12.04: Double clicking on ‘Windows network’ did not work for me. So I went to ‘Go’ menu in the nautilus file browser and clicked ‘Location’. I got an address bar at the top of the window. I entered «smb://192.168.2.148» (substitute the IP address of your Samba server) — I was presented with user/password window — After typing in user/passwd I was able to see the samba shares on the server and browse the files/folders.

Note: The default installation of Samba does not synchronize passwords. You may have to run «smbpasswd» for each user that needs to have access to his Ubuntu home directory from Microsoft Windows.

Windows Clients (XP,Server,Vista, Win7)

Microsoft Windows clients connect and browse through their corresponding network interface.

Example: XP clients can open Windows Network Neighborhood or My Network Places to browse available SMB shares.

Samba Client — Manual Configuration

This section covers how to manually configure and connect to a SMB file server from an Ubuntu client. smbclient is a command line tool similar to a ftp connection while smbfs allows you to mount a SMB file share. Once a SMB share is mounted it acts similar to a local hard drive (you can access the SMB share with your file browser (nautilus, konqueror, thunar, other).

Connecting to a Samba File Server from the command line

Connecting from the command line is similar to a ftp connection.

List public SMB shares with

smbclient -L //server -U user

Connect to a SMB share with

smbclient //server/share -U user

Enter you user password.

You can connect directly with

smbclient //server/share -U user%password

but your password will show on the screen (less secure).

Once connected you will get a prompt that looks like this :

smb: \>

Type «help» , without quotes, at the prompt for a list of available commands.

Connecting using CIFS

CIFS is included in the smbfs package and is a replacement for smbfs (I know, the terminology here is a little confusing).

Reference : http://linux-cifs.samba.org/

As above, install by any method, smbfs, on Ubuntu 12.10, smbfs has been replaced by cifs-utils.

Allow non-root users to mount SMB shares

By default only root may mount SMB shares on the command line. To allow non-root users to mount SMB shares you could set the SUID, but I advise you configure sudo. You should configure sudo with visudo

You may either allow the group «users» to mount SMB shares, or add a group, samba, and add users you wish to allow to mount SMB shares to the samba group.

sudo groupadd samba
sudo adduser user samba

Change «user» to the username you wish to add to the samba group.

sudo visudo

In the «group» section add your group you wish to allow to mount SMB shares

Add a line  in the "group" section :
## Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
%samba   ALL=(ALL) /bin/mount,/bin/umount,/sbin/mount.cifs,/sbin/umount.cifs

Change «%samba» to «%users» if you wish to allow members of the users group to mount SMB shares.

The following will mount the myshare folder on myserver to ~/mnt (it will be in your home directory):

mkdir ~/mnt
sudo mount -t cifs //myserver_ip_address/myshare ~/mnt -o username=samb_user,noexec

Note: «samba_user» = the user name on the samba server (may be different from your log-in name on the client).

The «noexec» option prevents executable scripts running from the SMB share.

You will be asked for BOTH your sudo and then your samba_user password.

To umount,

sudo umount ~/mnt

Automagically mount SMB shares

In order to have a share mounted automatically every time you reboot, you need to do the following:

With any editor, create a file containing your Windows/Samba user account details:

gksu gedit /etc/samba/user

KDE users must use kdesu rather than gksu and instead of Gedit they can use Kwrite as editor.

… it should contain two lines as follows:

username=samba_user
password=samba_user_password

Note: «samba_user» = the user name on the samba server (may be different from your log-in name on the client). «samba_user_password» is the password you assigned to the samba_user on the samba server.

Save the file and exit gedit.

Change the permissions on the file for security:

sudo chmod 0400 /etc/samba/user # permissions of 0400 = read only

Now create a directory where you want to mount your share (e.g. /media/samba_share):

sudo mkdir /media/samba_share

Now, using any editor, and add a line to /etc/fstab for your SMB share as follows:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
gksu gedit /etc/fstab

Add a line for your SMB share:

//myserver_ip_address/myshare  /media/samba_share  cifs  credentials=/etc/samba/user,noexec  0 0

The share will mount automatically when you boot. The «noexec» option prevents executable scripts running from the SMB share.

To mount the share now, without rebooting,

sudo mount /media/samba_share

You can unmount the share with :

sudo umount /media/samba_share

If you wish to increase security at the expense of convenience, use this line in /etc/fstab

//myserver_ip_address/myshare  /media/samba_share  cifs  noauto,credentials=/etc/samba/user,noexec  0 0

The noexec» option prevents executable scripts running from the SMB share.

Edit /etc/samba/user, remove the password (leave just the samba user).

Now the share will NOT automatically mount when you boot and you will be asked for your samba password.

Mount the share with :

sudo mount /media/samba_share

CIFS may cause a shutdown error.

CIFS VFS: Server not responding.

There is a fix in the troubleshooting section of this forum post.

Back to top

Connecting using SMBFS (deprecated)

Note: This method still works, but as outlined under the «CIFS» section above is «deprecated» (no longer maintained and pending removal from the kernel).

Mounting a share on the local filesystem allows you to work around programs that do not yet use GnomeVFS to browse remote shares transparently. To mount a SMB share, first install smbfs:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install smbfs

To allow non root accounts to mount shares, change the permissions on the smbmnt program thus:

sudo chmod u+s /usr/bin/smbmnt /usr/bin/smbumount

---

Note: This may be a security risk as after setting the SUID bit anyone can mount a SMB share. I advise you configure sudo, as above.

The working line in /etc/sudoers is as follows (see CIFS section above):

%samba   ALL=(ALL) /bin/mount,/bin/umount,/sbin/mount.cifs,/sbin/umount.cifs,/usr/bin/smbmount,/usr/bin/smbumount

This allows any user in the samba group to mount SMB shares (you will need to create a samba group and add users).

The following will mount the myshare folder on myserver to ~/mnt (it will be in your home directory):

---

mkdir ~/mnt
smbmount //myserver/myshare ~/mnt

To umount,

smbumount ~/mnt

In order to have a share mounted automatically every time you reboot, you need to do the following:

Open a shell as root

sudo -s

Create a file containing your Windows/Samba user account details:

vi /etc/samba/user

…it should contain two lines as follows:

username=george
password=secret

Change the permissions on the file for security:

chmod 0600 /etc/samba/user

Now create a directory where you want to mount your share (e.g. /mnt/data):

mkdir /mnt/data

Now edit the file system table (/etc/fstab) and add a line as follows:

//server/share   /mnt/data   smbfs   credentials=/etc/samba/user,rw,uid=bob   0   0

…where ‘bob’ is the non-root user you log into ubuntu with, ‘server’ is the name or address of the Windows machine and ‘share’ is the name of the share.

To mount the share now, just use the following command as root. It will mount automatically on subsequent reboots.

mount /mnt/data

to be continued…

Ubuntu Client

On the Ubuntu client using the menu at the top, go to «Places» -> «Network». You will see an icon «Windows network» and should be able to browse to your shared folder. You will be asked for a password, leave it blank. Click the «Connect button.

(no need for a password).

If you would like to mount your SMB share using your (server) hostname rather than the IP Address, edit /etc/hosts and add your samba server (syntax IP Address hostname).

192.168.1.100    hostname

Where «hostname» = the name of your samba server.

Windows Client

On Windows open «My Computer» and navigate to «My Network Places». Navigate to your Ubuntu server and your share will be available without a password.

Alternate : From the menu at the top select «Tools» -> «Map Network Drive». Select an available letter for your SMB share (Default is z: ). In the «Folder:» box enter \\samba_server_ipaddress\share. Tic (Select with the mouse) the option «Reconnect at login» if you want the share to be automatically mounted when you boot Windows. Click the «Finish» box. A dialog box will appear, enter your samba user name and password. Click «OK».

If you would like to mount your SMB share using your (server) hostname rather than the IP Address, edit C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts and add your samba server (syntax IP Address hostname).

192.168.1.100    hostname

Where «hostname» = the name of your samba server.

A way to copy files in windows from a Samba Share is by using  Windows Explorer. You can mount your Linux VPS disk in Windows using the SMB/CIFS protocol, this guide will show you how to do that by installing Samba on a VPS and then by mounting that directory on a Windows machine.

Create a specific user that will not be able to login via SSH and the Samba share will point to that user’s home directory, there should be no access outside of this directory.

Installation

The installation begins with the following command: