Installing node red on windows

This page gives specific instructions on setting up Node-RED in a Microsoft Windows environment. The instructions are specific to Windows 10. They may also work for Windows 7 and Windows Server from 2008R2, but it is advisable not to use them due to lack of current support.

Note : Some of the following instructions mention the «command prompt». Where this is used, it refers to either the Windows cmd or PowerShell terminal shells. It is recommended to use PowerShell on all newer versions of Windows as this gives you access to commands and folder names that are closer to those of Linux/Mac.

Quick Start

1. Install Node.js

Download the latest LTS version of Node.js from the official Node.js home page. It will offer you the best version for your system.

Run the downloaded MSI file. Installing Node.js requires local administrator rights; if you are not a local
administrator, you will be prompted for an administrator password on install. Accept the defaults when installing. After installation completes, close any open command prompts and re-open to ensure new environment variables
are picked up.

Once installed, open a command prompt and run the following command to ensure Node.js and npm are installed correctly.

Using Powershell: node --version; npm --version

Using cmd: node --version && npm --version

You should receive back output that looks similar to:

2. Install Node-RED

Installing Node-RED as a global module adds the command node-red to your system path. Execute the following at the command prompt:

npm install -g --unsafe-perm node-red

3. Run Node-RED

Once installed, you are ready to run Node-RED.

Alternative Installations on Windows

In this section, we provide you with information on alternative ways to install Node.js, npm and the Windows Build Tools needed to install some Nodes for Node-RED on Windows.

Note : You should not use an administrative (a.k.a. «elevated») command prompt unless specifically instructed to. You will very likely need to be quite familiar with command prompts as you learn about Node-RED and Node.js and it will be worth while reading some of the Microsoft articles on PowerShell. the PowerShell Tutorial and PowerShell One-Liners sites may also be helpful.

Standard installations of Node.js on Windows require local administrator rights. Download the appropriate version from the official Node.js home page. It will offer you the best version. While you can use either 32 bit or 64 bit versions on 64 bit Windows, it is recommended to use the 64bit version of Node. If for some reason, you need a different installation, you can use the Downloads Page.

There are two potentially useful alternatives to installing Node.js with the MSI installer.

1. Using the Chocolatey package manager

   Chocolatey is a package manager for Windows similar to APT or yum on Linux and brew on the Macintosh platforms. If you are already using Chocolatey, you may want to use this tool to install Node.js (e.g. using the nodejs-lts package). Note however, that many packages have uncertain management and that these packages may use different folder locations than those mentioned above.

2. Using a Node version manager

   Using a Node.js version manager such as nvm-windows can be very helpful if you are doing Node.js development and need to test against different versions. Keep in mind that you will need to reinstall global packages and may need to re-install local packages when when you switch the version of Node you are using.

Note : Microsoft maintain a parallel version of Node that uses the Microsoft Chakra Core JavaScript engine instead of V8. This is not recommended for Node-RED as it has not been tested.

npm on Windows

When you install Node.js, you are also installing the npm package manager. You may see some instructions on the web that recommend installing later releases of npm than the one that comes with the Node.js release. This is not recommended as it is too easy to later end up with an incompatible version. Node.js releases are very regular and that is sufficient to keep npm updated.

Sharing Node-RED between Users

Node.js is installed into the Program Files folder as you would expect. However, if you install a global package like Node-RED using npm -g, it is installed into the $env:APPDATA\npm folder (%APPDATA%\npm using cmd) for the current user. This is less than helpful if you are installing on a PC with multiple user logins or on a server and installing using an admin login rather than the login of the user that will run Node applications like Node-RED.

Note : To see what a folder name like %APPDATA% translates to, you can simply type it into the address bar of the Windows File Explorer. Alternatively, in PowerShell, type the command cd $Env:APPDATA(cd %APPDATA% using cmd).

To fix this, either give permissions to the folder to other users and make sure that the folder is included in their path user environment variable.

Alternatively, change the global file location to somewhere accessible by other users. Make sure that you use the user that will be running Node-RED to make these changes. For example, to change the location to $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\npmglobal using PowerShell:

mkdir $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\npmglobal
npm config set prefix $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\npmglobal

You will then want to change the npm cache folder as well:

mkdir $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\npmglobal-cache
npm config set cache $env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\npmglobal-cache --global

If using the above changes, you can add the new prefix folder to the PATH System variable and remove the old folder from the user’s Path variable. To change the PATH Environment variable, type environment into the start menu or Cortana and choose Edit Environment Variables.

For each of the users running Node-RED, check that the above settings for the other users are correct.

Installing Node.js Windows Build Tools

Many Node.js modules used by Node-RED or installed nodes have binary components that will need compiling before they will work on Windows. To enable npm to compile binaries on the Windows platform, install the windows-build-tools module using the command prompt as an Administrator:

npm install --global --production windows-build-tools

If you wish to have the built-in Python v2.7 install exposed for use, use the command:

npm install --global --production --add-python-to-path windows-build-tools

Running on Windows

Once installed, the simple way to run Node-RED is to use the node-red command in a command prompt:
If you have installed Node-RED as a global npm package, you can use the node-red command:

This will output the Node-RED log to the terminal. You must keep the terminal open in order to keep Node-RED running.

Note that running Node-RED will create a new folder in your %HOMEPATH% folder called .node-red. This is your userDir folder, think of it as the home folder for Node-RED configuration for the current user. You will often see this referred to as ~/.node-red in documentation. ~ is shorthand for the user home folder on Unix-like systems. You can use the same reference if using PowerShell as your command line as recommended. If you are using the older cmd shell, that won’t work.

You can now create your first flow.

Using PM2

If you are using Windows to develop Node-RED flows or nodes, you may find it helpful to use PM2 to run Node-RED. This can be configured to automatically restart when files change, always keep Node-RED running and manage log output.

Run Node-RED on Startup

If you want to use Windows as a production platform for Node-RED, you will want to have a Windows Task Scheduler job set up. To do so:

1. Go to the start menu and type “task scheduler” and click on the result.
2. Click on “Create Task…” in the right-hand menu. Follow the steps to create a new task.

Make sure that you use the user login that you’ve used to set up and do the initial run of Node-RED. You can use an “At startup” trigger to always run Node-RED at system startup. Use the Action “Start a program” with details set to C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\npm\node-red.cmd (replacing <user> with your actual user name).

You may wish to make sure that it only starts if the network is available. You may also wish to restart if the job fails. Perhaps restarting every minute but only 3 times — if it won’t start by then, the error is fatal and will need some other intervention. You can check for failures by looking in the event log. If you want to access to the logs when running this way, you should amend the node-red.cmd file to redirect std and error outputs to a file (creating an alternative startup file would be better so that it isn’t overwritten on updates).

1. Introduction

Node-RED is a visual programming tool aimed at connecting hardware devices, APIs and online services in alternative ways, without the need for traditional programming experience. The software provides a browser-based editor that makes it easy to wire together flows using the wide range of nodes in the palette that can be deployed to its run-time in a single-click.

Although the concept of flows, nodes & palettes may sound unfamiliar, Node-RED makes programming simple by using a visual representation of code in blocks with lines between them.

Some examples of the many functions available are:

• REST clients to query data on other servers
• Modbus TCP client to talk to Brainboxes Remote IO devices
• JavaScript functions can be created within the rich text editor
• A built-in library allows you to save useful functions, templates or flows for re-use
• The flows created in Node-RED are stored using JSON which can be easily imported and exported for sharing with others
• An online flow library allows you to share your best flows with the world.

2. Software & Equipment Requirements

You will need:

1. A Brainboxes Remote Ethernet I/O device
2. Any Windows PC/laptop
3. Network connection

3. Installing Node-RED

The following are instructions on how to install Node-RED on a Windows based operating system. All required download links can be found on the official Node-RED and NodeJS websites.

3.1 Node.js

Node-RED uses a runtime engine called Node.js. Node.js is a JavaScript based programming language and must be installed before Node-RED. Node.js can be downloaded from the official Node.js website. When installing Node.js for use with Node-RED it is recommended that you install the 10.XX.X. LTS variant:

Once the installation is complete, open up a Windows command prompt, you can open a command prompt by using the keyboard shortcut (Windows key + r) type cmd and then once the command prompt has opened, input the following:

node --version && npm --version

This command checks if both Node.js and NPM are correctly installed, and if so it will return a version number.
The output should look something like this:

NPM is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language, this is needed for installing additional Node-RED packages which we will need later. NPM should be installed by default when installing Node.js.

3.2 Install Node-RED

Now we can begin to install Node-RED, navigate to CMD and input the command:

npm install -g --unsafe-perm node-red

Please note if the module does not install and throws up error messages regarding permissions, you will need to run CMD in Administrator mode. If you are having trouble with this please contact your System Administrator. Once this command is ran Node-RED will begin to install. Please note this can take some time to complete:

Once complete, the output should look like this:

4. Additional packages you will need

There are some additional packages you will need to install when following this guide.

4.1 Node-RED-dashboard

The first package you will need to install is the Node-RED dashboard, this module adds nodes which allow us to easily create a live data dashboard.

To install this module simply open up a command prompt and input:

npm install -g node-red-dashboard

Please allow a few minutes for this to package install:

Please note if the module does not install and throws up error messages regarding permissions, you will need to run CMD in Administrator mode. If you are having trouble with this please contact your System Administrator.

When the module is successfully installed the response should look something like this:

4.2 node-red-contrib-modbus

The next package you will need to install is contrib-modbus, this module adds nodes that allow us to communicate in ModbusTCP

To install this module simply open up a command prompt and input:

npm install -g node-red-contrib-modbus

Again, please allow a few minutes for this to install:

Please remember you may need to run this command on an elevated command prompt.

When the module is successfully installed the response should look something like this:

5 Running Node-RED

Once everything has been successfully installed you can now begin to run your Node-RED webserver.
You can do this by navigating to a command prompt and typing in the following command:

Node-RED

As we installed Node-RED as a global NPM module it adds the command node-red to your system path which you can then input into a command prompt to start Node-RED:

Once the server has booted up successfully the command prompt will let us know that the server is now running, and what IP address it is on:

Take note of the Node-RED webserver’s IP address and input it into your web browser:

You have now successfully installed, booted up, and accessed your Node-RED webserver.
You can now begin to create your own flows.

6. An Overview of Node-RED

So how do we get started? Below is an overview of the Node-RED interface, with a brief description of each section:

6.1. Palette

The palette on the left contains all the different nodes available for use. From injecting different types of information (strings, Booleans, numbers, etc.), executing Linux command lines and the ability to make different types of connections, to recording simple debug traces, sending emails notifications and displaying information on a text box:

6.2. Workspace

The workspace in the middle is where your flows will be created. As you follow through this simple guide, you will learn how the flows connect and work together in an easy to use, programmable way.

The sidebar on the right provides additional settings and debug information. Using the debug node available from the palette will show the user what information is being sent, or the information which is being received from the node it is attached to.

The header at the top, contains the deploy button, which is used for deploying your current workspace. Deploying it will make it available for execution, or it will immediately start running, depending on how you have it set up. You will also find the main menu which allows you to import/export workspaces, or change several configurations regarding your Node-RED project.

In this tutorial, we will learn how to install Node-RED on Windows and how to use Node-RED dashboard locally with Windows. This guide includes the installation of Node.js and Node-Red on Windows, an overview of the user interface, and an example where we will create a simple graphical UI.

We have a similar guide with Raspberry Pi:

• Install Node-RED on Raspberry Pi (32-bit and 64-bit RPI OS)

Node-Red Installation on Windows

It is a free-to-use tool used in IoT applications that provides visual programming through connecting nodes wired together as flows.

“Node-RED is a flow-based development tool for visual programming developed originally by IBM for wiring together hardware devices, APIs, and online services as part of the Internet of Things. Node-RED provides a web browser-based flow editor, which can be used to create JavaScript functions.”

Install Node.js on Windows

To work with Node-RED locally, we will require a supported version of Node.js in our system. Refer to this link to get to know about the version you are required to install. It is recommended to use the latest 14.x LTS version. Go to the Node.js webpage by clicking here and download it. you will be able to access it from Downloads > Previous Releases :

Click to download the setup file according to your system.

After downloading the Node.js setup, click ‘Next’ to install it on your PC.

Check the agreement box and click ‘Next’ to proceed further.

After specifying the relevant saving location click on ‘Install’ to finish the installation process.

A few moments later, you will receive the following prompt indicating that the installation was performed successfully.

Click the ‘Finish’ button to exit the setup.

Install Node-Red on Windows

Now open your command prompt and type node –version && npm –version to verify that Node.js and npm have successfully been installed in your system or not.

Now to install Node-Red type the following command: npm install -g –unsafe-perm node-red

You should get similar results:

To initiate Node-Red, type node-red in the command prompt. Node-Red will start.

Head over to ‘Server now running at http://…..” and copy the HTTP URL.

Note: Depending on your Windows Defender Firewall security settings you will be asked to Allow access to some of the features of Node.js.

Type this URL in a new web browser and Node-Red editor will open up.

Note: Make sure you do not close your Command Prompt while using Node-Red otherwise the connection will be lost.

Install Node-Red Dashboard on Windows

Now we will install the Node-Red Dashboard so that we can access the set of nodes consisting of it. Go to Menu > Manage palette

The following User Settings appears. Go to the Install tab and then write ‘Dashboard’ in the search bar and press enter. Click Install for the Node-Red Dashboard as shown below:

You will receive a notification that will refer you to the official Node-Red dashboard site for a brief overview. Click ‘Open node information’ to view that. To proceed with the installation just click ‘Install’ as highlighted below:

After a few moments the Node-Red Dashboard will successfully get installed. You will receive a notification that the Dashboard nodes have been added to the Palette.

Now head over to the Nodes section found at the far left and scroll down to view the nodes under Dashboard already added. It includes various functions provided by the dashboard. If for some reason you are not able to view the nodes, restart Node-Red.

Overview of Graphical User Interface

Now let us understand how to use the dashboard nodes to build an interactive graphical user interface. Notice that each of the dashboard nodes act as widgets inside the UI.

Layout

The graphical user interface is arranged by:

1. Tabs: These are separate pages on the UI
2. Groups: These are found inside each tab. They are used to divide the tabs in various sections in order to place the widgets in a systematic order. Each widget is associated with a group therefore specifying the exact placement of the widget on the UI.

Create Tabs

Now let us see how to create tabs and groups for our UI. Open Node-Red with the dashboard already installed. Head over to the extreme right side and find dashboard.

After you click it, the Dashboard tab appears:

Here we are inside the Layout. To add a tab click +tab as shown below:

This will create a new tab where you will have the option to add groups, edit it and also change its layout.

To edit this newly created tab, click the edit button and you will get an option to change the name and icon of the tab, then click the update button for the changes to take place.

Note: You can use any name according to your preference but for the icon you have to use one available at these three links found below:

• Angular Material Icons
• Font Awesome Icons
• Weather Icons Lite

Create Groups

Now to create a group for the tab, click the +group button.

This is where we will place our widget. You can add several groups under a tab to organize your UI.

To edit this newly created group, click the edit button and you will get an option to set the name, select the corresponding tab and change the width .Then click the update button for the changes to take place.

Set Dashboard Theme

Now after learning how to add the Tabs and Groups forming the layout of the UI, let us move ahead and set the theme of the dashboard.

Inside the Dashboard tab, go to Theme tab and the following window appears. Here we have an option to select the style, colour and font for the user interface.

As you may see, by default the style is set as ‘light’ with colour blue with the default font.

Change according to your preference.

Further Dashboard Customization

For further customization, head over to the Site tab and click it.

Here as you may see you have further categories which you can modify according to your needs. Change the Title of the UI, the sizes of the widgets, date format and several other options. Feel free to try different options until you get a satisfactory outcome.

Demonstration: Build a Graphical User Interface

To show everything we have learnt this far regarding the Node-Red dashboard, let us create a simple user interface as a demonstration example. We will show you how to edit and place the widgets.

The user interface we will create will consist of two tabs: one named Garage and another named Lounge. Further both of these tabs will have two groups each where we will place the widgets. For the Garage we will add a gauge and a slider. Likewise, for the Lounge we will add a button and a switch.

So let us start building!

Create Tabs

The first step is to create the tabs. Head over to the Dashboard tab and click +tab to create a new tab. Specify the name and icon and click Update for the changes to take place. Here we are using icons from Angular Material Icons.

We will create two tabs: one named Garage and another named Lounge

Create Groups to add Widgets

The next step is to add the widgets. We will add two groups to both the tabs. Click +group in each of the tab and create the groups. Our dashboard layout looks like this:

As mentioned before we will add a gauge and a slider for the Garage. Likewise, for the Lounge we will add a button and a switch.

Therefore we will be adding these four nodes to the flow. Head over to the Nodes section found at the far left and scroll down to view the nodes under Dashboard. Drag and drop the gauge to the flow as shown below:

Next include all the rest of the nodes to the flow as well.

Now double click the gauge. A new window will appear. Here select group where this widget will be placed. We will choose Group1 of Garage. You have other options to change as well including size, type, label etc.. We are leaving it as default.

Likewise, add the rest of the widgets to the respective groups.

• gauge: Group1(Garage)
• slider: Group2(Garage)
• button: Group1(Lounge)
• switch: Group2(Lounge)

You can also change the theme of the dashboard but we will leave it as default. Now deploy the changes by clicking the Deploy button found at the top.

To view the UI, open a new web browser and type: http://Your_local_IP_address:1880/ui

The user interface will open up once you press enter.

Here you can view the dashboard consisting of two tabs: Garage and Lounge

Head over to each tab to view how the widgets look. Our Garage tab with two groups:

Our Lounge tab with two groups:

How To install node red on Windows Machine 

“Node-RED is a visual flow builder that was developed with IoT in mind, you can think of it as a way to build a program without actually writing any code”

We’ll need to follow the below mentioned steps to set up Node-Red Locally on your Windows-10 platform.

Install node.js

1. To run Node-Red we need Node.js installed in our system, we can install Node.js by issuing a simple command on the command prompt.
   
   1. In Windows Search, type “cmd”
   
   2. This will open up a terminal, like this one –
   
   
   3. Right now it exposes the directory (file) in which the terminal has opened up, in the example shown above, we are inside C drive -> Users folder -> blueh folder (which is the default administrator’s folder in the system)
   
   4. The path of directories mentioned here in the example depends on the number of administrators present on the windows machine and whichever admin session is active, the ‘blueh’ will be replaced by that admin’s default name. \C\Users\ will remain the same.
   
   5. Now you may or may not have been using Node.js and npm package manager, to check this on the command prompt issue the command
   node –version && npm –version
   6. If the output is similar to the attached image below, you do not need to install Node.js on your System.
   
   
   7. If it isn’t as shown above, go to this website – https://nodejs.org/en/
   
   8. Click on the highlighted version, LTS means Long term support here, that means the guys who are developing and maintaining the Node.js packages will be fixing bugs and developing new features for a long time for this version.
   The latest version may be buggy and we will avoid using that for now.
   
   
   9. After downloading you can execute (double click) the installed .msi file.
   
   10. It will first compute the space requirements on your PC and then flash a prompt that should look like this
   
   Click on ‘NEXT’.
   
   11. Read and accept the license agreement if it seems okay to you.
   
   12. Select the folder where you’d like to install the Node packages. In my case, I have installed it inside the Z drive -> SOFTWARES folder.
   
   Click ‘NEXT’ after doing this.
   
   13. Now in the next window you can manually once check if your machine has the required space to instal Node.js or not.
   Click on ‘Disk Usage’, In the below image my disks meet the minimum criteria for installing the packages, verify the same for your system
   
   Click ‘OK’ if it’s good to you. Then click ‘NEXT’
   
   14. Click on the check-box, this will automatically install a lot of extra stuff for you saving you a lot of time.
   
   
   
   15. Click on ‘Install’.
   16. After installation completes, close any open command prompts and re-open to ensure new environment variables are picked up.
   
   17. Now open up a fresh terminal and re-enter the commands we issued before to check the availability of Node and NPM packages.
   
   
   You can match the versions, you have now installed the Latest LTS version of Node.js on your windows PC.
   
   Install node red

2. Now you have to install Node-RED as a global module which adds the command node-red to your system path. Execute the following at the command prompt
   npm install -g –unsafe-perm node-red
   
   

1. Now you can execute the node-red command and launch node-red.
   
   You will see some Node-red logs, which aren’t super important for now, and also
   NOTE – keep the terminal open in order to keep Node-RED running.
   
   

1. Now we have successfully installed Node-Red locally on our PC. Whilst keeping the Command prompt running, we can access the Node-Red editor on our localhost.
   http://localhost:1880.

2. Make sure you have the Command Prompt ON with the node-red command running before you open the editor on your local host.

3. You will see this editor when you open the aforementioned link.
   
   

Congrats! You have successfully installed the required packages and Node-red on your machine.

Now comes the easy part of installing the packages for NCD wireless sensors.

Now I am assuming you still have a node-red interface running on your PC.

You can go to the command prompt and press -> CTRL + C.
This will ask you – “Terminate batch job (Y/N)?” 
For this you need to respond with a ‘y’. It can be smaller case or upper case – doesn’t matter.
What matters is, you entered a y or Y and pressed the return key (Enter) to exit the current node-red session because we have to install some ncd packages now. 

1. Installing NCD packages from the command prompt (Method 1) (recommended).

Enter the command on your command prompt
npm i ncd-red-wireless node-red-dashboard

So, npm is a package manager and we use it to install the following mentioned below

 
ncd-red-wireless

Provides the nodes that manage the serial connection, parse incoming sensor data, filter it by specific parameters, and allow you to configure the wireless sensors.

node-red-dashboard

Provides the ability to create a UI using the flow builder, provides charts, graphs, and a number of other visual elements we can use to display data, along with nodes to trigger a flow using user input. We will use some of these nodes to display the telemetry from your wireless sensors.

This will install the necessary packages to get our NCD devices up and running.

NOTE – The logs shown on your PC might differ from the logs shown on  my PC, this would not affect the usability of the package at all.

Setting up the Nodes
The packages you installed provide a few different pieces of functionality, as detailed here, but you can learn more about each by clicking on one of the nodes it provides and viewing its info tab.

Assuming at this point you’ve started up node-red, you should be able to open a browser and navigate to http://localhost:1880, this will open up the flow builder that is the heart of the Node-RED experience. At this point you’ll be viewing a large blank flow with a long list of nodes on the left hand side, this sidebar is called the palette. 

At the top of the palette is a search box, if you type “ncd”, the nodes available will be filtered down to those we provided through the ncd-red-wireless package. Go ahead and drag a Wireless Gateway node over to your flow canvas to get started.

1. Installing the NCD packages from the node-red window (Method 2)

For some reason if issuing the npm i ncd-red-wireless node-red-dashboard command chalks out a lot of ERROR messages in the logs, chances are the packages have not been installed yet due to some technical difficulties. We can still install the packages from the node-red window itself without issuing commands over the command prompt. Follow the below mentioned steps to get the packages up and running.

1. Go the command prompt and begin your node-red session by issuing the command
   node-red

2. Now go to the address http://localhost:1880 in your browser.

3. Now follow along the highlighted boxes in the attached images.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   1.
   
   
   2.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   3. In the install tab you have to type and install the package names individually
   
   If it isn’t showing installed in your case press ‘install’.
   
   4. Similarly
   

Now you have successfully installed the packages, you can double check if they are installed or not by typing ncd on the top-left search bar

——————————————————————————————————————————–

Finding your wireless sensors

Drag and drop the wireless gateway node to the editor from the left panel. 

Once you’ve added the node, you’ll be able to view the info tab, which contains information about the node’s functionality, this tab is well populated for most node-red packages I have used, and contains valuable information, many times you will not need to view any other documentation outside of the info tab, so keep it in mind while you are building your flows if you have a question about how a node works.

The next thing we need to do is configure the node, when you first add it you’ll notice that there is a small triangle on the top right corner next to a blue dot, the triangle indicates that the node needs additional configuration, the blue dot indicates that the node has not yet been deployed as part of the flow (or has changed since the last deployment).

Double click on the node to open up the configuration options.


Click on the pencil icon next to the Serial Device field to configure your USB router, this will open a second configuration panel that only has a few options.


Click on the magnifying glass next to the Serial Port field and select the port that corresponds with your router, then click the “Add” button on top.

The Serial Device field will now be populated based on that selection, and you can click “Done”, you now have direct access to your wireless sensors! To view the data coming in, go back to your palette and type “debug” into the search field at the top, grab one of these nodes and drag it to the right of your Wireless Gateway, double click on it and change “msg.” to “complete msg object”, click done, and draw a line between the two nodes, and click “Deploy” on the top right of the window..