Iis windows server что это

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Screenshot of IIS Manager console of Internet Information Services 8.5
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	May 30, 1995; 28 years ago
Stable release	10.0 v1809  / 2 October 2018
Written in	C++[1]
Operating system	Windows NT
Available in	Same languages as Windows
Type	Web server
License	Part of Windows NT (same license)
Website	www.iis.net

Internet Information Services (IIS, 2S) is an extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family.^[2] IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It has been an integral part of the Windows NT family since Windows NT 4.0, though it may be absent from some editions (e.g. Windows XP Home edition), and is not active by default.

History[edit]

The first Microsoft web server was a research project at the European Microsoft Windows NT Academic Centre (EMWAC), part of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, and was distributed as freeware.^[3] However, since the EMWAC server was unable to handle the volume of traffic going to Microsoft.com, Microsoft was forced to develop its own web server, IIS.^[4]

Almost every version of IIS was released either alongside or with a version of Microsoft Windows:

• IIS 1.0 was initially released as a free add-on for Windows NT 3.51.
• IIS 2.0 was included with Windows NT 4.0.
• IIS 3.0, which was included with Service Pack 2 of Windows NT 4.0, introduced the Active Server Pages dynamic scripting environment.^[5]
• IIS 4.0 was released as part of the «Option Pack» for Windows NT 4.0. It introduced the new MMC-based administration application and also was the first version where multiple instances of web and FTP servers can run, differentiating them by port number and/or hostname. It was also the first version to run application pools.
• IIS 5.0 shipped with Windows 2000 and introduced additional authentication methods, support for the WebDAV protocol, and enhancements to ASP.^[6] IIS 5.0 also dropped support for the Gopher protocol.^[7] IIS 5.0 added HTTP.SYS.
• IIS 5.1 was shipped with Windows XP Professional and was nearly identical to IIS 5.0 on Windows 2000.
• IIS 6.0 included with Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, added support for IPv6 and included a new worker process model that increased security as well as reliability.^[8] HTTP.sys was introduced in IIS 6.0 as an HTTP-specific protocol listener for HTTP requests.^[9] Also each component (like for example Server Side Includes or ASP) now has to be explicitly installed, because in earlier versions often hackers entered sites by using security bugs of components that were not even in use by the hacked site, improving security.
• IIS 7.0 was a complete redesign and rewrite of IIS and was shipped with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. IIS 7.0 included a new modular design that allowed for a reduced attack surface and increased performance. It also introduced a hierarchical configuration system allowing for simpler site deploys, a new Windows Forms-based management application, new command-line management options and increased support for the .NET Framework.^[10] IIS 7.0 on Vista does not limit the number of allowed connections as IIS on XP did, but limits concurrent requests to 10 (Windows Vista Ultimate, Business, and Enterprise Editions) or 3 (Vista Home Premium). Additional requests are queued, which hampers performance, but they are not rejected as with XP.
• IIS 7.5 was included in Windows 7 (but it must be turned on in the side panel of Programs and Features) and Windows Server 2008 R2. IIS 7.5 improved WebDAV and FTP modules as well as command-line administration in PowerShell. It also introduced TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2 support and the Best Practices Analyzer tool and process isolation for application pools.^[11]
• IIS 8.0 is only available in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8. IIS 8.0 includes SNI (binding SSL to hostnames rather than IP addresses), Application Initialization, centralized SSL certificate support, and multicore scaling on NUMA hardware, among other new features.
• IIS 8.5 is included in Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1. This version includes Idle worker-Process page-out, Dynamic Site Activation, Enhanced Logging, ETW logging, and Automatic Certificate Rebind.
• IIS 10.0 version 1607 a.k.a. version 10.0.14393 is included in Windows Server 2016 released 2016-09-26 and Windows 10 Anniversary Update released 2016-08-02. This version includes support for HTTP/2,^[12] running IIS in Windows containers on Nano Server, a new Rest management API and corresponding web-based management GUI, and Wildcard Host Headers.^[13]
• IIS 10.0 version 1709 is included in Windows Server, version 1709 (Semi-Annual Channel) and Windows 10 Fall Creators Update both released 2017-10-17. This version adds support for HSTS, container enhancements, new site binding PowerShell cmdlets, and 4 new server variables prefixed with «CRYPT_».^[14]
• IIS 10.0 version 1809 a.k.a. version 10.0.17763 is included in Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 October Update released 2018-10-02. This version added flags for control of HTTP/2 and OCSP Stapling per site, a compression API and implementing module supporting both gzip and brotli schemes, and a UI for configuring HSTS.^[15]

All versions of IIS prior to 7.0 running on client operating systems supported only 10 simultaneous connections and a single website.

Microsoft was criticized by vendors of other web server software, including O’Reilly & Associates and Netscape, for its licensing of early versions of Windows NT; the «Workstation» edition of the OS permitted only ten simultaneous TCP/IP connections, whereas the more expensive «Server» edition, which otherwise had few additional features, permitted unlimited connections but bundled IIS. It was implied that this was intended to discourage consumers from running alternative web server packages on the cheaper edition.^[16] Netscape wrote an open letter to the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice regarding this distinction in product licensing, which it asserted had no technical merit.^[17] O’Reilly showed that the user could remove the enforced limits meant to cripple NT 4.0 Workstation as a web server with two registry key changes and other trivial configuration file tweaking.

Features[edit]

IIS 6.0 and higher support the following authentication mechanisms:^[18]

• Anonymous authentication
• Basic access authentication
• Digest access authentication
• Integrated Windows Authentication
• UNC authentication
• .NET Passport Authentication (Removed in Windows Server 2008 and IIS 7.0)^[19]
• Certificate authentication

IIS 7.0 has a modular architecture. Modules, also called extensions, can be added or removed individually so that only modules required for specific functionality have to be installed. IIS 7 includes native modules as part of the full installation. These modules are individual features that the server uses to process requests.^[20]

IIS 7.5 includes the following additional or enhanced security features:^[21]

• Client certificate mapping
• IP security
• Request filtering
• URL authorization

Authentication changed slightly between IIS 6.0 and IIS 7, most notably in that the anonymous user which was named «IUSR_{machinename}» is a built-in account in Vista and future operating systems and named «IUSR». Notably, in IIS 7, each authentication mechanism is isolated into its own module and can be installed or uninstalled.^[19]

IIS 8.0 offers new features targeted at performance and easier administration. The new features are:

• Application Initialization: a feature that allows an administrator to configure certain applications to start automatically with server startup. This reduces the wait time experienced by users who access the site for the first time after a server reboot.^[22]
• Splash page during application initialization: the administrator can configure a splash page to be displayed to the site visitor during an application initialization.^[22]
• ASP.NET 4.5 support: With IIS 8.0, ASP.NET 4.5 is included by default, and IIS also offers several configuration options for running it side by side with ASP.NET 3.5.^[23]
• Centralized SSL certificate support: a feature that makes managing certificates easier by allowing the administrator to store and access the certificates on a file share.^[24]
• Multicore scaling on NUMA hardware: IIS 8.0 provides several configuration options that optimize performance on systems that run NUMA, such as running several worker processes under one application pool, using soft or hard affinity and more.^[25]
• WebSocket Protocol Support^[26]
• Server Name Indication (SNI): SNI is an extension to Transport Layer Security, which allows the binding of multiple websites with different hostnames to one IP address (similar to how Host Headers are used for non-SSL sites).^[27]
• Dynamic IP Address Restrictions: a feature that enables an administrator to dynamically block IPs or IP ranges that hit the server with a large number of requests^[28]
• CPU Throttling: a set of controls that allow the server administrator to control CPU usage by each application pool in order to optimize performance in a multi-tenant environment^[29]

IIS 8.5 has several improvements related to performance in large-scale scenarios, such as those used by commercial hosting providers and Microsoft’s own cloud offerings. It also has several added features related to logging and troubleshooting. The new features are:

• Idle worker-Process page-out: a function to suspend idle sites to reduce the memory footprint of idle sites^[30]
• Dynamic Site Activation: a feature that registers listening queues only to sites that have received requests^[31]
• Enhanced Logging: a feature to allow the collection of Server variables, request headers and response headers in the IIS logs^[32]
• ETW logging: an ETW provider which allows collecting real-time logs using various Event-tracing tools^[33]
• Automatic Certificate Rebind: a feature that detects when a site certificate has been renewed and automatically rebinds the site to it^[34]

Express[edit]

IIS Express, a lightweight (4.5–6.6 MB) version of IIS, is available as a standalone freeware server and may be installed on Windows XP with Service Pack 3 and subsequent versions of Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 Express supports only the HTTP and HTTPS protocols. It is portable, stores its configuration on a per-user basis, does not require administrative privileges and attempts to avoid conflicting with existing web servers on the same machine.^[35] IIS Express can be downloaded separately^[36] or as a part of WebMatrix^[37] or Visual Studio 2012 and later.^[38] (In Visual Studio 2010 and earlier, web developers developing ASP.NET apps used ASP.NET Development Server, codenamed «Cassini».)^[39] By default, IIS Express only serves local traffic.^[40][38]

Extensions[edit]

IIS releases new feature modules between major version release to add new functionality. The following extensions are available for IIS 7.5:

• FTP Publishing Service: Lets Web content creators publish content securely to IIS 7 Web servers with SSL-based authentication and data transfer.^[41]
• Administration Pack: Adds administration UI support for management features in IIS 7, including ASP.NET authorization, custom errors, FastCGI configuration, and request filtering.^[42]
• Application Request Routing: Provides a proxy-based routing module that forwards HTTP requests to content servers based on HTTP headers, server variables, and load balance algorithms.^[43]
• Database Manager: Allows easy management of local and remote databases from within IIS Manager.^[44]
• Media Services: Integrates a media delivery platform with IIS to manage and administer the delivery of rich media and other Web content.^[45]
• URL Rewrite Module: Provides a rule-based rewriting mechanism for changing request URLs before they are processed by the Web server.^[46]
• WebDAV: Lets Web authors publish content securely to IIS 7 Web servers, and lets Web administrators and hosters manage WebDAV settings using IIS 7 management and configuration tools.^[47]
• Web Deployment Tool: Synchronizes IIS 6.0 and IIS 7 servers, migrates an IIS 6.0 server to IIS 7, and deploys Web applications to an IIS 7 server.^[48]

Usage[edit]

According to Netcraft, in February 2014, IIS had a «market share of all sites» of 32.80%, making it the second most popular web server in the world, behind Apache HTTP Server at 38.22%. Netcraft showed a rising trend in market share for IIS, since 2012.^[49] On 14 February 2014, however, the W3Techs shows different results. According to W3Techs, IIS is the third most used web server behind Apache HTTP Server (1st place) and Nginx. Furthermore, it shows a consistently falling trend for IIS use since February 2013.^[50]

Netcraft data in February 2017 indicates IIS had a «market share of the top million busiest sites» of 10.19%, making it the third most popular web server in the world, behind Apache at 41.41% and nginx at 28.34%.^[51]

Security[edit]

IIS 4 and IIS 5 were affected by the CA-2001-13 security vulnerability which led to the infamous Code Red attack;^[52][53] however, both versions 6.0 and 7.0 have no reported issues with this specific vulnerability.^[54] In IIS 6.0 Microsoft opted to change the behaviour of pre-installed ISAPI handlers,^[55] many of which were culprits in the vulnerabilities of 4.0 and 5.0, thus reducing the attack surface of IIS.^[53] In addition, IIS 6.0 added a feature called «Web Service Extensions» that prevents IIS from launching any program without explicit permission by an administrator.

By default IIS 5.1 and earlier run websites in a single process running the context of the System account,^[56] a Windows account with administrative rights. Under 6.0 all request handling processes run in the context of the Network Service account, which has significantly fewer privileges, so should there be a vulnerability in a feature or custom code it won’t necessarily compromise the entire system given the sandboxed environment these worker processes run in.^[57] IIS 6.0 also contained a new kernel HTTP stack (http.sys) with a stricter HTTP request parser and response cache for both static and dynamic content.^[58]

According to Secunia, as of June 2011, IIS 7 had a total of six resolved vulnerabilities while^[54] IIS 6 had a total of eleven vulnerabilities, out of which one was still unpatched. The unpatched security advisory has a severity rating of 2 out of 5.^[54]

In June 2007, a Google study of 80 million domains concluded that while the IIS market share was 23% at the time, IIS servers hosted 49% of the world’s malware, the same as Apache servers whose market share was 66%. The study also observed the geographical location of these dirty servers and suggested that the cause of this could be the use of unlicensed copies of Windows that could not obtain security updates from Microsoft.^[59] In a blog post on 28 April 2009, Microsoft noted that it supplies security updates to everyone without genuine verification.^[60][61]

The 2013 mass surveillance disclosures made it more widely known that IIS is particularly bad in supporting perfect forward secrecy (PFS), especially when used in conjunction with Internet Explorer. Possessing one of the long term asymmetric secret keys used to establish a HTTPS session should not make it easier to derive the short term session key to then decrypt the conversation, even at a later time. Diffie–Hellman key exchange (DHE) and elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman key exchange (ECDHE) are in 2013 the only ones known to have that property. Only 30% of Firefox, Opera, and Chromium Browser sessions use it, and nearly 0% of Apple’s Safari and Microsoft Internet Explorer sessions.^[62]

See also[edit]

• IIS Metabase
• Logparser
• Microsoft Personal Web Server
• Windows Activation Services
• Comparison of web servers
• List of mail servers

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

IIS (Internet Information Services, до версии 5.1 — Internet Information Server) — проприетарный наборсерверов для нескольких служб Интернета от компании Майкрософт. IIS распространяется с операционными системами семейства Windows NT.

Основным компонентом IIS является веб-сервер, который позволяет размещать в Интернете сайты. IIS поддерживает протоколы HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP3, SMTP, NNTP. По данным компании Netcraft на июнь 2015 года, почти 22 млн сайтов обслуживаются веб-сервером IIS, что составляет 12,32 % от общего числа веб-сайтов.^[1]

Версии IIS[]

Служба WWW в составе IIS[]

Основным компонентом IIS является веб-сервер — служба WWW (называемая также W3SVC), которая предоставляет клиентам доступ к сайтам по протоколам HTTP и, если произведена настройка, HTTPS.

Один сервер IIS может обслуживать несколько сайтов (IIS 6.0 и выше). Каждый сайт имеет следующие атрибуты:

• IP-адрес сайта;
• TCP-порт, на котором служба WWW ожидает подключений к данному сайту;
• Заголовок узла (Host header name) — значение заголовка Host запроса HTTP, указывающее обычно DNS-имя сайта.

Таким образом, например, один сервер с одним IP-адресом может обслуживать на одном TCP-порту несколько сайтов. Для этого необходимо создать несколько DNS-записей, указывающих на IP-адрес сервера, и различать сайты по заголовкам узла.

Для каждого сайта указывается домашний каталог — каталог в файловой системе сервера, соответствующий «корню» сайта. Например, если сайтуwww.example.com сопоставлен домашний каталог D:\example, то на запрос ресурса с адресом http://www.example.com/index.htm веб-сервер вернёт файл D:\example\index.htm.

Архитектура службы WWW[]

В IIS 6.0, доступном в составе систем Windows Server 2003, служба WWW претерпела серьёзные изменения. Был добавлен новый режим обработки запросов, называемый режимом изоляции рабочих процессов (англ. worker process isolation mode). В этом режиме все веб-приложения, обслуживаемые сервером, работают в разных процессах, что повышает стабильность и безопасность системы. Кроме того, для приёма запросов HTTP был создан новыйдрайвер http.sys, который работает в режиме ядра, что ускоряет обработку каждого запроса.

Все запросы к статическому содержимому, не требующие исполнения скриптов, исполняются самим драйвером http.sys в ядре, что сближает веб-сервер IIS с серверами режима ядра.

При этом запросы к динамическому содержимому исполняются рабочим процессом и загруженными в его адресное пространство модулями. С точки зрения пути исполнения запросов не существует центрального процесса, что повышает надежность в случае отказа, вызванного ошибкой в скрипте или ином модуле исполнения. Рабочие процессы автоматически перезапускаются при возникновении ошибок.

Протокол SSL поддерживается отдельным процессом HTTP SSL, который служит мостом между протоколом TCP и драйвером http.sys.

Безопасность в службе WWW[]

Веб-сервер IIS предоставляет несколько способов разграничения доступа к сайтам и веб-приложениям. Служба WWW в составе IIS отличается от других веб-серверов тем, что функции обеспечения безопасности в ней тесно интегрированы с системой Windows NT, на основе которой она работает. В частности, чтобы получить доступ к защищённому ресурсу, посетитель должен ввести имя и пароль пользователя, существующего в системе Windows, на которой установлен IIS (или в домене Active Directory, если сервер принадлежит к домену). После этого пользователь работает с сайтом так же, как если бы он выполнил интерактивный вход в систему на сервере. К нему применяются установленные файловой системой NTFS разрешения на доступ к файлам икаталогам. Эта особенность IIS удобна для внутренних сайтов предприятий, однако практически неприменима для открытых сайтов Интернета, где невозможно создавать пользователя Windows для каждого зарегистрированного посетителя сайта. Поэтому в последнем случае разработчикам сайтов и веб-приложений обычно приходится использовать собственные механизмы ограничения доступа.

Определённый пользователь Windows сопоставляется с каждым посетителем сайта даже в том случае, когда ограничение доступа не требуется. Этот режим называется режимом анонимного доступа. В этом случае посетитель представляется на сервере как специальный пользователь, имя которого обычно имеет формат IUSR_xxxx (где xxxx — имя компьютера, на котором установлен IIS, в седьмой версии этот специальный пользователь не содержит имени компьютера, то есть просто IUSR). Этому пользователю должен быть разрешён доступ к ресурсам, которые открыты анонимным посетителям.

Начиная с версии 6.0 служба WWW поддерживает следующие методы аутентификации, то есть определения личности пользователя по имени и паролю:^[2]

• Анонимная аутентификация (anonymous authentication) — определение личности пользователя не выполняется.
• Базовая аутентификация (basic authentication) — имя и пароль передаются по сети открытым текстом.
• Дайджест-аутентификация (digest authentication) — пароль обрабатывается хеш-функцией перед отправкой по сети, что делает невозможным его прочтение в случае перехвата злоумышленником.
• Встроенная аутентификация Windows (integrated Windows authentication) — выполняется попытка входа на сервер с теми же учётными данными, под которыми работает браузер пользователя.
• Аутентификация для доступа к UNC-ресурсам (UNC authentication) — имя и пароль передаются удаленному серверу, на котором находится опубликованный в IIS UNC-ресурс, и удаленный сервер выполняет аутентификацию.
• Аутентификация с использованием .NET Passport (.NET Passport Authentication) (удалена в Windows Server 2008 и IIS 7.0)^[3] — для аутентификации используется служба .NET Passport.
• Аутентификация с использованием клиентского сертификата (certificate authentication) — для аутентификации пользователь должен предоставить SSL-сертификат.

Реализация веб-приложений для IIS[]

Веб-сервер IIS поддерживает несколько различных технологий создания веб-приложений:

• ASP.NET — разработанная Microsoft технология; для IIS это — основное на сегодняшний день^[4] средство создания веб-приложений и веб-служб. IIS 6.0 поставляется вместе с операционными системами, в которые также изначально входит .NET Framework, так что поддержка ASP.NET как будто уже встроена в IIS 6.0; для более ранних версий необходимо отдельно загрузить и установить .NET Framework.
• ASP — предшествовавшая ASP.NET технология создания динамических веб-страниц на основе сценариев. Входит в поставку IIS начиная с версии 3.0.
• CGI — стандартная межплатформенная низкоуровневая технология создания динамических веб-страниц.
• FastCGI — клиент-серверный протокол взаимодействия веб-сервера и приложения.
• ISAPI — низкоуровневая технология, аналогичная интерфейсу модулей Apache, предоставляющая полный доступ ко всем возможностям IIS, возможность разработки веб-приложений в машинном коде и возможность переопределения части функций IIS и добавления к нему функций, как связанных с генерацией контента, так и не связанных с этим. Подсистема исполнения скриптов ASP и подсистема ASP.NET выполнены как модули ISAPI.
• SSI — включение в одни страницы текста из других страниц. Строго говоря, веб-приложением не является, поскольку IIS поддерживает лишь ограниченный набор возможностей и без того малофункционального SSI. В частности, IIS5 поддерживает только статическое включение и игнорирует команды условного ветвления.

Сам сервер поддерживает только CGI, FastCGI^[5], ISAPI и SSI. Все остальные технологии являются надстройками, работающими через CGI, FastCGI или ISAPI.

При помощи CGI приложения для IIS могут разрабатываться на основе практически любых, в том числе сторонних, инструментов, допускающих запись встандартный поток вывода и чтение переменных среды — Perl, C/С++ и даже средствами интерпретатора командной строки Cmd.exe.

Технология ISAPI позволяет, с одной стороны, создавать специальные приложения для IIS, требующие особенно тесного взаимодействия с механизмом сервера, а с другой стороны, является удобной платформой для организации эффективного взаимодействия IIS с другими технологиями разработки веб-приложений — например, PHP и Perl.

Почтовые возможности[]

IIS поддерживает работу SMTP/POP3-сервисов. В современных версиях Microsoft Exchange Server реализация протоколов SMTP, POP3 и IMAP выполнена в виде подсистем к IIS, заменяющих поставляемые с IIS почтовые подсистемы.

Maybe you like to know What does IIS stand for? The term IIS server is known as the Internet Information Services Server. It is a window server that is based upon the web application. In addition, the primary purpose of this server is to send the web content across the internet to the users. Moreover, it is essential to know: what is IIS server? Once you know the definition, it will be easier for you to understand the whole concept.

What is internet information services?
The IIS server or Internet information services (formerly Internet Information Server) is a flexible web server. It belongs to Microsoft, which operates on Windows systems. It serves the HTML pages or files which are requested.

The webserver accepts or takes the requests from the remote client computers and sends back the valid and accurate response. It is an essential function of it which permits a web server for sharing and delivering the information. This information is provided across the LAN (Local area networks), including corporate intranets and WAN (Wide area networks) that consists of the internet.

There are numerous forms of web server; it sends information to the users. These forms include static web pages that are coded in HTML via file exchanges. Not only this but image files, text documents are also part of it.

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How IIS Works?

When the person first heard the term what internet information services are, numerous questions strike in it. These questions are like the purpose of IIS, What is IIS used for, and so on. The most common question is: what is an IIS and how it works?

So here is the list of some vital information related to the working criteria of internet information services.

The working criteria of IIS depend upon the numerous standards of protocols and languages. Moreover, HTML is used to create the elements. These elements include text, image placements, buttons, and so on. Hypertext Transfer Protocol is also named HTTP. It is an essential communication protocol that is preferred for exchanging information between web servers and users. (In the case you want to know What is Windows Server 2022? , this article can help you!)



In addition to it, encrypting the communication and adding the security HTTPS—HTTP over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)—uses the Transport Layer Security or SSL. The files can transfer via the FTP or its secure variant FTPS. The term FTP stands for the File Transfer Protocol. The SMTP supports sending and receiving the email, whereas the Network News Transfer Protocol delivers the articles on Usenet.

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Features of IIS Web Server

The IIS server is a central server that uses the widespread. It offers numerous features, but it is also a fruitful tool for several IT administrators. The primary use of IIS is for the hosting of ASP.NET status websites and web applications. Apart from it, here is the list of IIS features, which helps you clear the concept of what is IIS Server?

1- Authentication

Authentication is an essential feature of the IIS server (internet information services), which includes several options. These options are Windows auth, ASP.NET, and Basic. For the Windows Active Directory, Windows auth is fruitful. This is because of letting the user sign into the web applications automatically through a domain account.

2- Security

This server also has security features such as biding so SFTP and HTTPS can manage the TLS certificates and filter the request. Due to it, the users can easily allow and block the traffic.

3- Remote Management

The feature of remote management permits what is an IIS for manning via either the CLI or PowerShell. In addition to it, the user can create the script yourself.

These are some features that make this webserver versatile and highly configurable. You can easily create a stable, effective, and flexible Windows IIS Server if you extend it.



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IIS Works With The Asp.net Core

The ASP.NET Core framework is categorized as the latest generation of ASP. The term ASP is an Active Server Page, which is a server-side script engine. It begets the interactive web pages. Moreover, the web sends the IIS server request that delivers the request to the ASP.NET Core Application. Further, it starts processing the request and has its response to the IIS server after that again.

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It sends the request back to the IIS server and to those users who established the request. In addition to it, developers have the opportunity to produce the IIS website with several tools. These tools include WebDAV. It can help create and publish web content. Moreover, they can also prefer the integrated development tools. When it comes to the integrated development tools, then they have the option of Microsoft Visual Studio.

The information mentioned above will clear all your queries about what is internet information services and how it works. Moreover, there are various versions of IIS available. After getting the information about what is IIS Server is, let’s discuss its features.

Available IIS Versions

Here is the list of numerous available versions of IIS.

• First and foremost is IIS 6 or Window Server 2003. It is the oldest version of Internet information services. It added support to IPv6. However, there is not any update related to the previous version.
• The IIS7 is a compatible version of IIS with Windows Vista. Moreover, IIS7 enhanced security and offered support measures for the .NET framework.
• The next version of IIS is IIS 7.5. This IIS version is available on Windows 7, including the added support to TLS 1.1 and 1.2.
• After that, IIS 8 consists of the support for SNL. In addition to that, Windows Web Server 2012 comes with the available support offering, which is available unless 2023.
• The IIS 8.5 is generally for Windows 8.1 and has the extra login capabilities and the utility of activating the dynamic site.
• The IIS 10 does not only have support for Windows PowerShell 5.0 but also for HTTP/2.

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How to install IIS?

Now that you know what is iis and how it works, Follow the instructions below to install IIS on a server running Microsoft Windows.

The following are the instructions for installing IIS (Internet Information Service):

1. First, open the control panel.

2. Search for “Applications” from the available options below and select them.

3. Now click on the Turn Windows feature on and off option, possibly under “Programs and Features,” as shown in the image below.

4. Clicking “Turn Windows features on and off” opens a command like the following:

When the request is open, search for “Internet Information Services” among the options given below and check it to expand the other option.

5. Now click on option 3, “World Wide Services”.

Double-click on the first option, “Application Development Features,” under “World Wide Services”.

Check the “CGI” option, and you can also select several other options if needed.

6. Click the Ok button and wait for the changes to take effect.

After completing the changes, it may request a system reboot, so just let it go and complete the installation. You can now use Internet Information Services by typing “IIS” in the Windows search box.

Instructions for installing Internet information services using PowerShell:

Type “PowerShell” in the window search box and click “Windows PowerShell.”

After opening PowerShell, type the following command:

<Install WindowsFeature -name Web Server? IncludeManagementTools>

Now press “Enter”.

How IIS Processes Requests

A typical web server can use two main processing models. It can process requests according to a single-string model or create a new string for each request. The thread system is a model request IIS uses, which accesses a thread pool and takes a unique series for each request.

Requests are usually processed based on a simple request-response. The customer sends a request, and a response is sent. The Internet connection between the client and the webserver is usually made via the HTTP protocol.

IIS uses its processing engine and processing architecture with two layers or modes: kernel mode and user mode.

Kernel mode: When kernel mode is used, the code can execute any command and has full access to the connected equipment. This mode is mainly used when it is a reliable process and is primarily invulnerable. Any failure in the kernel-mode can cause a lot of damage to the system itself. Kernel mode is also where you will find HTTP.SYS.

User mode: User mode is more limited. In this case, the executed code can not access the hardware or reference memory and provides a more secure working environment. If a mistake is made, the consequences are unlikely to be as devastating as if the error had occurred in the kernel state. Code executed in user mode instructs APIs to communicate with equipment and reference memory, which is much more secure than kernel mode. You will find IIS management services, application pools, and virtual directories in user mode.

The purpose of kernel-mode is to use HTTP.SYS to accept incoming client requests to send them to the application pool. This process begins when the customer or end-user enters the website URL. This is the customer requesting access to the page. HTTP.SYS receives this request.

When the application pool receives the request from HTTP, SYS, the ISAPI filter is loaded by the IIS worker process or w3wp.exe. If it is an ASPX page, it also opens the worker process HttpRuntime.ProcessRequest and sometimes aspnet_isapi.dll. HttpRuntime creates a set of HttpApplication objects. These are sent over HTTP, and HTTP modules are continuously excited until the HTTP controller requests the ASP.NET page. When the HTTP route request is complete, the page starts and loads.

Differences between IIS and Apache

IIS is only available for Windows, but Apache can be used on various operating systems such as Mac, Linux, and Windows. And it is a good alternative.

IIS has its troubleshooting desk, but in the case of Apache, almost all of its support is provided by the user community.

Internet information services can also integrate with multiple generations or Microsoft languages, such as the ASPX programming language.

IIS security features are more reliable than the Apache web server, making it a better option than the Apache.

Conclusion

In the end, this information is all about the what is an IIS Server or what is internet information services and its working criteria. The essential features make it flexible and popular. You must have an understanding of ports for working with the IIS server. If you need more help check this article out!

Frequently Asked Questions

What Does the Internet Information Services (IIS) Role Do?

It is one of the common questions among users. It is good to know that it makes the server act as a web server.

what language is iis written in?

internet information services written in C++ language.


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