Docker hyper v windows 10

Docker is a tool which allows developers to quickly create, deploy and run applications by using containers. The concept of containerization is an approach in which the application, its dependencies and configuration are all packed in a single file known as a container.

Containers are kind of similar to a Virtual Machine, but instead of running whole OS and all its services, they only run bare minimum required by the software packed as a container and depend on host OS for the most part. These containers have better performance than running a complete Virtual Machine and are isolated from the host OS environment.

In this article, let’s look at how to install Docker and enable Hyper-V and WSL to run containers on Windows 10.

Prerequisites

You need Windows 10 64-bit Pro, Enterprise or Education edition with 1703 update or later (build 15063 or later) for using Hyper-V backend or Windows 10 64-bit with 2004 update or later (build 19041 or later) for WSL backend. Aside from this, a modern 64-bit processor with virtualization support and a minimum 4 GB of ram is required.

In addition to the above requirements, you need virtualization support enabled in the BIOS. To check if you already have virtualization enabled, open the Task Manager and go to the Performance tab.

If the virtualization is shown as ‘Disabled’, you will need to enable it in BIOS settings. Depending upon the Motherboard and CPU you have, the steps to enable virtualization differ.

For Intel processors, enable the setting called as Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x) in the BIOS. Similarly, for AMD processors enable the setting called SVM mode in the BIOS. Refer to your motherboard manual to find the respective settings for your CPU.

Install Docker via Winget

Docker is available in the Winget repository, so it can be installed by using a simple command. If you don’t have the winget tool installed and wish to learn more about it, then check out our guide on how to install Winget package manager.

We will install the stable release of Docker available on Winget repositories. Open the PowerShell or CMD and run the following command to install it.

winget install -e --id Docker.DockerDesktop

A UAC prompt will ask for permission to make changes, click on ‘yes’ to continue the Docker Desktop installation. Soon Docker will be installed on your system.

But we can’t run Docker yet, before doing so we need to enable Hyper-V or WSL for Windows 10 or else Docker will throw an error and won’t start. We’ll discuss that later in the guide.

Download and Install Docker Manually

If you want to install Docker the manual way, head on over to the Docker Desktop downloads page and then click on ‘Download for Windows (Stable)’ button to download the installer file.

Then, go to your downloads folder and double click on ‘Docker Desktop Installer’ setup file to initiate the installation process.

You will be presented with a configuration window in the setup process. Tick ‘Enable WSL 2 Windows Features’ if you are on Windows 10 Home edition or want to use Docker’s WSL 2 backend and Tick ‘Add shortcut to desktop’ if you want Docker Desktop shortcut, then press ‘Ok’ to begin the installation.

Once the Docker Desktop setup finished unpacking and installing the files, click on the ‘Close and restart’ button to complete the docker installation process.

Enable Hyper-V or WSL?

Now all that is left is to enable the Hyper-V or WSL depending upon the Windows 10 edition and version you have.

• Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise & Education edition with 1703 update or later: If you are not on 2004 update or later, then only Hyper-V backend can be used.
• Windows 10 Home edition with 2004 update or later: Only WSL can be enabled as Hyper-V feature is not available on Home edition.
• Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise & Education edition with 2004 update or later: Both the Hyper-V & WSL can be enabled and used with docker.

Enable Hyper-V

Hyper-V is a native hypervisor for Windows 10 which can be used to create and run virtual machines. Hyper-V is on the route to becoming the legacy option to run containers on Windows 10, as docker is planning to use WSL as its main backend to run containers.

But you still need Hyper-V if you want to run Docker native Windows containers. Thus to enable Hyper-V, open the PowerShell as administrator and run the following command:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName $("Microsoft-Hyper-V", "Containers") -All

PowerShell will prompt you to restart the computer to complete Hyper-V installation, type Y and hit enter to do the same. After rebooting the computer, you can run Docker Desktop and use containers.

Enable WSL

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a compatibility layer which allows users to run Linux application natively on Windows 10. The Docker WSL backend allows users to run native Linux Docker containers on Windows without Hyper-V emulation.

If you have the latest Windows 10 2004 update, then it is recommended to use the WSL as Docker backend as it performs better than Hyper-V backend. The Windows 10 Home edition users have no other option than using the WSL backend for Docker as Home edition don’t have Hyper-V feature.

Note: If you have ticked ‘Enable WSL 2 Windows Feature’ in the setup, this command can be skipped as Docker Setup enables WSL automatically. Go to the ‘Update WSL’ section below to continue with the process.

Open PowerShell as administrator then run the following commands to enable WSL and ‘Virtual Machine Platform’ WSL component for Windows 10.

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName $("VirtualMachinePlatform", "Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux")

Press ‘Y’ and hit enter to restart the computer and complete the process.

Update WSL

After you have Completed the Docker Installation and restarted the system, when you run the Docker Desktop you will see an error as shown below.

Click on this link or link in the error to go to Microsoft Docs page with the latest WSL2 kernel update. Then click on ‘download the latest WSL2 Linux kernel’ link on the page as shown below to download ‘wsl_update_x64’ setup file.

Double click on the setup file you downloaded in the step above and press ‘yes’ when prompted for permission.

Once you’ve enabled and updated the WSL for Windows 10, you can run Docker searching for it in the Start menu.

Switch between Hyper-V & WSL Backend

If you have enabled both Hyper-V & WSL you can use both the backends and switch between them to either use the native Windows Containers or Linux Containers.

Switch to Hyper-V backend by going to the Docker system tray icon, right-clicking on it and selecting ‘Switch to Windows containers’ option. Similarly, you can switch to WSL backend by selecting ‘Switch to Linux containers’ option.

Verify Docker Installation

The white whale in the system tray indicates that Docker is running. But you can also test your docker installation by opening the PowerShell or CMD and typing docker --version

PS C:\Users\ATH> docker --version
Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b

Next, try to pull the hello-world image and run a container by running docker run hello-world command in PowerShell or CMD:

PS C:\Users\ATH> docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6a65f928fb91fcfbc963f7aa6d57c8eeb426ad9a20c7ee045538ef34847f44f1
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

This message shows that our Docker installation was successful and we are ready to pull images and create containers.

Docker is a platform for creating and deploying applications in self-sufficient containers. The installation of Docker is pretty easy in Linux, but this is usually not the case with Windows. In this post, I will show you how to install Docker in Windows 10 or Windows 11 in multiple ways. You’ll learn there is indeed a way that makes the Docker Desktop installation in Windows as simple as in Linux.

Prerequisites

You might already be aware that Docker relies on virtualization technology. On Windows, Docker can use either the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2 or Hyper-V as a backend.

Docker with WSL2 backend

The current version of Docker Desktop only works on the 64-bit edition of Windows, whether you’re running Windows 10 or Windows 11. To run Docker with the WSL2 backend, your system must meet the following prerequisites:

• Windows 10: Home/Pro 21H1 (build 19043) or higher, or Enterprise/Education 20H2 (build 19042) or higher
• Windows 11: Home/Pro version 21H2 or higher, or Enterprise/Education version 21H2 or higher
• WSL2 feature enabled
• Linux kernel update package for WSL2
• For WSL2, the following are the hardware requirements:
  • 64-bit CPU with second-level address translation (SLAT)
  • Hardware virtualization support, which must be enabled in BIOS/UEFI
  • 4 GB RAM

Docker with Hyper-V backend

To be able to run Docker with a Hyper-V backend and Windows containers, your system must meet the following prerequisites:

• Windows 10: Pro 21H1 (build 19043) or higher, or Enterprise/Education 20H2 (build 19042) or higher
• Windows 11: Pro/Enterprise/Education version 21H2 or higher
• Optional Windows features for Hyper-V and Containers must be enabled

  

  Enable Hyper V and Containers windows features for Docker

For Hyper-V, following are the hardware requirements:

• 64-bit CPU with second-level address translation (SLAT)
• Hardware virtualization support, which must be enabled in BIOS/UEFI
• 4 GB RAM

In addition to the aforementioned requirements, if you want to run Docker in a Hyper-V guest VM, you need to enable nested virtualization by running this PowerShell command on the Hyper-V host:

Set-VMProcessor -VMName <VMName> -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $True

Make sure your VM is powered off before running this command. Without nested virtualization support, Docker will not work in a VM, and you will receive the error message shown below.

Install Docker using the GUI

To install Docker Desktop in Windows using the GUI, follow these steps:

Download Docker Desktop. You will see a configuration screen, as shown in the screenshot:

To use Docker with the WSL 2 backend, check the box that says Use WSL 2 instead of Hyper-V (recommended). If you want to use Hyper-V instead, uncheck this option and click OK.

When the installation is complete, click the Close and Restart button to restart your computer.

After restarting, you will be able to run Docker Desktop using either a shortcut or a command prompt. If you did not install WSL 2 before installing Docker, you will receive the WSL 2 installation is incomplete error when you try to start Docker.

To fix this error, run the wsl —update command in an elevated PowerShell console, and restart your computer.

Install Docker using winget

Winget is a command-line package manager for modern versions of Windows, which works just like apt or DNF in Linux. If you have a little experience with package installation in Linux, you probably know that you usually just have to type a command and the package is ready for use. Well, winget does the exact same thing in Windows. All you need is Windows 10 1809 (build 17763) or Windows 11. To install Docker in Windows using winget, follow these steps:

Launch an elevated command prompt or PowerShell console, and type the following command:

winget install --exact --id Docker.DockerDesktop --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements

The —exact (or -e in short) parameter tells winget to find the package using an exact match. The installation can take a while, but it is pretty much automatic, so there is nothing you need to do but wait.

When the command is finished, open a new command prompt (or PowerShell console) and run the docker —version command.

If you try to run docker —version in the same command prompt, you will likely see The term ‘docker’ is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program error, as shown in the screenshot.

This error occurs because your current command session (cmd or PowerShell) is still using the old environment variables. To be able to recognize the newly added Docker variable, you must reload the environment variables. Launching a new command session is the easiest way to load new variables.

Install Docker using PowerShell

To install Docker Desktop using PowerShell, follow these steps:

Download Docker Desktop.

Once the installer package is downloaded, open an elevated PowerShell console or Windows Terminal, and type the following command to start Docker installation:

Start-Process "D:\Docker Desktop Installer.exe" -Wait -NoNewWindow "install --quiet --accept-license"

Make sure you adjust the installer path. The -Wait parameter causes the Start-Process cmdlet to wait for the new process to finish, and the -NoNewWindow parameter prevents the new process from opening in a new window. The —quiet switch is offered by Docker’s install command and suppresses the installation information. To see the information, skip this switch. Since we are using PowerShell, notice how —quiet and other flags are enclosed in quotes along with the install command—this is very important to avoid errors. By default, Docker will use the WSL 2 backend, but you could include the —backend=hyper-v flag to use the Hyper-V backend instead.

Once the above command is finished, you will see a shortcut for Docker Desktop on your desktop. Double-click the shortcut to launch Docker.

All of these installation methods are self-sufficient, so there is nothing additional you need to do. But you may still get an error message that says Docker Desktop – Access denied. You are not allowed to use Docker. You must be in the «docker-users» group.

If you get this error, run the following command in an elevated PowerShell console:

Add-LocalGroupMember -Group "docker-users" -Member $env:UserName -Verbose

Don’t forget to log off and log on again after running this command. If you want to delegate another user to run Docker Desktop, you can specify that username with the -Member parameter instead of $env:UserName.

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That was all for this guide. You just learned how to install Docker in Windows using the GUI, winget, and PowerShell. I am curious to know which method you prefer, and why.

Рассмотрим установку Docker Desktop for Windows — это Community-версия Docker для систем Microsoft Windows.

Системные требования

• Windows 10 64-bit: Pro, Enterprise, Education (Build 16299 или выше).

Для успешного запуска Client Hyper-V в Windows 10 требуются следующие предварительные требования к оборудованию:

• 64 bit процессор c поддержкой Second Level Address Translation (SLAT).
• 4GB системной памяти.
• Поддержка аппаратной виртуализации на уровне BIOS должна быть включена в настройках BIOS.

Подготовка

Включаем функции Hyper-V Containers Window. Для этого переходим в панель управления — установка и удаление программ — включение или отключение компонентов Windows. Активируем пункт Hyper-V, который включает Hyper-V Managment Tools, Hyper-V Platform.

Также это можно выполнить через powershell или dism (все команды необходимо выполнять с правами администратора).

Powershell:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All

DISM:

DISM /Online /Enable-Feature /All /FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V

Установка

Скачиваем установщик Docker (Docker Desktop Installer) с Docker Hub.

Установка Docker Desktop включает Docker Engine, Docker CLI client, Docker Compose, Notary, Kubernetes и Credential Helper. Контейнеры и образы, созданные с помощью Docker Desktop, используются всеми учетными записями пользователей на компьютерах, на которых он установлен. Это связано с тем, что все учетные записи Windows используют одну и ту же виртуальную машину для создания и запуска контейнеров. При использовании Docker Desktop WSL 2 невозможно обмениваться контейнерами и образами между учетными записями пользователей.

Запускаем установщик Docker Desktop Installer.exe и ожидаем пока он скачает все необходимые компоненты.

После установки система потребует перезагрузки. Перезагружаемся и входим в систему.

После входа может возникнут запрос на установку дополнительного компонента WSL2. Переходим по ссылке и скачиваем необходимый пакет с официального сайта Microsoft.

После скачивания выполняем установку WSL2, после которой снова потребуется перезагрузка.

Настройка и запуск приложения

Входим в систему и ждем запуска всех служб Docker. Когда все службы будут запущены, мы увидим в трее классический значок Docker — это значит что служба установлена и запущена. Далее можно запустить приложение Docker desktop. Далее можно изменить настройки Docker при необходимости:

Далее управление Docker выполняется через Powershell. Проверяем версию и выполняем тестовый запуск контейнера:

После выполнения всех этих действий, Docker готов к использованию.

Нужна помощь? Настройки docker/docker swarm/docker compose мы осуществляем в рамках услуги DevOps-аутсорсинг.

Introduction 

In the earlier articles Docker Introduction and Docker Architecture, we came to know the fundamentals, usage, and introduction of Docker. So let’s learn how to install and configure Docker in Windows 10. Community provided community edition (CE) as this is a free version. As it’s free licensing, you can download and install it on your personal computer. Docker fundamentals and details must be required in case you wanted to build Cloud Native Microservices related applications.

There are many more platforms and tools are available in the market which provides building container-based applications. However, in the last few years, Docker became a major industry-standard for building container-based applications using https://kubernetes.io/ organization.

Getting Started:

Docker requires Hyper-V enabled options for Windows 10. Without an enabled option, Docker can not run after installation. Therefore, the Hyper-V option must be enabled.

Enable Hyper-V option in Windows 10

Step 1

Ensure that the hardware virtualization support option is turned on in the BIOS settings.

Step 2

Enable the Hyper-V role through Windows Settings.

• Right-click on the Windows button and please select ‘Apps and Features’.
• Select Programs and Features on the right under related windows settings.
• Select Turn Windows Features on or off.
• Select Hyper-V and click OK.

Click on Products Option -> Docker Desktop on the menu bar. This will take you to the docker desktop product page. Which will be redirected to Docker Desktop Page. Docker community provides all supported installers for Windows, Mac, Linux. You can download it as per your preference.

Click on the download icon or button. It will allow you to download an installer for Docker Desktop.

Installation Docker Using Docker Desktop Installer

After successfully downloading the installer file of Docker Desktop, please double click on the installer file. The Windows UAC screen will appear for permission to run the program. Click on Yes to continue to the installation process.

Let’s Run Docker

After restarting Windows, you can able to run Docker using the icon created on the desktop or choose the ‘Docker Desktop’ option from the start menu. Once you click on the icon, Docker starts its service automatically. It will take around 30 sec to start Docker services. Once Docker gets started, you can see an icon for Docker on the bottom right of the taskbar, as shown below.

Check the version of Docker that’s installed 

You can review the version of Docker by going to docker —version command in git bash, it will display the current version which is installed on your machine.

Summary