Create ssh key git windows

4.3 Git на сервере — Генерация открытого SSH ключа

$ cd ~/.ssh
$ ls
authorized_keys2  id_dsa       known_hosts
config            id_dsa.pub

$ ssh-keygen -o
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/schacon/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/schacon/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
d0:82:24:8e:d7:f1:bb:9b:33:53:96:93:49:da:9b:e3 schacon@mylaptop.local

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAklOUpkDHrfHY17SbrmTIpNLTGK9Tjom/BWDSU
GPl+nafzlHDTYW7hdI4yZ5ew18JH4JW9jbhUFrviQzM7xlELEVf4h9lFX5QVkbPppSwg0cda3
Pbv7kOdJ/MTyBlWXFCR+HAo3FXRitBqxiX1nKhXpHAZsMciLq8V6RjsNAQwdsdMFvSlVK/7XA
t3FaoJoAsncM1Q9x5+3V0Ww68/eIFmb1zuUFljQJKprrX88XypNDvjYNby6vw/Pb0rwert/En
mZ+AW4OZPnTPI89ZPmVMLuayrD2cE86Z/il8b+gw3r3+1nKatmIkjn2so1d01QraTlMqVSsbx
NrRFi9wrf+M7Q== schacon@mylaptop.local

After you’ve checked for existing SSH keys, you can generate a new SSH key to use for authentication, then add it to the ssh-agent.

About SSH key passphrases

You can access and write data in repositories on GitHub.com using SSH (Secure Shell Protocol). When you connect via SSH, you authenticate using a private key file on your local machine. For more information, see «About SSH.»

When you generate an SSH key, you can add a passphrase to further secure the key. Whenever you use the key, you must enter the passphrase. If your key has a passphrase and you don’t want to enter the passphrase every time you use the key, you can add your key to the SSH agent. The SSH agent manages your SSH keys and remembers your passphrase.

If you don’t already have an SSH key, you must generate a new SSH key to use for authentication. If you’re unsure whether you already have an SSH key, you can check for existing keys. For more information, see «Checking for existing SSH keys.»

If you want to use a hardware security key to authenticate to GitHub, you must generate a new SSH key for your hardware security key. You must connect your hardware security key to your computer when you authenticate with the key pair. For more information, see the OpenSSH 8.2 release notes.

Generating a new SSH key

You can generate a new SSH key on your local machine. After you generate the key, you can add the public key to your account on GitHub.com to enable authentication for Git operations over SSH.

1. Open TerminalTerminalGit Bash.

2. Paste the text below, substituting in your GitHub email address.

   ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
   

   Note: If you are using a legacy system that doesn’t support the Ed25519 algorithm, use:

    ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
   

   This creates a new SSH key, using the provided email as a label.

   > Generating public/private ALGORITHM key pair.
   

   When you’re prompted to «Enter a file in which to save the key», you can press Enter to accept the default file location. Please note that if you created SSH keys previously, ssh-keygen may ask you to rewrite another key, in which case we recommend creating a custom-named SSH key. To do so, type the default file location and replace id_ssh_keyname with your custom key name.

3. At the prompt, type a secure passphrase. For more information, see «Working with SSH key passphrases.»

   > Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
   > Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]
   

Adding your SSH key to the ssh-agent

Before adding a new SSH key to the ssh-agent to manage your keys, you should have checked for existing SSH keys and generated a new SSH key. When adding your SSH key to the agent, use the default macOS ssh-add command, and not an application installed by macports, homebrew, or some other external source.

Generating a new SSH key for a hardware security key

If you are using macOS or Linux, you may need to update your SSH client or install a new SSH client prior to generating a new SSH key. For more information, see «Error: Unknown key type.»

1. Insert your hardware security key into your computer.

2. Open TerminalTerminalGit Bash.

3. Paste the text below, substituting in the email address for your account on GitHub.

   Note: If the command fails and you receive the error invalid format or feature not supported, you may be using a hardware security key that does not support the Ed25519 algorithm. Enter the following command instead.

    ssh-keygen -t ecdsa-sk -C "your_email@example.com"
   

4. When you are prompted, touch the button on your hardware security key.

5. When you are prompted to «Enter a file in which to save the key,» press Enter to accept the default file location.

6. When you are prompted to type a passphrase, press Enter.

   > Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
   > Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]
   

7. Add the SSH public key to your account on GitHub. For more information, see «Adding a new SSH key to your GitHub account.»

Инструменты

Git SSH Windows — пошаговое руководство

Дата размещения статьи 08/12/2019 👁31067

Introduction

Git connects to remotes by default via HTTPS, which requires you to enter your login and password every time you run a command like Git pull or git push, using the SSH protocol. You may connect to servers and authenticate to access their services. The three services listed allow Git to connect through SSH rather than HTTPS. Using public-key encryption eliminates the need to type a login and password for each Git command.

Make sure a Git is installed

Make sure Git is installed before you start. Run the following command in your Windows terminal to see if Git is installed on your computer:

git --version

Install Git

To install Git, you can download the latest version from the official Git website. You can also install Git using Chocolatey or Winget package manager.

Install Git official website

To install Git from the official website, follow the steps below:

1. Go to the official Git website and download the latest version of Git for Windows.
2. Run the installer and follow the steps below:
   1. Click Next on the first two screens to accept the default options.
   2. Click Next on the Select Components screen.
   3. Click Next on the Choosing the default editor used by Git screen.
   4. Click Next on the Choosing the default terminal emulator screen.
   5. Select the Use Git from the Windows Command Prompt option.
   6. Select the Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings option.
   7. Select the Use Windows’ default console window option.
   8. Click Next on the Configuring the line ending conversions screen.
   9. Click Next on the Configuring the terminal emulator to use with Git Bash screen.
   10. Click Install on the Choosing HTTPS transport backend screen.
   11. Click Finish on the Completing the Git Setup screen.
3. Open a new command prompt window and verify that Git is installed correctly by typing git --version.

Install Git using Chocolatey

To install Git using Chocolatey, follow the steps below:

1. Open Windows Terminal.
2. Run the following command to install Git:

choco install git -y

1. Verify that Git is installed correctly by typing git --version.

Install Git using Winget

To install Git using Winget, follow the steps below:

1. Open Windows Terminal.
2. Run the following command to install Git:

winget install --id=Git.Git  -e

1. Verify that Git is installed correctly by typing git --version.

Note: Don’t forget to specify global Git settings using the following command after installing git:

git config --global user.name 'USERNAME'
git config --global user.email 'YOUR_EMAIL@EXAMPLE.COM'

Generate SSH keys

To generate SSH keys, follow the steps below:

1. Open Windows Terminal.
2. Run the following command (change your YOUR_EMAIL@EXAMPLE.COM with your email address) to establish a new SSH key pair:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "YOUR_EMAIL@EXAMPLE.COM"

1. It will ask you where you want to save the private key (id rsa), and you may accept the default location by pressing Enter.

Whether you already have a private key, it will ask if you want to override it:

Overwrite (y/n)?

1. If this happens, hit Enter and type y. Then, enter and re-enter the following passcode (think of it as a password):

Enter a file in which to save the key (/c/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]

1. Enter a secure passphrase.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

1. The SSH key pair is created in ~/.ssh, and the whole interaction should look like this:

1. Verify that the SSH key was created by running the following command:

ls .\.ssh\

Add SSH key to the ssh-agent to your account

Copy the SSH key to your clipboard by running the following command:

Get-Content .\.ssh\id_rsa.pub | Set-Clipboard

GitHub

Sign in to your GitHub account using a browser by going to github.com and entering your username and password. Click your profile photo in the upper-right corner of the page, then Settings:

Select SSH and GPG keys from the user settings sidebar. Then select New SSH key from the drop-down menu. Put a descriptive label for the new key in the Title area (for example, your computer’s name) and paste your public key into the Key field. Last but not least, click Add SSH key:

The key is now visible in the list of SSH keys linked to your account:

GitLab

Sign in to your GitLab account using a browser by going to gitlab.com and entering your username and password. Click your profile photo in the upper-right corner of the page, then Settings:

Click SSH Keys in the User Settings sidebar. In the Key area, paste your public key. Fill in the Title area for the new key with a descriptive term (for example, the name of your computer). Finally, click the Add key:

The key is now visible in the list of SSH keys linked to your account:

Bitbucket

Log in to your Bitbucket account using a browser by going to bitbucket.org and entering your username and password. Click your profile photo in the lower-left corner of the website, then Bitbucket settings:

SSH keys may be found in the Settings sidebar’s Security section. After that, select Add key from the drop-down menu. Fill up the Description box with a descriptive label for the new key (such as your computer’s name), and then paste your public key into the Key field. Last but not least, choose to Add key:

The key has now been added to your account’s list of SSH keys:

Test connecting via SSH

Before utilizing SSH with Git, GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket allow you to verify whether the connection has been set up successfully.

GitHub Test Connecting via SSH

Open the terminal once you’ve added your SSH key to your GitHub account and type:

ssh -T git@github.com

If you’re connecting to GitHub over SSH for the first time, the SSH client will ask if you trust the GitHub server’s public key:

The authenticity of host 'github.com (140.82.113.4)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:a5d6c20b1790b4c144b9d26c9b201bbee3797aa010f2701c09c1b3a6262d2c02.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

Press Enter after typing yes. GitHub has been added to the list of trustworthy hosts in the SSH client:

Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,140.82.113.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

You won’t be asked about GitHub’s public key again once you’ve added it to the list of known hosts.

The server notifies you that you have successfully authenticated and ends the connection: Because this remote access through SSH is offered by GitHub only for testing purposes and not for practical usage, the server informs you that you have successfully authenticated and terminates the connection:

Hi YOUR_USER_NAME! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

If you passed the test, you may now utilize SSH with GitHub.

The entire interaction should look something like this:

ssh -T git@github.com

The authenticity of host 'github.com (140.82.113.4)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:a5d6c20b1790b4c144b9d26c9b201bbee3797aa010f2701c09c1b3a6262d2c02.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,140.82.113.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Hi your_user_name! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
YOUR_USER_NAME@YOUR_HOST_NAME:~>

GitLab Test Connecting via SSH

The test is pretty similar if you’ve added your SSH key to your GitLab account:

ssh -T git@gitlab.com

The authenticity of host 'gitlab.com (35.231.145.151)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:4ac7a7fd4296d5e6267c9188346375ff78f6097a802e83c0feaf25277c9e70cc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'gitlab.com,35.231.145.151' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to GitLab, @YOUR_USER_NAME!

If you passed the test, you may now utilize SSH with GitLab.

Bitbucket Test Connecting via SSH

The test is pretty similar if you’ve added your SSH key to your Bitbucket account:

ssh -T git@bitbucket.org

The authenticity of host 'bitbucket.org (104.192.143.1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:fb7d37d5497c43f73325e0a98638cac8dda3b01a8c31f4ee11e2e953c19e0252.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'bitbucket.org,104.192.143.1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
logged in as YOUR_USER_NAME.

You can use git or hg to connect to Bitbucket. Shell access is disabled.

If you passed the test, you may now utilize SSH with Bitbucket.

References

• GitHub SSH Key Setup
• GitLab SSH Key Setup
• Bitbucket SSH Key Setup