Что такое core версия windows

Windows 10 Core Edition is a stripped-down version of Windows 10 designed for low-end devices with limited hardware capabilities, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, point-of-sale terminals, and other embedded systems. This version of Windows 10 lacks some features of the standard Windows 10 editions, such as Cortana, Windows Hello facial recognition, Windows Ink, and other niche features that are not essential for these types of devices. Windows 10 Core Edition is a lightweight and flexible operating system that is optimized for low-power devices, with low memory and storage requirements, making it a popular choice among manufacturers for their cost-sensitive projects.

Video Tutorial:What does Windows Core Edition mean?

What is the difference between Windows 10 Home and Windows 10 core?

There is no such thing as Windows 10 Core. It is possible that you may be referring to Windows 10 IoT Core, which is an operating system designed for low-powered devices used in IoT (Internet of Things) environments. Windows 10 Home, on the other hand, is a more general-purpose desktop operating system that is designed for home users. The major difference between the two is that Windows 10 Home is more feature-rich, with a complete set of applications and utilities that are optimized for desktop use, while Windows 10 IoT Core is focused on providing a lightweight and streamlined OS for IoT devices that need to run on limited resources. Essentially, Windows 10 Home is designed for PCs, while Windows 10 IoT Core is designed for embedded devices.

What are the 3 versions of Windows 10?

As of my knowledge, there are three versions of Windows 10: Home, Pro, and Enterprise. Windows 10 Home is designed for individuals and households, while Windows 10 Pro includes additional features for small businesses. Windows 10 Enterprise is targeted towards medium to large businesses and offers advanced security and management features. Depending on the user’s needs and requirements, one of these three versions can be chosen.

Windows Core is not a standalone product or operating system. It is a minimal footprint version of Windows that is used to create custom operating system images for specific devices or scenarios. Windows Core is available as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) which can be downloaded for free from the Microsoft website. Although Windows Core itself is not available for direct download or for purchase, its usage and deployment through the ADK is subject to the applicable licensing terms for Windows. Therefore, licensing requirements and associated costs may vary depending on the intended use of the custom images created with Windows Core.

Why use Windows core?

There are several reasons to use Windows core as the operating system for a device. Firstly, Windows core is a proven and reliable operating system that has been refined over many years. It has a strong foundation and is suitable for use in a wide range of devices. Secondly, Windows core is highly customizable, allowing developers to tailor the operating system to their specific requirements. This means that companies can create devices with unique features that differentiate them from competitors. Additionally, Windows core has a large user base and a wealth of supporting documentation, making it easier for developers to create applications and devices that are compatible with existing software. Finally, Windows core is backed by Microsoft, a company with extensive resources and expertise in the technology industry. This means that companies using Windows core can benefit from ongoing support and updates, ensuring that their devices remain secure and up-to-date with the latest features.

How many cores does Windows 10 need?

The number of CPU cores required for Windows 10 depends on the specific edition of the operating system and the intended use case. For example, the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 10 Home and Pro editions are a 1 GHz or faster processor with at least 2 cores, while the Enterprise and Education editions require a minimum of 2 GHz processor with 2 cores or higher. However, for more demanding tasks such as gaming or content creation, a processor with 4 or more cores is recommended for optimal performance. In general, the number of cores required for Windows 10 will depend on the user’s specific needs and usage patterns.

Which Windows 10 edition is best?

When choosing the best edition of Windows 10, it mainly depends on the user’s needs and budget. For the regular home user, the Windows 10 Home edition is the most appropriate choice. This edition offers basic features like the Start Menu, Cortana, Microsoft Edge Browser, and Windows Hello Login. The Windows 10 Pro edition, on the other hand, provides a range of more advanced features such as Remote Desktop, BitLocker, and Hyper-V, which are beneficial for small business owners and IT professionals. Besides the Home and Pro editions, there are other versions such as Windows 10 Enterprise and Education, which are designed for larger businesses and academic institutions. Ultimately, when choosing which version to go for, it’s important to assess your needs and determine which edition best suits your requirements.

Источник

Windows 10 Home, Pro, Enterprise, Education, S или IoT Core — выберите вариант, соответствующий вашим задачам.

Как узнать, какая редакция Windows 10 вам нужна

Независимо от того, хотите вы обновиться до Windows 10, приобрести новый компьютер или просто переустановить систему, вам понадобится выбрать редакцию. У этой ОС есть четыре главные редакции и ещё пара побочных. Разбираемся, чем они отличаются и кому подходят.

Выбор разрядности системы

Прежде чем выбирать редакцию Windows, нужно определить разрядность системы. Microsoft предоставляет 32-разрядную версию Windows 10 для старых процессоров и 64-разрядную — для новых.

Грубо говоря, если ваш компьютер был создан после 2007 года, он скорее всего оснащён 64-разрядным процессором. Полное руководство по определению разрядности процессора вы можете посмотреть здесь.

Выбор подходящей редакции

Windows 10 Home

Начальная редакция Windows 10, предустановленная на большинстве компьютеров и ноутбуков, которые можно найти в продаже. Эта версия не имеет продвинутых инструментов для обеспечения безопасности бизнес-данных, как в старших редакциях, но они не особенно-то и нужны домашним пользователям.

В Home Edition есть все универсальные приложения от Microsoft, такие как «Календарь», «Почта», «Карты», «Фильмы» и «Фотографии».

Основной недостаток Windows 10 Home Edition — наличие рекламных приложений, которые время от времени автоматически устанавливаются в ваше меню «Пуск». Впрочем, при желании их можно удалить.

Лицензия на Домашнюю версию Windows 10 стоит 9 499 рублей.

Кому выбрать: Windows 10 Home Edition подойдёт большинству обычных пользователей. Да, в ней нет встроенных инструментов для шифрования, но при желании вы можете установить самостоятельно сторонние программы.

Windows 10 Home в Microsoft Store →

Windows 10 Pro

Windows 10 Pro — более продвинутая редакция ОС от Microsoft. Она содержит все те же инструменты и приложения, что и Home Edition, плюс несколько дополнительных функций:

  • Инструмент Microsoft Hyper-V. Используется для запуска операционных систем семейств Windows и Linux в виртуальных машинах. Полезен для разработчиков и системных администраторов, которые занимаются тестированием ПО. Обычные пользователи предпочтут применять для экспериментов более понятный VirtualBox.
  • Центр обновления Windows Update for Business. Предоставляет некоторые дополнительные обновления вдобавок к тем, что доступны в редакции Home. Кроме того, позволяет откладывать установку обновлений.
  • Средства безопасности Device Guard и Secure Boot. Device Guard предназначен для защиты от атак нулевого дня и полиморфных вирусов. Secure Boot защищает от буткитов, которые могут запуститься вместе с системой во время включения компьютера.
  • BitLocker. Инструмент для шифрования данных. При желании можно зашифровать хоть всю систему целиком. Полезно для тех, кто хранит на компьютере важные рабочие файлы и опасается, что они окажутся не в тех руках.
  • Управление групповыми политиками. Используется для работы с настройками множества компьютеров через локальную сеть. Необходимо системным администраторам.

Лицензия на Профессиональную версию Windows 10 стоит 14 199 рублей.

Кому выбрать: Windows 10 Pro ориентирована на малые предприятия. Но и обычные пользователи могут приобрести эту редакцию, если нуждаются в продвинутых инструментах безопасности и шифрования.

Windows 10 Pro в Microsoft Store →

Windows 10 Enterprise

Windows 10 Enterprise рассчитана на корпоративное применение. Она включает в себя тот же набор инструментов, что и Windows Pro. Но, помимо этого, редакция Enterprise предоставляет доступ к обновлениям Long-Term Service Branch (LTSB). Это означает, что на ваш компьютер будут устанавливаться только проверенные и самые стабильные обновления, к тому же вы сможете откладывать их получение.

В Windows 10 Enterprise отсутствуют универсальные приложения вроде «Почты», «Календаря», «Карт» и других. Кроме того, на устройства с такой операционной системой не устанавливаются рекламные приложения.

Цена на Windows 10 Enterprise зависит от количества копий, которые вы желаете приобрести. Сначала вам придётся установить на свои компьютеры Windows 10 Pro, а уж потом обновить её до Windows 10 Enterprise. Найти сертифицированных поставщиков и уточнить цены можно на сайте Microsoft или по телефону в Центре лицензирования Microsoft.

Кому выбрать: Windows 10 Enterprise разработана специально для средних и крупных предприятий и организаций. Для обычных пользователей её возможностей будет многовато.

Windows 10 Enterprise на сайте Microsoft →

Windows 10 Education

Это редакция Windows 10 для образовательных учреждений. В общем и целом она похожа на Windows 10 Enterprise, но в ней отсутствует возможность присоединиться к каналу обновлений LTSB. Упор в этой редакции Windows делается на предоставление инструментов для студентов и преподавателей.

Здесь есть приложение для настройки учебных компьютеров и инструмент для проведения тестов и экзаменов. Кроме того, пользователи Windows 10 Education получают доступ к образовательному разделу магазина Microsoft Store.

Версия доступна только через академическое лицензирование. Вам придётся сначала установить Windows 10 Home или Pro, а затем обновиться до Education.

Кому выбрать: владельцам академических учреждений. Ориентация на образовательные приложения обычным пользователям точно ни к чему.

Windows 10 Education на сайте Microsoft →

Windows 10 S

Строго говоря, Windows 10 S — это не редакция, а особый режим для Windows 10 Home или Pro, который вы можете включить, если у вас вдруг возникнет такое желание. Он доступен также в редакциях Enterprise и Education.

В Windows 10 S ограничен набор доступных приложений. Вы можете использовать только те варианты, которые устанавливаются из Microsoft Store. Просматривать страницы в интернете здесь можно только через браузер Edge. Благодаря таким ограничениям Windows 10 S значительно легче и быстрее полноценных версий ОС, но вам придётся работать только с теми инструментами, что предлагает в своём магазине Microsoft.

Этот режим чаще всего применяется на планшетах и ноутбуках-трансформерах.

Кому выбрать: Windows 10 S используют те, на чьих устройствах она уже установлена. Конечно, вы можете установить её где захотите, но приготовьтесь столкнуться с рядом ограничений.

Windows 10 S на сайте Microsoft →

Windows 10 IoT Core

Windows 10 IoT Core (IoT означает Internet of Things, «Интернет вещей») предназначена для установки на разнообразные устройства и гаджеты. Хотите запрограммировать какого-нибудь робота, собранного вами, переоборудовать своё старое радио, обеспечив ему доступ в интернет, установить Windows на свой медиацентр или собственноручно создать устройство на базе Arduino? Воспользуйтесь Windows 10 IoT Core. Версия подходит и для различных однопалатных компьютеров, таких как Arrow DragonBoard 410c и Raspberry Pi 3.

Кому выбрать: Windows 10 IoT Core предназначена для опытных пользователей, которые увлекаются электроникой. Кроме того, она пригодится, если вы создаёте какой-нибудь высокотехнологичный стартап.

Windows 10 IoT Core на сайте Microsoft →

Источник

Компания Microsoft всегда имеет большие планы по развитию операционной системы Windows. Теперь она собирается избавить Windows от устаревших компонентов и сделать её модульной. Это изменение известно сейчас как Windows Core OS (WCOS), оно позволит ускорить разработку системы и обеспечить её работу на новых устройствах, сохранив привычный внешний вид.

Одним из аспектов Windows Core OS является компоновщик, пользовательский интерфейс системы. Одним из этих компоновщиков станет Windows Polaris. Давайте посмотрим, как всё это связано между собой и каким Microsoft видит будущее компьютерных устройств.

Window Core OS и OneCore

Чтобы понять стратегию Microsoft по развитию Windows, можно рассмотреть архитектуру системы. Вот её ключевые элементы:

  • Windows OneCore. Microsoft успешно объединила ядро операционной системы для разных устройств ещё в 2015 году.
  • Universal Windows Platform (UWP). Microsoft унифицировала платформу приложений, которая способна запускать программы на архитектуре Win32 (x86, x64), ARM и Xbox.
  • Windows Core OS. Разработчики собираются сделать Windows 10 модульной. После этого система будет выглядеть по-прежнему, но компоненты вроде Win32 и поддержка телефонии для звонков по сотовым сетям будут добавляться или удаляться производителями конкретных устройств. Windows Core OS откроет двери перед по-настоящему универсальной версией Windows 10 без нативной поддержки Win32, которая в итоге придёт на смену Windows 10 S.
  • Windows CShell. Благодаря одному ядру и универсальной платформе приложений последняя часть оболочки, пользовательский интерфейс, будет сама адаптироваться к каждому экрану. Выводя идею Continuum на уровень всей операционной системы, CShell даст устройствам возможность автоматически менять свой пользовательский интерфейс под разные задачи. Windows 10 на ПК сможет использовать интерфейс Windows 10 Mobile для работы в режиме смартфона или интерфейс Xbox в игровом режиме.

Таким образом, Windows будет обладать единым ядром (OneCore) и одинаковыми компонентами системного уровня (Windows Core OS), но оболочка будет отличаться и настраиваться в зависимости от устройств, на которых система работает.

До появления этой модели у Microsoft было общее ядро OneCore, но на системном уровне существовали отличия между Windows 10 Mobile, Windows 10 PC, Xbox, HoloLens и Surface Hub. Каждая из этих систем поддерживалась собственной командой разработчиков. Все они работали с одним ядром OneCore и одним уровнем приложений UWP, но середина была разная.

Теперь эта модель уйдёт в прошлое благодаря Windows Core OS. Ядро, уровень приложений и теперь компоненты системного уровня будут одинаковыми. Единственное отличие будет в оболочке (пользовательском интерфейсе). В модели Windows Core OS оболочка называется компоновщиками. Например, может быть компоновщик для планшетов, для настольных компьютеров, для мобильных устройств.

Компоновщик является составной частью гибких оболочек, которые содержит Windows Core OS. Будет существовать мобильная оболочка (Andromeda), настольная (Polaris), Surface Hub (Aruba), смешанной реальности (Oasis).

Новые устройства теоретически могут иметь множество компоновщиков. Например, устройство может работать как мобильное (Andromeda), но при желании переходить в настольный режим (Polaris).

Компоновщиков может быть даже больше, ограничений нет. Microsoft может иметь завершённое ядро (OneCore), операционную систему (WCOS) и уровень приложений (UWP), к которым она имеет возможность добавлять новые виды компоновщиков с новым типом взаимодействия, вроде игр или совместной работы.

Звучит как функция Continuum, перенесённая на все версии Windows. Это позволяет адаптироваться к новым аппаратным устройствам без необходимости переделывать основы операционной системы. Таким образом, Windows станет модулярной с переменной оболочкой.

Чем отличается Polaris

Когда вы впервые увидите ноутбук с Windows Core OS и оболочкой Polaris, система будет выглядеть как обычная Windows 10. Отличия будут сосредоточены внутри. Будут отсутствовать многие устаревшие компоненты, вроде проводника или факса. От них придётся избавиться, чтобы облегчить Windows и сделать её быстрее.

Вряд ли все устаревшие компоненты будут убраны, включая имеющие тесные связи с классическими интерфейсами прикладного программирования Win32. Windows Core OS можно представить как подвид более старой и тяжёлой системы Windows.

Что будет со старыми приложениями? У Microsoft есть несколько вариантов. Во-первых, портированные при помощи проекта Centennial в магазин приложений Microsoft Store программы по-прежнему будут работать. Microsoft может разместить в магазине множество собственных старых приложений, вроде Paint.

Другой вариант заключается в трансляции приложений из облака. Реальная цель Windows Core OS и Polaris для ноутбуков и компьютеров заключается в использовании универсальной платформы приложений. Microsoft хочет дать пользователям доступ в магазин к универсальным приложениям.

Windows Core OS будет только на новых устройствах

Нужно сразу сказать, что Microsoft не навязывает Windows Core OS, будь то Andromeda или Polaris. Эта урезанная версия Windows будет доступна только на новых компьютерах, так что каждый сам решит, нужна она ему или нет. В маркетинге это называется таргетирование. Впрочем, пользователи будут не главной целью. Система предназначается в первую очередь для образовательных учреждений, включая средние и высшие учебные заведения, работающие с пользователями сотрудники и т.д.

В конечном счёте должны появиться новые ноутбуки и устройства на этой версии Windows, вроде постоянно активных компьютеров на Windows 10 на ARM. Можно не сомневаться, что такие компьютер на процессорах Snapdragon станут использовать Windows Core OS. У них будет современная лёгкая версия операционной системы с поддержкой сотовой связи 4G, мгновенным включением и высокой автономностью. Windows 10 S скорее всего будет заменена на Windows Core OS и Polaris.

Не стоит думать, что Windows 10 Pro сойдёт со сцены. Многие компании, больницы, правительственные учреждения и опытные пользователи зависят в своей работе от поддержки классических приложений на компьютерах и ноутбуках. Эти устройства будут поддерживаться и для них будут выпускаться новые компоненты.

Но в долгосрочной перспективе Microsoft видит Windows Core OS как основную операционную систему для настольных компьютеров, смартфонов, игровых консолей, устройств смешанной реальности и т.д.

Почему Windows Core OS станет правильным выбором

Windows Core OS кажется тем, что нужно будущим компьютером. Хромбуки от Google увеличивают свою долю, по большей части в школах, но также среди домашних пользователей. Лёгкая, гибкая, безопасная и современная операционная система нужна Microsoft, чтобы Windows осталась конкурентоспособной в следующем десятилетии.

Потребительский рынок движется в сторону мобильных вычислительных устройств. Google продаёт хромбуки со слоганом о том, что компьютер должен быть больше похож на смартфоны. Кажется, что покупатели считают так же.

Windows Core OS с компоновщиками (Cshell) является ключом к этому. Для учащихся, рабочих и многих потребителей такая модель будет наиболее привлекательной. Пока остаётся много вопросов относительно будущего Windows, но новая архитектура выглядит многообещающей.

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Windows 10 has several editions, all with varying feature sets, use cases, or intended devices. Certain editions are distributed only on devices directly from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), while editions such as Enterprise and Education are only available through volume licensing channels. Microsoft also makes editions of Windows 10 available to device manufacturers for use on specific classes of devices, including IoT devices and previously marketed Windows 10 Mobile for smartphones.

Baseline editions[edit]

Baseline editions are the only editions available as standalone purchases in retail outlets. PCs often come pre-installed with one of these editions.

Home
Windows 10 Home is designed for use in PCs, tablets and 2-in-1 PCs. It includes all features directed at consumers.[1][2][3]
Pro
Windows 10 Pro includes all features of Windows 10 Home, with additional capabilities that are oriented towards professionals and business environments, such as Active Directory, Remote Desktop, BitLocker, Hyper-V, and Windows Defender Device Guard.[1][2][3]
Pro for Workstations
Windows 10 Pro for Workstations is designed for high-end hardware for intensive computing tasks and supports Intel Xeon, AMD Opteron and the latest AMD Epyc processors; up to 4 CPUs; up to 256 cores; up to 6 TB RAM; the ReFS file system; Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Module (NVDIMM); and remote direct memory access (RDMA).[4][5][6]

Organizational editions[edit]

These editions add features to facilitate centralized control of many installations of the OS within an organization. The main avenue of acquiring them is a volume licensing contract with Microsoft.

Education
Windows 10 Education is distributed through Academic Volume Licensing. It was based on Windows 10 Enterprise and initially reported to have the same feature set.[1][2][3] As of version 1709, however, this edition has fewer features. See § Comparison chart for details.
Pro Education
This edition was introduced in July 2016 for hardware partners on new devices purchased with the discounted K–12 academic license. It was based on the Pro edition of Windows 10 and contains mostly the same features as Windows 10 Pro with different options disabled by default, and adds options for setup and deployment in an education environment. It also features a «Set Up School PCs» app that allows provisioning of settings using a USB flash drive, and does not include Cortana, Microsoft Store suggestions, Windows Sandbox, or Windows Spotlight.[7][8][9]
Enterprise
Windows 10 Enterprise provides all the features of Windows 10 Pro for Workstations, with additional features to assist with IT-based organizations.[1][2][3] Windows 10 Enterprise is configurable on two servicing channels, Semi-Annual Channel and Windows Insider Program.[10]
Enterprise LTSC
Enterprise LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel) is a long-term support variant of Windows 10 Enterprise released every 2 to 3 years. Each release is supported with security updates for either 5 or 10 years after its release, and intentionally receive no feature updates.[11] Some features, including the Microsoft Store and bundled apps, are not included in this edition.[12][1][3] This edition was first released as Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB (Long-Term Servicing Branch).[13] There are currently 4 releases of LTSC: one in 2015 (version 1507), one in 2016 (version 1607), one in 2018 (labeled as 2019, version 1809), and one in 2021 (version 21H2).[14][15]

S mode[edit]

Since 2018, OEMs can ship Windows 10 Home and Pro in a feature-limited variation named S mode which evolved from the discontinued Windows 10 S. Organizations employing Windows 10 Enterprise or Windows 10 Education can make use of S mode too.[16] S mode is a feature-limited edition of Windows 10 designed primarily for low-end devices in the education market. It has a faster initial setup and login process, and allows devices to be provisioned using a USB drive with the «Set Up School PCs» app.

Changes[edit]

With the exception of the Microsoft Teams desktop client which was made available for S mode in April 2019,[citation needed] the installation of software (both Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and Windows API apps) is only possible through the Microsoft Store, and built-in and Microsoft Store-obtained command line programs or shells cannot be run in this mode.[17][18][19][20] System settings are locked to allow only Microsoft Edge as the default web browser with Bing as its search engine.[21] The operating system may be switched out of S mode using the Microsoft Store for free. However, once S Mode is turned off, it cannot be re-enabled.[22][23] All Windows 10 devices in S mode include a free one-year subscription to Minecraft: Education Edition.[citation needed] Critics have compared the edition to Windows RT, and have considered it to be an alternative to ChromeOS.[22][24][25][26][27]

Device-specific editions[edit]

Windows 10 Team running in Surface Hub.

These editions are licensed to OEMs only, and are primarily obtained via the purchase of hardware that includes it:

Holographic
A specific edition used by Microsoft’s HoloLens mixed reality smartglasses.[28][29]
IoT Enterprise
A rebranded variant of Microsoft’s earlier embedded operating systems, Windows Embedded. Designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and IoT scenarios.[30][31] IoT Core was discontinued on 10 November 2020,[32][33] while IoT Core LTSC is supported up through 9 January 2029.[34]
Team
A specific edition used by Microsoft’s Surface Hub interactive whiteboard.[35]

Discontinued editions[edit]

The following editions of Windows 10 were discontinued (as of Windows 10 version 21H2). For both Mobile and Mobile Enterprise, Microsoft confirmed it was exiting the consumer mobile devices market, so no successor product is available.[36]

Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile was designed for smartphones and small tablets. It included all basic consumer features, including Continuum capability. It was the de facto successor of Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows RT.[1][2]
Mobile Enterprise
Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise provided all of the features in Windows 10 Mobile, with additional features to assist IT-based organizations, in a manner similar to Windows 10 Enterprise, but optimized for mobile devices.[1][2]
IoT Mobile
A binary equivalent of Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise licensed for IoT applications. Also known as IoT Mobile Enterprise.[37][38]
S
Windows 10 S was an edition released in 2017 which ultimately evolved into the so-called S mode of Windows 10. In March 2018, Microsoft announced that it would be phasing out Windows 10 S, citing confusion among manufacturers and end-users.[39][40]
10X
Originally announced for use on dual-screen devices such as the Surface Neo and other potential form factors, 10X featured a modified user interface designed around context specific interactions or «postures» on such devices, including a redesigned Start menu with no tiles, and use of container technology to run Win32 software.[41][42] The platform was described as a more direct competitor to ChromeOS.[43][44] On May 4, 2020, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would first be used on single-screen devices, and that they would «continue to look for the right moment, in conjunction with our OEM partners, to bring dual-screen devices to market».[45] Microsoft also added anti-theft protection to Windows 10X, just like how Apple’s Activation Lock and anti-theft protection on Android devices and Chromebooks work.[46] On May 18, 2021, Head of Windows Servicing and Delivery John Cable stated that Windows 10X had been cancelled, and that its foundational technologies would be leveraged for future Microsoft products.[47] Several design changes in 10X, notably the centered taskbar and redesigned start menu, would be later introduced in Windows 11.[48]

Regional variations[edit]

N/KN
As with previous versions of Windows since Windows XP, all Windows 10 editions for PC hardware have «N» and «KN» variations in Europe and South Korea that exclude multimedia functionality, in compliance with antitrust rulings.[49] According to details that Microsoft has published, any app that relies on Microsoft multimedia technologies experiences impaired functionality on these editions, unable to even play audio notification tones.[50] Restoring the missing functionality to these editions entails installing the «Media Feature Pack», followed by Skype, Movies & TV, Windows Media Player, Xbox Game Bar, Windows Voice Recorder, and four codecs.[50] The variation cannot be changed without a clean install, and keys for one variation will not work on other variations.
Home with Bing
As with Windows 8.1, a reduced-price «Windows 10 with Bing» SKU is available to OEMs; it is subsidized by having Microsoft’s Bing search engine set as default, which cannot be changed to a different search engine by OEMs. It is intended primarily for low-cost devices, and is otherwise identical to Windows 10 Home.[51]
Home Single Language
In some emerging markets,[citation needed] OEMs preinstall a variation of Windows 10 Home called Single Language without the ability to switch the display language. It is otherwise identical to Windows 10 Home. To change display language, the user will need to upgrade to Windows 10 Home or Windows 10 Pro.
China Government Edition
In May 2017, it was reported that Microsoft, as part of its partnership with China Electronics Technology Group, created a specially-modified variant of Windows 10 Enterprise («G») designed for use within branches of the Chinese government. This variant is pre-configured to «remove features that are not needed by Chinese government employees», and allow the use of its internal encryption algorithms.[52][53]

Comparison chart[edit]

Guide

Item Meaning
Yes Feature is present in the given edition
Yes, since [update] Feature is present in the given edition after installing a certain update
No Feature is absent from the given edition
No, since [update] Feature is absent from the given edition after installing a certain update (It might have been fully or partly present prior to that update)
[Explanation] Feature is partly present in the given edition
[Explanation], since [update] Feature is partly present in the given edition, after installing a certain update (It might have been fully present prior to that update, or not present at all)

Microsoft OEM licensing formula takes display size, RAM capacity and storage capacity into account. In mid-2015, devices with 4 GB RAM were expected to be $20 more expensive than devices with 2 GB RAM.[75]

Upgrade path[edit]

Free upgrade[edit]

At the time of launch, Microsoft deemed Windows 7 (with Service Pack 1) and Windows 8.1 users eligible to upgrade to Windows 10 free of charge, so long as the upgrade took place within one year of Windows 10’s initial release date. Windows RT and the respective Enterprise editions of Windows 7, 8, and 8.1 were excluded from this offer.[76]

Windows 10 free upgrade matrix

Windows version and edition Windows 10 edition
Windows 7 Starter SP1 Home
Windows 7 Home Basic SP1
Windows 7 Home Premium SP1
Windows 8.1 with Bing
Windows 8.1
Windows 7 Professional SP1 Pro
Windows 7 Ultimate SP1
Windows 8.1 Pro
Windows Phone 8.1 Mobile

Transition paths[edit]

The following table summarizes possible transition paths (upgrade, downgrade, or migration) that can be taken, provided that proper licenses are purchased.

Windows RT does not appear in this table because it cannot be upgraded to Windows 10.

On September 28, 2023, Microsoft disabled the free upgrade path to Windows 10 from Windows 7 or 8.x, although upgrades from Windows 10 to 11 are still supported.[77][78]

Guide

Transition path Meaning
Upgrade Constitutes replacing the OS while preserving apps, their settings, and user data
Repair Constitutes fixing a damaged OS by «upgrading» from one edition to the same
Downgrade Similar to upgrade, but deliberately removes some features
Migration Constitutes replacing the operating system, reinstalling the apps, restoring their settings via backup, and safeguarding user data against accidental deletion.
None It is impossible to replace the OS with the intended target because of platform incompatibility
Supported transition targets[79]

Windows
version 		Windows
edition 		Transition target
Windows
10 Home 		Windows
10 Pro 		Windows 10
Pro for Workstations 		Windows 10
Pro (Education) 		Windows 10
Education 		Windows 10
Enterprise 		Windows 10
Mobile
Windows 7 Starter Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Migration None
Home Basic Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Migration None
Home Premium Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Migration None
Professional Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Ultimate Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Enterprise Migration Migration Upgrade Migration Upgrade Upgrade None
Windows 8.1 (Core) Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Migration None
with Bing Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Migration None
Pro Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Pro for Students Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Pro with Media Center Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Enterprise Migration Migration Migration Migration Upgrade Upgrade None
Embedded Industry Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration Upgrade None
Phone 8.1 None None None None None None Upgrade
Windows 10 Home Repair Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Pro Downgrade Repair Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Pro for Workstations Downgrade Downgrade Repair Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade None
Pro Education Downgrade Upgrade Upgrade Repair Migration Migration None
Education Migration Migration Migration Migration Repair Upgrade None
Enterprise Migration Migration Migration Migration Downgrade Repair None
Mobile None None None None None None None

Release channels[edit]


Microsoft releases minor versions of Windows 10 through the free feature updates.[12] Originally, Microsoft released feature updates semiannually. They contained new features as well as changes.[80] With the release of Windows 11, however, Microsoft has changed the release schedule to annual. These feature updates do not contain any noticeable changes.

The pace at which a system receives feature updates depends on the «release channel» (originally, «release branch») from which the system downloads its updates.[12]

Insider Channel[edit]

Windows Insider is a beta testing program that allows access to pre-release builds of Windows 10, enabling power users, developers, and vendors to test and provide feedback on future feature updates to Windows 10 as they are developed. Windows Insider itself consists of four «rings.»

  • The «Fast» ring distributes new builds as they are released
  • The «Slow» ring distributes new builds with a delay following their availability on the Fast ring
  • The «Release Preview» ring distributes release candidate
  • The «Skip Ahead» ring distributes builds of the next feature update while a current release is being finished

General Availability Channel[edit]

Since 2022, the General Availability Channel (GAC) distributes feature updates annually. To receive these updates, users must either request them manually or wait for their version of Windows 10 to go out of support.

Originally, however, Microsoft distributed feature updates through two distinct channels, the «Current Branch» (CB) an the «Current Branch for Business» (CBB).

  • The «Current Branch» (CB) distributed all feature updates as they graduated from the Windows Insider program. Microsoft only supported the latest build. Windows would automatically install the latest feature update from CB. Users could defer the CB feature update for up to 365 days.[81][82][83][84] Microsoft renamed CB to «Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted)» in version 1709.
  • The «Current Branch for Business» (CBB), which was not available in the Home edition, distributed feature updates with a four-month delay. This allowed customers and vendors to evaluate and perform additional testing on new builds before broader deployments. Devices could be switched back to the Current Branch at any time.[12][85] Microsoft renamed CBB to «Semi-Annual Channel» in version 1709.

Since version 1903, Microsoft dismantled the two-channel scheme in favor of a unified «Semi-Annual Channel» (SAC). Microsoft supports each SAC version of Windows for 30 months. Windows no longer installs new feature updates automatically before the expiry of the 30-months support period. With the release of Windows 11, Microsoft changed the release schedule to annual, and change the channel’s name to «General Availability Channel» (GAC).

Long-Term Servicing Channel[edit]

LTSC exclusively distributes the «Enterprise LTSC», «IoT Core», and «IoT Enterprise LTSC» editions of Windows 10. Microsoft releases a new minor version of these editions every 2–3 years. LTSC builds adhere to Microsoft’s traditional support policy which was in effect before Windows 10, including:

  • Five years of mainstream support
  • Critical and security updates for ten years after their release
  • No feature updates from Windows Update

Microsoft discourages the use of LTSC editions outside of «special-purpose devices» that perform a fixed function and thus do not require new user experience features. As a result, these editions do not come with Microsoft Store, most Cortana features, and most bundled apps.[12][1][3] LTSC was originally called the «Long-Term Servicing Branch» (LTSB) until 2016.[13]

See also[edit]

  • Windows Server 2016, based on Windows 10 version 1607[86]
  • Windows Server 2019, based on Windows 10 version 1809
  • Xbox system software, an operating system now based on the Windows 10 core, designed to run on consoles
  • Windows 10 version history

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c 32-bit architectures like IA-32 and ARM32 have a memory addressing limitation of four gigabytes. In practice, less than 4 GB of memory is addressable as the 4 GB space also includes the memory mapped peripherals.
  2. ^ Windows 10 utilises processor groups on x86-64 to manage processor affinity and scheduling. The Windows 10 kernel has a hard-coded limit of 20 processor groups, and each processor group can contain up to 64 logical processors. A logical processor is either a physical or SMT core. Processor groups are allocated based on the NUMA topology of the system. One processor group cannot span multiple sockets or NUMA nodes. Processor groups are not available on IA-32; 32-bit builds instead use an older affinity mask implementation with a limit of 32 logical processors. The limit of 20 processor groups does not change between Windows 10 editions. There is no specific limit on the number of physical cores that can be used on Windows 10, unlike Windows Server where physical cores must be additionally licensed.[58][60][61][62]
  3. ^ There are three (previously four) telemetry levels, in the order of magnitude: Diagnostic data off (Security), Required (Basic), and Optional (Full). The higher the level, the more information that is sent to Microsoft. Previous Windows 10 versions had a level between Required and Optional, and the older names for the levels are shown in the parenthesis.
  4. ^ Cortana is available only in certain markets. Experience may vary by region and device.
  5. ^ a b This feature was missing from Windows 10 version 1803, but not the prior or next versions.
  6. ^ Windows Hello requires specialized hardware, such as a fingerprint reader, illuminated IR sensor or other biometric sensor.
  7. ^ On Windows 10 Pro, a Control Panel applet corresponding to this feature appears, but a Windows 10 Enterprise or Education image is still needed.[73][74]

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Источник

Microsoft is already one of the world’s biggest corporations, but it never sits on its laurels. There’s always something to upgrade, and that’s what Windows Core OS is all about: enhancing the company’s technology.

The plan for a super operating system began years ago and remained a dream until now. Software and hardware are on the way to change much about how Windows users and developers operate.

Here’s everything you should know about Windows Core OS, from ideas to facts.

What Is Windows Core OS?

The new operating system, aiming for a modular layout, is a simplified and far more practical version of what you know today. Basically, all Microsoft devices will have the same Windows Core OS foundation on which developers can add and adapt containers of features.

Designing the look and contents of different devices will be much more efficient. This is the result of current technology and forward-thinking innovation coming together.

Windows Core OS Components

Microsoft’s timeless OneCore will merge with a new compartmentalized operating system, stripped down to its very basic and essential elements. That’s where the name, Core OS, comes from.

Also, plans so far exclude legacy apps—old software still in use for better or worse. It’s not a surprise, considering Microsoft is slowly ending support for them anyway. Internet Explorer 11 and Microsoft Edge’s legacy version are some of the latest to go.

Microsoft won’t leave C Shell behind, though (short for Composable Shell). The same modular idea produced this interface technology.

Because of that, a Microsoft device’s appearance quickly changes according to how someone uses or even holds it. C Shell will be just as vital in designing the Windows Core OS interface.

Universal Windows Platform (UWP) is another important part of the Core OS plan. It’s one of Microsoft’s best tools for creating apps and will help shape the new system’s all-important features.

UWP, OneCore, and C Shell are the pillars of the new system. Between them and the extra innovations Microsoft cooks up, Windows Core OS should be a powerful game-change for the company’s productivity and value.

How Does Windows Core OS Affect User Experience?

Microsoft is aiming to get rid of known problems and make the user experience smoother than ever before.

To begin with, the universal nature of Core OS means you won’t need to learn how to navigate each new device all over again. You should find the same interface and controls on all Microsoft systems.

Another possibility is being able to unbox one platform’s particular features on a different device. Gamers, for example, could use Xbox controls on a PC and vice versa without messing up the basic operating system.

Microsoft Xbox Console Controller

On the topic of gaming, links between Windows Core OS and GameCore also promise titles that run on both Xbox and PC. GameCore is another new platform for game and app development but with a focus on cross-platform compatibility.

Core OS plans also aim to make updates faster and more discreet. Once again, it comes down to the modular design, allowing users to work as normal while the device updates in the background.

One downside is that you won’t be able to simply upgrade Windows 10 with the new system. As a completely revamped OS, the price will be steep too. On the other hand, you’ll get a much smoother experience than with old versions of Windows.

Finally, as already mentioned, legacy features aren’t part of the plan, even the likes of Win32. That said, some software is popular enough that Microsoft may find a way to incorporate them. After all, Core OS technology, especially the idea of containers, is still young and full of potential.

Existing Forms of Microsoft Core OS

Windows 10X is Microsoft’s first big step towards realizing its Core OS dream. For now, 10X is only for dual-screen devices like the Surface Neo. The system also comes with several Grecian code names, just to spice up the mystery.

Santorini or Lite refers to the same overall Windows 10X system for foldable PCs, laptops, and tablets. Centaurus is a different dual-screen project in the works, while Pegasus seems to focus on other varieties of 2-in-1 devices alongside laptops.

Everything will become clearer as Microsoft nears its goals. In the meantime, another technology to explore that might relate to Core OS are Windows Feature Experience Packs and their familiar design. Don’t forget about GameCore either and the modular clues it contains.

Devices That Support Microsoft Core OS Technology

Surface Neo is, more or less, the flagship for Windows 10X and, so, Core OS. As a result of project Centaurus, it’s a dual-screen computer with 9-inch displays and a removable keyboard, due for release somewhere in early 2021, if not sooner.

HoloLens 2 will also bring a taste of Windows Core OS to consumers. While not the full-on experience, the headset will have a version of the new C Shell-based interface and features specific to smartglasses. This includes being able to place apps in your peripheral vision and interact with your virtual environment.

Microsoft Hololens 2 Features and Specs

Xbox Series X finds itself the center of attention because of rumors regarding an upcoming Windows Mode, which would give the console PC-based features. In fact, Xbox often comes up as a platform of interest for Core OS executives, which could be the first of many cross-platform capabilities.

Surface Hub 2X is a cartridge upgrade for the Hub 2S digital whiteboard, one that might run Windows 10X. Despite Microsoft’s recent problems in releasing the cartridge, not to mention the issues delivering updates to the Surface Hub, it does demonstrate that the company is broadening the scope of Core OS to include corporate markets.

Why Is Windows Core OS Important?

Microsoft Windows Tablets With Touch Pens

Microsoft wants to develop products a lot easier and cheaper. It also wants to boost the user experience as much as possible. Windows Core OS will help with all of that by delivering a completely new Windows program and environment on PC, console, and mobile.

The main problem today with Windows 10 is the effort that goes into setting up each device. Even though they all have a common baseline in the form of OneCore, every new smartphone or laptop is designed from scratch.

No matter how successful Windows is with consumers, the time and money Microsoft spends on development are not ideal. It’s even worse when a product like the Surface RT fails to impress and cover its cost. These aren’t the kinds of Windows problems you can fix with free online repair tools.

At the end of the day, Microsoft’s programmers and the company will benefit the most from Windows Core OS, but users will enjoy many perks. A universal and more functional interface alongside smoother performance and updates are the least you can expect.

Check Out Current Windows Core OS Experiences

After years of waiting, you’ll soon get to see some fruits of Microsoft’s labor. Windows 10X, Surface Neo, and other looming products should answer a lot of questions for consumers, but also developers in terms of where their technologies can improve.

Windows Core OS is still a far-off dream to fulfill. However, Microsoft and its innovators seem determined as ever to achieve it for the benefit of programmers and users alike.

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